Anal fissure classification: Difference between revisions
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{{Anal fissure}} | {{Anal fissure}} | ||
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Anal fissures can be divided into primary and secondary anal fissures, based on etiology; posterior and anterior anal fissures based on location; and acute and chronic anal fissures based on the duration of symptoms. | |||
==Classification== | |||
== | Anal fissures are divided into different categories according to different classification systems:<ref name="pmid27041801">{{cite journal |vauthors=Schlichtemeier S, Engel A |title=Anal fissure |journal=Aust Prescr |volume=39 |issue=1 |pages=14–7 |year=2016 |pmid=27041801 |pmc=4816871 |doi=10.18773/austprescr.2016.007 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid8871258">{{cite journal |vauthors=Wehrli H |title=[Etiology, pathogenesis and classification of anal fissure] |language=German |journal=Swiss Surg |volume= |issue=1 |pages=14–7 |year=1996 |pmid=8871258 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid8944447">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lund JN, Scholefield JH |title=Aetiology and treatment of anal fissure |journal=Br J Surg |volume=83 |issue=10 |pages=1335–44 |year=1996 |pmid=8944447 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid20109631">{{cite journal |vauthors=Herzig DO, Lu KC |title=Anal fissure |journal=Surg. Clin. North Am. |volume=90 |issue=1 |pages=33–44, Table of Contents |year=2010 |pmid=20109631 |doi=10.1016/j.suc.2009.09.002 |url=}}</ref> | ||
*Anal fissure may be classified according to causative factors into 2 subtypes: | |||
**Primary anal fissure- caused due to local [[Physical trauma|trauma]] such as hard stools, prolonged [[diarrhea]], [[vaginal delivery]], repetitive injury or penetration. These are usually posterior and anterior in location. | |||
**Secondary anal fissure- caused due to previous surgical procedures in the [[Colorectal cancer|anal]] area, [[inflammatory bowel disease]], [[tuberculosis]], [[sarcoidosis]], [[Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)|HIV]]/[[AIDS]], [[syphilis]]. They are usually multiple and lateral in position. | |||
*Anal fissure may be classified into several subtypes based on location: | |||
**Posterior anal fissures- it is found in 90% cases. | |||
**Anterior anal fissures- seen in 10% of cases. | |||
*Based on the duration of symptoms, an anal fissure may be classified as either acute (4-8 weeks), or chronic. | |||
*Based on the duration of symptoms, | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
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[[Category:Gastroenterology]] | [[Category:Gastroenterology]] | ||
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Latest revision as of 20:23, 29 July 2020
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Amandeep Singh M.D.[2]
Overview
Anal fissures can be divided into primary and secondary anal fissures, based on etiology; posterior and anterior anal fissures based on location; and acute and chronic anal fissures based on the duration of symptoms.
Classification
Anal fissures are divided into different categories according to different classification systems:[1][2][3][4]
- Anal fissure may be classified according to causative factors into 2 subtypes:
- Primary anal fissure- caused due to local trauma such as hard stools, prolonged diarrhea, vaginal delivery, repetitive injury or penetration. These are usually posterior and anterior in location.
- Secondary anal fissure- caused due to previous surgical procedures in the anal area, inflammatory bowel disease, tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, HIV/AIDS, syphilis. They are usually multiple and lateral in position.
- Anal fissure may be classified into several subtypes based on location:
- Posterior anal fissures- it is found in 90% cases.
- Anterior anal fissures- seen in 10% of cases.
- Based on the duration of symptoms, an anal fissure may be classified as either acute (4-8 weeks), or chronic.
References
- ↑ Schlichtemeier S, Engel A (2016). "Anal fissure". Aust Prescr. 39 (1): 14–7. doi:10.18773/austprescr.2016.007. PMC 4816871. PMID 27041801.
- ↑ Wehrli H (1996). "[Etiology, pathogenesis and classification of anal fissure]". Swiss Surg (in German) (1): 14–7. PMID 8871258.
- ↑ Lund JN, Scholefield JH (1996). "Aetiology and treatment of anal fissure". Br J Surg. 83 (10): 1335–44. PMID 8944447.
- ↑ Herzig DO, Lu KC (2010). "Anal fissure". Surg. Clin. North Am. 90 (1): 33–44, Table of Contents. doi:10.1016/j.suc.2009.09.002. PMID 20109631.