Bacterial meningitis other diagnostic studies: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Other diagnostic tests which may be used to diagnose bacterial meningitis include rapid tests such as latex agglutination tests and immunochrmatographic tests and polymerase chain reaction. These tests have high sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing specific pathogen responsible for bacterial meningitis. Latex agglutination tests are no longer used due to high false positive tests.<ref name="pmid15494903">{{cite journal| author=Tunkel AR, Hartman BJ, Kaplan SL, Kaufman BA, Roos KL, Scheld WM et al.| title=Practice guidelines for the management of bacterial meningitis. | journal=Clin Infect Dis | year= 2004 | volume= 39 | issue= 9 | pages= 1267-84 | pmid=15494903 | doi=10.1086/425368 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15494903 }} </ref> | |||
==Other diagnostic tests== | ==Other diagnostic tests== | ||
Other diagnostic tests which may be used to diagnose bacterial meningitis may include: | Other diagnostic tests which may be used to diagnose bacterial meningitis may include: | ||
===Rapid tests=== | ===Rapid tests=== | ||
Two rapid detection tests which may be used to diagnose bacterial meningitis may include: | Two rapid detection tests which may be used to diagnose bacterial meningitis may include:<ref name="pmid15494903">{{cite journal| author=Tunkel AR, Hartman BJ, Kaplan SL, Kaufman BA, Roos KL, Scheld WM et al.| title=Practice guidelines for the management of bacterial meningitis. | journal=Clin Infect Dis | year= 2004 | volume= 39 | issue= 9 | pages= 1267-84 | pmid=15494903 | doi=10.1086/425368 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15494903 }} </ref><ref name="pmid16371872">{{cite journal| author=Saha SK, Darmstadt GL, Yamanaka N, Billal DS, Nasreen T, Islam M et al.| title=Rapid diagnosis of pneumococcal meningitis: implications for treatment and measuring disease burden. | journal=Pediatr Infect Dis J | year= 2005 | volume= 24 | issue= 12 | pages= 1093-8 | pmid=16371872 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16371872 }} </ref><ref name="pmid18260752">{{cite journal| author=Werno AM, Murdoch DR| title=Medical microbiology: laboratory diagnosis of invasive pneumococcal disease. | journal=Clin Infect Dis | year= 2008 | volume= 46 | issue= 6 | pages= 926-32 | pmid=18260752 | doi=10.1086/528798 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18260752 }} </ref><br> | ||
'''Latex agglutination test'''<br> | '''Latex agglutination test'''<br> | ||
*May be used for detecting common meningeal pathogens<ref name="pmid15494903">{{cite journal| author=Tunkel AR, Hartman BJ, Kaplan SL, Kaufman BA, Roos KL, Scheld WM et al.| title=Practice guidelines for the management of bacterial meningitis. | journal=Clin Infect Dis | year= 2004 | volume= 39 | issue= 9 | pages= 1267-84 | pmid=15494903 | doi=10.1086/425368 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15494903 }} </ref> | |||
*Not used routinely due to false positive results | |||
'''Immunochromatographic tests'''<br> | '''Immunochromatographic tests'''<br> | ||
*It is 100 percent sensitive and specific for diagnosing streptococcus pneumoniae infection.<ref name="pmid16371872">{{cite journal| author=Saha SK, Darmstadt GL, Yamanaka N, Billal DS, Nasreen T, Islam M et al.| title=Rapid diagnosis of pneumococcal meningitis: implications for treatment and measuring disease burden. | journal=Pediatr Infect Dis J | year= 2005 | volume= 24 | issue= 12 | pages= 1093-8 | pmid=16371872 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16371872 }} </ref><ref name="pmid18260752">{{cite journal| author=Werno AM, Murdoch DR| title=Medical microbiology: laboratory diagnosis of invasive pneumococcal disease. | journal=Clin Infect Dis | year= 2008 | volume= 46 | issue= 6 | pages= 926-32 | pmid=18260752 | doi=10.1086/528798 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18260752 }} </ref> | |||
===Nucleic acid amplification tests(NAT)=== | ===Nucleic acid amplification tests(NAT)=== | ||
*NAT such as PCR may be used to diagnose specific pathogen responsible for meningitis | *NAT such as PCR may be used to diagnose specific pathogen responsible for meningitis such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitides and Hemophilus Influenza | ||
*The sensitivity and specificity of PCR for pneumococcal meningitis is 92 percent and 100 percent respectively. | *The sensitivity and specificity of PCR for pneumococcal meningitis is 92 percent and 100 percent respectively. | ||
*False positive tests may be reported with NAT. | *False positive tests may be reported with NAT. | ||
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Latest revision as of 20:34, 29 July 2020
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Bacterial meningitis Microchapters |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aysha Anwar, M.B.B.S[2]
Overview
Other diagnostic tests which may be used to diagnose bacterial meningitis include rapid tests such as latex agglutination tests and immunochrmatographic tests and polymerase chain reaction. These tests have high sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing specific pathogen responsible for bacterial meningitis. Latex agglutination tests are no longer used due to high false positive tests.[1]
Other diagnostic tests
Other diagnostic tests which may be used to diagnose bacterial meningitis may include:
Rapid tests
Two rapid detection tests which may be used to diagnose bacterial meningitis may include:[1][2][3]
Latex agglutination test
- May be used for detecting common meningeal pathogens[1]
- Not used routinely due to false positive results
Immunochromatographic tests
Nucleic acid amplification tests(NAT)
- NAT such as PCR may be used to diagnose specific pathogen responsible for meningitis such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitides and Hemophilus Influenza
- The sensitivity and specificity of PCR for pneumococcal meningitis is 92 percent and 100 percent respectively.
- False positive tests may be reported with NAT.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Tunkel AR, Hartman BJ, Kaplan SL, Kaufman BA, Roos KL, Scheld WM; et al. (2004). "Practice guidelines for the management of bacterial meningitis". Clin Infect Dis. 39 (9): 1267–84. doi:10.1086/425368. PMID 15494903.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Saha SK, Darmstadt GL, Yamanaka N, Billal DS, Nasreen T, Islam M; et al. (2005). "Rapid diagnosis of pneumococcal meningitis: implications for treatment and measuring disease burden". Pediatr Infect Dis J. 24 (12): 1093–8. PMID 16371872.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Werno AM, Murdoch DR (2008). "Medical microbiology: laboratory diagnosis of invasive pneumococcal disease". Clin Infect Dis. 46 (6): 926–32. doi:10.1086/528798. PMID 18260752.