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{{Asthma}}
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==Overview==
==Overview==
 
The [[primary prevention]] of asthma includes efforts to reduce all personal exposure to [[tobacco]] smoke, including passive smoke exposure, occupational dusts and chemicals and other indoor and outdoor air pollutants linked to asthma.
==Primary Prevention==
==Primary Prevention==
The [[primary prevention]] of asthma includes efforts to reduce all personal exposure to the following:<ref name="pmid19249083">Pali-Schöll I, Renz H, Jensen-Jarolim E (2009) [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19249083 Update on allergies in pregnancy, lactation, and early childhood.] ''J Allergy Clin Immunol'' 123 (5):1012-21. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2009.01.045 DOI:10.1016/j.jaci.2009.01.045] PMID: [http://pubmed.gov/19249083 19249083]</ref><ref name="pmid18166574">Greer FR, Sicherer SH, Burks AW, American Academy of Pediatrics  Committee on Nutrition. American Academy of Pediatrics Section on Allergy and Immunology (2008) [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18166574 Effects of early nutritional interventions on the development of atopic disease in infants and children: the role of maternal dietary restriction, breastfeeding, timing of introduction of complementary foods, and hydrolyzed formulas.] ''Pediatrics'' 121 (1):183-91. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2007-3022 DOI:10.1542/peds.2007-3022] PMID: [http://pubmed.gov/18166574 18166574]</ref><ref name="pmid10373144">Høst A, Koletzko B, Dreborg S, Muraro A, Wahn U, Aggett P et al. (1999) [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10373144 Dietary products used in infants for treatment and prevention of food allergy. Joint Statement of the European Society for Paediatric Allergology and Clinical Immunology (ESPACI) Committee on Hypoallergenic Formulas and the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) Committee on Nutrition.] ''Arch Dis Child'' 81 (1):80-4. PMID: [http://pubmed.gov/10373144 10373144]</ref><ref name="pmid7767192">Johnston SL, Pattemore PK, Sanderson G, Smith S, Lampe F, Josephs L et al. (1995) [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=7767192 Community study of role of viral infections in exacerbations of asthma in 9-11 year old children.] ''BMJ'' 310 (6989):1225-9. PMID: [http://pubmed.gov/7767192 7767192]</ref><ref name="pmid17030233">Jaakkola JJ, Ahmed P, Ieromnimon A, Goepfert P, Laiou E, Quansah R et al. (2006) [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17030233 Preterm delivery and asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.] ''J Allergy Clin Immunol'' 118 (4):823-30. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2006.06.043 DOI:10.1016/j.jaci.2006.06.043] PMID: [http://pubmed.gov/17030233 17030233]</ref><ref name="pmid8634562">Strachan DP, Butland BK, Anderson HR (1996) [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8634562 Incidence and prognosis of asthma and wheezing illness from early childhood to age 33 in a national British cohort.] ''BMJ'' 312 (7040):1195-9. PMID: [http://pubmed.gov/8634562 8634562]</ref><ref name="pmid16973983">Gilliland FD, Islam T, Berhane K, Gauderman WJ, McConnell R, Avol E et al. (2006) [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16973983 Regular smoking and asthma incidence in adolescents.] ''Am J Respir Crit Care Med'' 174 (10):1094-100. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/rccm.200605-722OC DOI:10.1164/rccm.200605-722OC] PMID: [http://pubmed.gov/16973983 16973983]</ref><ref name="pmid18436295">Polosa R, Knoke JD, Russo C, Piccillo G, Caponnetto P, Sarvà M et al. (2008) [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18436295 Cigarette smoking is associated with a greater risk of incident asthma in allergic rhinitis.] ''J Allergy Clin Immunol'' 121 (6):1428-34. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2008.02.041 DOI:10.1016/j.jaci.2008.02.041] PMID: [http://pubmed.gov/18436295 18436295]</ref><ref name="pmid2314963">Weitzman M, Gortmaker S, Walker DK, Sobol A (1990) [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=2314963 Maternal smoking and childhood asthma.] ''Pediatrics'' 85 (4):505-11. PMID: [http://pubmed.gov/2314963 2314963]</ref><ref name="pmid18156567">Taylor B, Mannino D, Brown C, Crocker D, Twum-Baah N, Holguin F (2008) [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18156567 Body mass index and asthma severity in the National Asthma Survey.] ''Thorax'' 63 (1):14-20. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thx.2007.082784 DOI:10.1136/thx.2007.082784] PMID: [http://pubmed.gov/18156567 18156567]</ref><ref name="pmid18980776">Coogan PF, Palmer JR, O'Connor GT, Rosenberg L (2009) [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18980776 Body mass index and asthma incidence in the Black Women's Health Study.] ''J Allergy Clin Immunol'' 123 (1):89-95. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2008.09.040 DOI:10.1016/j.jaci.2008.09.040] PMID: [http://pubmed.gov/18980776 18980776]</ref>
*[[Tobacco]] smoke, including passive smoke exposure
*Occupational dusts and chemicals
*Other indoor and outdoor air pollutants linked to asthma
*Encouraging breast feeding
*Avoidance and immediate treatment of [[upper respiratory tract infections]]
*Close monitoring of [[low birth weight]] infants
*Avoidance of maternal smoking
*Weight control


