Adult T-cell leukemia risk factors: Difference between revisions
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__NOTOC__ | __NOTOC__ | ||
{{Adult T-cell leukemia}} | {{Adult T-cell leukemia}} | ||
{{CMG}} {{AE}} {{HL}} | {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{HL}}; {{GRR}} {{Nat}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Common [[risk factors]] in the development of adult T-cell leukemia among [[HTLV]] carriers are [[vertical transmission]] of HTLV [[infection]] during [[Childbirth|labor]], male sex, and specific [[human leukocyte antigen]]s such as [[HLA-A]] 26, [[HLA-B]] 4002, and HLA-B 4801. | Common [[risk factors]] in the development of adult T-cell leukemia among [[HTLV]] carriers are [[vertical transmission]] of HTLV [[infection]] during [[Childbirth|labor]], male sex, and specific [[human leukocyte antigen]]s such as [[HLA-A]] 26, [[HLA-B]] 4002, and [[HLA-B]] 4801. | ||
==Risk Factors== | ==Risk Factors== | ||
* Common [[risk factors]] in the development of adult T-cell leukemia among [[HTLV]] carriers include:<ref name="pmid22973265">{{cite journal| author=Iwanaga M, Watanabe T, Yamaguchi K| title=Adult T-cell leukemia: a review of epidemiological evidence. | journal=Front Microbiol | year= 2012 | volume= 3 | issue= | pages= 322 | pmid=22973265 | doi=10.3389/fmicb.2012.00322 | pmc=PMC3437524 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22973265 }} </ref> | * Common [[risk factors]] in the development of adult T-cell leukemia among [[HTLV]] carriers include:<ref name="pmid22973265">{{cite journal| author=Iwanaga M, Watanabe T, Yamaguchi K| title=Adult T-cell leukemia: a review of epidemiological evidence. | journal=Front Microbiol | year= 2012 | volume= 3 | issue= | pages= 322 | pmid=22973265 | doi=10.3389/fmicb.2012.00322 | pmc=PMC3437524 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22973265 }} </ref><ref name="pmid9808547">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hisada M, Okayama A, Shioiri S, Spiegelman DL, Stuver SO, Mueller NE |title=Risk factors for adult T-cell leukemia among carriers of human T-lymphotropic virus type I |journal=Blood |volume=92 |issue=10 |pages=3557–61 |date=November 1998 |pmid=9808547 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid27412633">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kondo H, Soda M, Sawada N, Inoue M, Imaizumi Y, Miyazaki Y, Iwanaga M, Tanaka Y, Mizokami M, Tsugane S |title=Smoking is a risk factor for development of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma in Japanese human T-cell leukemia virus type-1 carriers |journal=Cancer Causes Control |volume=27 |issue=9 |pages=1059–66 |date=September 2016 |pmid=27412633 |doi=10.1007/s10552-016-0784-8 |url=}}</ref> | ||
:* [[Vertical transmission]] of HTLV [[infection]] during [[labor]] | :* [[Vertical transmission]] of HTLV [[infection]] during [[labor]] | ||
:* Male sex | :* Male sex | ||
| Line 12: | Line 12: | ||
::* [[HLA-A]] 26 | ::* [[HLA-A]] 26 | ||
::* [[HLA-B]] 4002 | ::* [[HLA-B]] 4002 | ||
::* HLA-B 4801 | ::* [[HLA-B]] 4801 | ||
:* Patients with a [[Strongyloides stercoralis]] co-infection | :* Patients with a [[Strongyloides stercoralis]] co-infection | ||
:* [[Smoking]] | |||
:* An elevated soluble [[interleukin-2 receptor]] levels (> 500 U/ml) | :* An elevated soluble [[interleukin-2 receptor]] levels (> 500 U/ml) | ||
:* An elevated anti-HTLV-1 [[antibody]] [[titer]] | :* An elevated anti-HTLV-1 [[antibody]] [[titer]] | ||
:* An elevated HTLV proviral load level (> 4 copies per 100 peripheral blood [[mononuclear cell]]s) | :* An elevated [[HTLV]] proviral load level (> 4 copies per 100 peripheral blood [[mononuclear cell]]s) | ||
:* An elevated [[white blood cells|WBC count]] (> 9,000/μL) | :* An elevated [[white blood cells|WBC count]] (> 9,000/μL) | ||
:* An elevated abnormal [[lymphocyte]] count | :* An elevated abnormal [[lymphocyte]] count | ||
| Line 22: | Line 23: | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | |||
[[Category:Medicine]] | [[Category:Medicine]] | ||
[[Category:Hematology]] | [[Category:Hematology]] | ||
[[Category:Immunology]] | [[Category:Immunology]] | ||
[[Category:Infectious disease]] | |||
[[Category:Oncology]] | |||
[[Category:Up-To-Date]] | |||
Latest revision as of 20:19, 29 July 2020
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Haytham Allaham, M.D. [2]; Grammar Reviewer: Natalie Harpenau, B.S.[3]
Overview
Common risk factors in the development of adult T-cell leukemia among HTLV carriers are vertical transmission of HTLV infection during labor, male sex, and specific human leukocyte antigens such as HLA-A 26, HLA-B 4002, and HLA-B 4801.
Risk Factors
- Common risk factors in the development of adult T-cell leukemia among HTLV carriers include:[1][2][3]
- Vertical transmission of HTLV infection during labor
- Male sex
- Specific human leukocyte antigens such as:
- Patients with a Strongyloides stercoralis co-infection
- Smoking
- An elevated soluble interleukin-2 receptor levels (> 500 U/ml)
- An elevated anti-HTLV-1 antibody titer
- An elevated HTLV proviral load level (> 4 copies per 100 peripheral blood mononuclear cells)
- An elevated WBC count (> 9,000/μL)
- An elevated abnormal lymphocyte count
- A decreased level of anti-Tax reactivity
References
- ↑ Iwanaga M, Watanabe T, Yamaguchi K (2012). "Adult T-cell leukemia: a review of epidemiological evidence". Front Microbiol. 3: 322. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2012.00322. PMC 3437524. PMID 22973265.
- ↑ Hisada M, Okayama A, Shioiri S, Spiegelman DL, Stuver SO, Mueller NE (November 1998). "Risk factors for adult T-cell leukemia among carriers of human T-lymphotropic virus type I". Blood. 92 (10): 3557–61. PMID 9808547.
- ↑ Kondo H, Soda M, Sawada N, Inoue M, Imaizumi Y, Miyazaki Y, Iwanaga M, Tanaka Y, Mizokami M, Tsugane S (September 2016). "Smoking is a risk factor for development of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma in Japanese human T-cell leukemia virus type-1 carriers". Cancer Causes Control. 27 (9): 1059–66. doi:10.1007/s10552-016-0784-8. PMID 27412633.