Bacterial meningitis causes: Difference between revisions

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*Diphtheroids
*Diphtheroids
*Propionibacterium acnes
*Propionibacterium acnes
*Serratia marcescens
*Salmonella species
*Borrelia burgdoferri
*Brucella sp
*Nocardia
*Francisella tularensis
*Streptococcus suis


===Life threatening causes===
===Life threatening causes===
Meningococcal meningitis may lead to bilateral adrenal hemorrhage causing shock and death.<ref name="pmid21772601">{{cite journal| author=Sonavane A, Baradkar V, Salunkhe P, Kumar S| title=Waterhouse-friderichsen syndrome in an adult patient with meningococcal meningitis. | journal=Indian J Dermatol | year= 2011 | volume= 56 | issue= 3 | pages= 326-8 | pmid=21772601 | doi=10.4103/0019-5154.82496 | pmc=3132917 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21772601  }} </ref>  
Meningococcal meningitis may lead to bilateral adrenal hemorrhage causing shock and death.<ref name="pmid21772601">{{cite journal| author=Sonavane A, Baradkar V, Salunkhe P, Kumar S| title=Waterhouse-friderichsen syndrome in an adult patient with meningococcal meningitis. | journal=Indian J Dermatol | year= 2011 | volume= 56 | issue= 3 | pages= 326-8 | pmid=21772601 | doi=10.4103/0019-5154.82496 | pmc=3132917 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21772601  }} </ref>  
===Causes by organ system===
===Causes by organ system===
{|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" |'''Cardiovascular'''
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Chemical/Poisoning'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Dental'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Dermatologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Drug Side Effect'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Endocrine'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Environmental'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Gastroenterologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Genetic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Hematologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|  No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Iatrogenic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|  No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Infectious Disease'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|     
Streptococcus pneumoniae<br>
Neisseria meningitis<br>
Hemophilus influenza<br>
Group B streptococcus<br>
Listeria monocytogenes<br>
Staphylococcus aureus<br>
Group B streptococcus<br>
Klebsiella<br>
Peudomonas<br>
E coli<br>
Listeria monocytogenes<br>
Kingella Kingae<br>
Mycobacterium tuberculosise<br>
Trepenoma pallidum<br>
Diphtheroids<br>
Propionibacterium acnes<br>
Serratia marcescens<br>
Salmonella species<br>
Borrelia burgdoferri<br>
Brucella sp<br>
Nocardia<br>
Francisella tularensis<br>
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|  No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Neurologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|  No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Nutritional/Metabolic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Oncologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Ophthalmologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Overdose/Toxicity'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Psychiatric'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Pulmonary'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Renal/Electrolyte'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Sexual'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Trauma'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Urologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Miscellaneous'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|}


==References==
==References==
Line 58: Line 196:
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[[Category:Infectious disease]]

Latest revision as of 20:34, 29 July 2020

Meningitis main page

Bacterial meningitis Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Meningitis from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

CT

MRI

Lumbar Puncture

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aysha Anwar, M.B.B.S[2]

Overview

The causative agent for bacterial meningitis varies according to age group. Common causative agents for bacterial meningitis may include Group B Streptococcus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib).[1][2][3][4][5][6]

Causes

Causes by Age group

The causative bacterial agent for bacterial agent may vary according to the age group:[1][2][3][4][5][6]

Age group Bacterial cause
New borns Group B Streptococcus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes
Infants and children Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), Group B Streptococcus
Adolescents and Young Adults Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae
Older adults Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), Group B Streptococcus, Listeria monocytogenes

Common causes

The most common causes of bacterial meningitis include the following in order of decreasing frequency:[3]

  • Streptococcus pneumoniae- most common in all age groups
  • Neisseria meningitis
  • Hemophilus influenza
  • Group B streptococcus
  • Listeria monocytogenes

Less common causes

The rare causes of bacterial meningitis include:

  • Staphylococcus aureus
  • Group B streptococcus
  • Klebsiella
  • Peudomonas
  • E coli
  • Listeria monocytogenes
  • Kingella Kingae[7]
  • Mycobacterium tuberculosise
  • Trepenoma pallidum
  • Diphtheroids
  • Propionibacterium acnes
  • Serratia marcescens
  • Salmonella species
  • Borrelia burgdoferri
  • Brucella sp
  • Nocardia
  • Francisella tularensis
  • Streptococcus suis

Life threatening causes

Meningococcal meningitis may lead to bilateral adrenal hemorrhage causing shock and death.[8]

Causes by organ system

Cardiovascular No underlying causes
Chemical/Poisoning No underlying causes
Dental No underlying causes
Dermatologic No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect No underlying causes
Ear Nose Throat No underlying causes
Endocrine No underlying causes
Environmental No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic No underlying causes
Genetic No underlying causes
Hematologic No underlying causes
Iatrogenic No underlying causes
Infectious Disease

Streptococcus pneumoniae
Neisseria meningitis
Hemophilus influenza
Group B streptococcus
Listeria monocytogenes
Staphylococcus aureus
Group B streptococcus
Klebsiella
Peudomonas
E coli
Listeria monocytogenes
Kingella Kingae
Mycobacterium tuberculosise
Trepenoma pallidum
Diphtheroids
Propionibacterium acnes
Serratia marcescens
Salmonella species
Borrelia burgdoferri
Brucella sp
Nocardia
Francisella tularensis

Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic No underlying causes
Neurologic No underlying causes
Nutritional/Metabolic No underlying causes
Obstetric/Gynecologic No underlying causes
Oncologic No underlying causes
Ophthalmologic No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity No underlying causes
Psychiatric No underlying causes
Pulmonary No underlying causes
Renal/Electrolyte No underlying causes
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy No underlying causes
Sexual No underlying causes
Trauma No underlying causes
Urologic No underlying causes
Miscellaneous No underlying causes

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 https://www.cdc.gov/meningitis/bacterial.html Accessed on 4th Jan, 2017
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Thigpen MC, Whitney CG, Messonnier NE, Zell ER, Lynfield R, Hadler JL; et al. (2011). "Bacterial meningitis in the United States, 1998-2007". N Engl J Med. 364 (21): 2016–25. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1005384. PMID 21612470.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Brouwer MC, Tunkel AR, van de Beek D (2010). "Epidemiology, diagnosis, and antimicrobial treatment of acute bacterial meningitis". Clin Microbiol Rev. 23 (3): 467–92. doi:10.1128/CMR.00070-09. PMC 2901656. PMID 20610819.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Hoffman O, Weber RJ (2009). "Pathophysiology and treatment of bacterial meningitis". Ther Adv Neurol Disord. 2 (6): 1–7. doi:10.1177/1756285609337975. PMC 3002609. PMID 21180625.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Kim KS (2010). "Acute bacterial meningitis in infants and children". Lancet Infect Dis. 10 (1): 32–42. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(09)70306-8. PMID 20129147.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Khalessi N, Afsharkhas L (2014). "Neonatal meningitis: risk factors, causes, and neurologic complications". Iran J Child Neurol. 8 (4): 46–50. PMC 4307368. PMID 25657770.
  7. ↑ Van Erps J, Schmedding E, Naessens A, Keymeulen B (1992). "Kingella kingae, a rare cause of bacterial meningitis". Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 94 (2): 173–5. PMID 1324818.
  8. ↑ Sonavane A, Baradkar V, Salunkhe P, Kumar S (2011). "Waterhouse-friderichsen syndrome in an adult patient with meningococcal meningitis". Indian J Dermatol. 56 (3): 326–8. doi:10.4103/0019-5154.82496. PMC 3132917. PMID 21772601.


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