==References==
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist|2}}
{{WH}}
{{WS}}


[[Category:Pulmonology]]
[[Category:Pulmonology]]
[[Category:Immunology]]
[[Category:Immunology]]
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]
[[Category:Primary care]]
[[Category:Mature chapter]]
[[Category:Mature chapter]]
{{WH}}
{{WS}}

Latest revision as of 20:30, 29 July 2020

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Usama Talib, BSc, MD [2]

Overview

The primary prevention of asthma includes efforts to reduce all personal exposure to tobacco smoke, including passive smoke exposure, occupational dusts and chemicals and other indoor and outdoor air pollutants linked to asthma.

Primary Prevention

The primary prevention of asthma includes efforts to reduce all personal exposure to the following:[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]

  • Tobacco smoke, including passive smoke exposure
  • Occupational dusts and chemicals
  • Other indoor and outdoor air pollutants linked to asthma
  • Encouraging breast feeding
  • Avoidance and immediate treatment of upper respiratory tract infections
  • Close monitoring of low birth weight infants
  • Avoidance of maternal smoking
  • Weight control

References

  1. ↑ Pali-Schöll I, Renz H, Jensen-Jarolim E (2009) Update on allergies in pregnancy, lactation, and early childhood. J Allergy Clin Immunol 123 (5):1012-21. DOI:10.1016/j.jaci.2009.01.045 PMID: 19249083
  2. ↑ Greer FR, Sicherer SH, Burks AW, American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Nutrition. American Academy of Pediatrics Section on Allergy and Immunology (2008) Effects of early nutritional interventions on the development of atopic disease in infants and children: the role of maternal dietary restriction, breastfeeding, timing of introduction of complementary foods, and hydrolyzed formulas. Pediatrics 121 (1):183-91. DOI:10.1542/peds.2007-3022 PMID: 18166574
  3. ↑ Høst A, Koletzko B, Dreborg S, Muraro A, Wahn U, Aggett P et al. (1999) Dietary products used in infants for treatment and prevention of food allergy. Joint Statement of the European Society for Paediatric Allergology and Clinical Immunology (ESPACI) Committee on Hypoallergenic Formulas and the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) Committee on Nutrition. Arch Dis Child 81 (1):80-4. PMID: 10373144
  4. ↑ Johnston SL, Pattemore PK, Sanderson G, Smith S, Lampe F, Josephs L et al. (1995) Community study of role of viral infections in exacerbations of asthma in 9-11 year old children. BMJ 310 (6989):1225-9. PMID: 7767192
  5. ↑ Jaakkola JJ, Ahmed P, Ieromnimon A, Goepfert P, Laiou E, Quansah R et al. (2006) Preterm delivery and asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 118 (4):823-30. DOI:10.1016/j.jaci.2006.06.043 PMID: 17030233
  6. ↑ Strachan DP, Butland BK, Anderson HR (1996) Incidence and prognosis of asthma and wheezing illness from early childhood to age 33 in a national British cohort. BMJ 312 (7040):1195-9. PMID: 8634562
  7. ↑ Gilliland FD, Islam T, Berhane K, Gauderman WJ, McConnell R, Avol E et al. (2006) Regular smoking and asthma incidence in adolescents. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 174 (10):1094-100. DOI:10.1164/rccm.200605-722OC PMID: 16973983
  8. ↑ Polosa R, Knoke JD, Russo C, Piccillo G, Caponnetto P, Sarvà M et al. (2008) Cigarette smoking is associated with a greater risk of incident asthma in allergic rhinitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 121 (6):1428-34. DOI:10.1016/j.jaci.2008.02.041 PMID: 18436295
  9. ↑ Weitzman M, Gortmaker S, Walker DK, Sobol A (1990) Maternal smoking and childhood asthma. Pediatrics 85 (4):505-11. PMID: 2314963
  10. ↑ Taylor B, Mannino D, Brown C, Crocker D, Twum-Baah N, Holguin F (2008) Body mass index and asthma severity in the National Asthma Survey. Thorax 63 (1):14-20. DOI:10.1136/thx.2007.082784 PMID: 18156567
  11. ↑ Coogan PF, Palmer JR, O'Connor GT, Rosenberg L (2009) Body mass index and asthma incidence in the Black Women's Health Study. J Allergy Clin Immunol 123 (1):89-95. DOI:10.1016/j.jaci.2008.09.040 PMID: 18980776

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