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{{CMG}}
__NOTOC__
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{SaraM}}
{{Bacterial vaginosis}}
{{Bacterial vaginosis}}
==Overview==
Common risk factors in the development of bacterial vaginosis include sexual activity, a new sex partner or multiple sex partners, woman who have sex with woman, presence of other [[sexually transmitted infections]], douching, and cigarette smoking.<ref name="pmid18947329">{{cite journal| author=Fethers KA, Fairley CK, Hocking JS, Gurrin LC, Bradshaw CS| title=Sexual risk factors and bacterial vaginosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. | journal=Clin Infect Dis | year= 2008 | volume= 47 | issue= 11 | pages= 1426-35 | pmid=18947329 | doi=10.1086/592974 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18947329  }} </ref><ref name="pmid14672465">{{cite journal| author=Yen S, Shafer MA, Moncada J, Campbell CJ, Flinn SD, Boyer CB| title=Bacterial vaginosis in sexually experienced and non-sexually experienced young women entering the military. | journal=Obstet Gynecol | year= 2003 | volume= 102 | issue= 5 Pt 1 | pages= 927-33 | pmid=14672465 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=14672465  }} </ref>


==Overview==
==Risk Factors==
BV is not a [[sexually transmitted disease]] ([[STD]]). Although it is less common in women who have never had sex, there is evidence that it could be linked to having a new sex partner or multiple sex partners. Also, douching appears to increase the risk of developing BV.
===Common Risk Factors===
BV is not a [[sexually transmitted disease]] ([[STD]]). Although it is less common in women who have never had sex, there is evidence that it could be linked to having a new sex partner or multiple sex partners.
Common risk factors in the development of bacterial vaginosis include:<ref name="pmid18947329">{{cite journal| author=Fethers KA, Fairley CK, Hocking JS, Gurrin LC, Bradshaw CS| title=Sexual risk factors and bacterial vaginosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. | journal=Clin Infect Dis | year= 2008 | volume= 47 | issue= 11 | pages= 1426-35 | pmid=18947329 | doi=10.1086/592974 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18947329  }} </ref><ref name="pmid14672465">{{cite journal| author=Yen S, Shafer MA, Moncada J, Campbell CJ, Flinn SD, Boyer CB| title=Bacterial vaginosis in sexually experienced and non-sexually experienced young women entering the military. | journal=Obstet Gynecol | year= 2003 | volume= 102 | issue= 5 Pt 1 | pages= 927-33 | pmid=14672465 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=14672465  }} </ref><ref name="pmid11141849">{{cite journal| author=Fethers K, Marks C, Mindel A, Estcourt CS| title=Sexually transmitted infections and risk behaviours in women who have sex with women. | journal=Sex Transm Infect | year= 2000 | volume= 76 | issue= 5 | pages= 345-9 | pmid=11141849 | doi= | pmc=1744205 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11141849  }} </ref><ref name="pmid19200604">{{cite journal| author=Verstraelen H, Verhelst R, Nuytinck L, Roelens K, De Meester E, De Vos D et al.| title=Gene polymorphisms of Toll-like and related recognition receptors in relation to the vaginal carriage of Gardnerella vaginalis and Atopobium vaginae. | journal=J Reprod Immunol | year= 2009 | volume= 79 | issue= 2 | pages= 163-73 | pmid=19200604 | doi=10.1016/j.jri.2008.10.006 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19200604  }} </ref><ref name="pmid12383547">{{cite journal| author=Ness RB, Hillier SL, Richter HE, Soper DE, Stamm C, McGregor J et al.| title=Douching in relation to bacterial vaginosis, lactobacilli, and facultative bacteria in the vagina. | journal=Obstet Gynecol | year= 2002 | volume= 100 | issue= 4 | pages= 765 | pmid=12383547 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12383547  }} </ref><ref name="pmid24285846">{{cite journal| author=Bradshaw CS, Walker SM, Vodstrcil LA, Bilardi JE, Law M, Hocking JS et al.| title=The influence of behaviors and relationships on the vaginal microbiota of women and their female partners: the WOW Health Study. | journal=J Infect Dis | year= 2014 | volume= 209 | issue= 10 | pages= 1562-72 | pmid=24285846 | doi=10.1093/infdis/jit664 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24285846  }} </ref>
*Sexual activity
*Women who have sex with women (WSW)
**Increasing numbers of female sexual partners
**A female partner with symptomatic BV
**Various sexual practices
*Presence of other [[sexually transmitted infections]]
*Douching
*Cigarette smoking
*Alkaline vaginal [[pH]] ([[menstruation]], [[semen]])
*Genetic susceptibility


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Up-To-Date]]
[[Category:Gynecology]]
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]
[[Category:Infectious disease]]

Latest revision as of 20:34, 29 July 2020

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sara Mehrsefat, M.D. [2]

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Overview

Common risk factors in the development of bacterial vaginosis include sexual activity, a new sex partner or multiple sex partners, woman who have sex with woman, presence of other sexually transmitted infections, douching, and cigarette smoking.[1][2]

Risk Factors

Common Risk Factors

BV is not a sexually transmitted disease (STD). Although it is less common in women who have never had sex, there is evidence that it could be linked to having a new sex partner or multiple sex partners. Common risk factors in the development of bacterial vaginosis include:[1][2][3][4][5][6]

  • Sexual activity
  • Women who have sex with women (WSW)
    • Increasing numbers of female sexual partners
    • A female partner with symptomatic BV
    • Various sexual practices
  • Presence of other sexually transmitted infections
  • Douching
  • Cigarette smoking
  • Alkaline vaginal pH (menstruation, semen)
  • Genetic susceptibility

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Fethers KA, Fairley CK, Hocking JS, Gurrin LC, Bradshaw CS (2008). "Sexual risk factors and bacterial vaginosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis". Clin Infect Dis. 47 (11): 1426–35. doi:10.1086/592974. PMID 18947329.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Yen S, Shafer MA, Moncada J, Campbell CJ, Flinn SD, Boyer CB (2003). "Bacterial vaginosis in sexually experienced and non-sexually experienced young women entering the military". Obstet Gynecol. 102 (5 Pt 1): 927–33. PMID 14672465.
  3. ↑ Fethers K, Marks C, Mindel A, Estcourt CS (2000). "Sexually transmitted infections and risk behaviours in women who have sex with women". Sex Transm Infect. 76 (5): 345–9. PMC 1744205. PMID 11141849.
  4. ↑ Verstraelen H, Verhelst R, Nuytinck L, Roelens K, De Meester E, De Vos D; et al. (2009). "Gene polymorphisms of Toll-like and related recognition receptors in relation to the vaginal carriage of Gardnerella vaginalis and Atopobium vaginae". J Reprod Immunol. 79 (2): 163–73. doi:10.1016/j.jri.2008.10.006. PMID 19200604.
  5. ↑ Ness RB, Hillier SL, Richter HE, Soper DE, Stamm C, McGregor J; et al. (2002). "Douching in relation to bacterial vaginosis, lactobacilli, and facultative bacteria in the vagina". Obstet Gynecol. 100 (4): 765. PMID 12383547.
  6. ↑ Bradshaw CS, Walker SM, Vodstrcil LA, Bilardi JE, Law M, Hocking JS; et al. (2014). "The influence of behaviors and relationships on the vaginal microbiota of women and their female partners: the WOW Health Study". J Infect Dis. 209 (10): 1562–72. doi:10.1093/infdis/jit664. PMID 24285846.
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