Blepharitis causes: Difference between revisions
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__NOTOC__ | __NOTOC__ | ||
{{Blepharitis}} | {{Blepharitis}} | ||
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{Ochuko}} | {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{Ochuko}}, {{SaraM}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Common causes of blepharitis include [[ | Common causes of blepharitis include [[bacterial infections]], [[meibomian gland|dysfunctional meibomian glands]], [[allergies]], and ''[[Demodex folliculorum]]''.<ref name="pmid19383269">{{cite journal| author=Lemp MA, Nichols KK| title=Blepharitis in the United States 2009: a survey-based perspective on prevalence and treatment. | journal=Ocul Surf | year= 2009 | volume= 7 | issue= 2 Suppl | pages= S1-S14 | pmid=19383269 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19383269 }} </ref><ref name=Blepharitis-1> Blepharitis. American Academy of Ophthalmology/eyewiki (2014). http://eyewiki.org/Blepharitis Accessed on July 14, 2016 </ref> | ||
==Causes== | |||
Common causes of blepharitis include: <ref name="pmid19383269">{{cite journal| author=Lemp MA, Nichols KK| title=Blepharitis in the United States 2009: a survey-based perspective on prevalence and treatment. | journal=Ocul Surf | year= 2009 | volume= 7 | issue= 2 Suppl | pages= S1-S14 | pmid=19383269 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19383269 }} </ref><ref name="pmid20590417">{{cite journal| author=Bernardes TF, Bonfioli AA| title=Blepharitis. | journal=Semin Ophthalmol | year= 2010 | volume= 25 | issue= 3 | pages= 79-83 | pmid=20590417 | doi=10.3109/08820538.2010.488562 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20590417 }} </ref><ref name="pmid3466455">{{cite journal| author=McCulley JP, Dougherty JM| title=Bacterial aspects of chronic blepharitis. | journal=Trans Ophthalmol Soc U K | year= 1986 | volume= 105 ( Pt 3) | issue= | pages= 314-8 | pmid=3466455 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=3466455 }} </ref> | Common causes of blepharitis include:<ref name="pmid19383269">{{cite journal| author=Lemp MA, Nichols KK| title=Blepharitis in the United States 2009: a survey-based perspective on prevalence and treatment. | journal=Ocul Surf | year= 2009 | volume= 7 | issue= 2 Suppl | pages= S1-S14 | pmid=19383269 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19383269 }} </ref><ref name=Blepharitis-1> American Academy of Ophthalmology/ eyewiki (2014) http://eyewiki.org/Blepharitis Accessed on July 14, 2016 </ref><ref name="pmid20590417">{{cite journal| author=Bernardes TF, Bonfioli AA| title=Blepharitis. | journal=Semin Ophthalmol | year= 2010 | volume= 25 | issue= 3 | pages= 79-83 | pmid=20590417 | doi=10.3109/08820538.2010.488562 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20590417 }} </ref><ref name="pmid3466455">{{cite journal| author=McCulley JP, Dougherty JM| title=Bacterial aspects of chronic blepharitis. | journal=Trans Ophthalmol Soc U K | year= 1986 | volume= 105 ( Pt 3) | issue= | pages= 314-8 | pmid=3466455 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=3466455 }} </ref><ref name="pmid8779082">{{cite journal| author=Driver PJ, Lemp MA| title=Meibomian gland dysfunction. | journal=Surv Ophthalmol | year= 1996 | volume= 40 | issue= 5 | pages= 343-67 | pmid=8779082 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8779082 }} </ref> | ||
*Bacterial colonization | *[[Bacterial]] colonization | ||
**''[[Staphylococcus aureus]]'' (most common) | **''[[Staphylococcus aureus]]'' (most common) | ||
**''[[Corynebacterium]]'' | **''[[Corynebacterium]]'' | ||
**''[[Staphylococcus epidermidis]]'' | **''[[Staphylococcus epidermidis]]'' | ||
*[[Meibomian gland|Dysfunctional meibomian glands]] | *[[Meibomian gland|Dysfunctional meibomian glands]] | ||
*[[Allergies]] ( | *[[Allergies]] | ||
* | *''[[Demodex folliculorum]]'' | ||
Blepharitis may be also caused by:<ref name=blepharitis-2> Blepharitis. Diseases Database. (2016). http://www.diseasesdatabase.com/relationship.asp?glngUserChoice=1455&bytRel=2&blnBW=0&strBB=RL&blnClassSort=255 Accessed on July 15, 2016 </ref> | |||
*[[Lipoid proteinosis]] ([[autosomal recessive]] condition) | |||
*Periorbital [[cellulitis]] | |||
*[[Dipivefrin]] | |||
===Causes by Organ System=== | ===Causes by Organ System=== | ||
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===Causes in Alphabetical Order=== | ===Causes in Alphabetical Order=== | ||
{{columns-list | {{columns-list| | ||
*[[Acitretin]] | *[[Acitretin]] | ||
*[[Allergies]] | *[[Allergies]] | ||
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==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
[[Category:Disease]] | |||
[[Category:Up-To-Date]] | |||
[[Category:Ophthalmology]] | |||
Latest revision as of 20:38, 29 July 2020
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Blepharitis Microchapters | |
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Diagnosis | |
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Treatment | |
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Case Studies | |
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Blepharitis causes On the Web | |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Blepharitis causes | |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ogheneochuko Ajari, MB.BS, MS [2], Sara Mehrsefat, M.D. [3]
Overview
Common causes of blepharitis include bacterial infections, dysfunctional meibomian glands, allergies, and Demodex folliculorum.[1][2]
Causes
Common causes of blepharitis include:[1][2][3][4][5]
- Bacterial colonization
- Staphylococcus aureus (most common)
- Corynebacterium
- Staphylococcus epidermidis
- Dysfunctional meibomian glands
- Allergies
- Demodex folliculorum
Blepharitis may be also caused by:[6]
- Lipoid proteinosis (autosomal recessive condition)
- Periorbital cellulitis
- Dipivefrin
Causes by Organ System
Causes in Alphabetical Order
- Acitretin
- Allergies
- Apraclonidine
- Atopic dermatitis [7]
- Atopic keratoconjunctivitis
- Atropine (systemic)
- Betaxolol (systemic)
- Bexarotene (systemic)
- Brimonidine (ophthalmic)
- Brinzolamide
- Cetuximab [8]
- Chalazion
- Chemical irritants
- Chronic graft-versus-host disease
- Clomipramine
- Congenital erythropoietic porphyria
- Contact dermatitis
- Contact lens
- Crohn’s disease [9]
- Demodex
- Diabetes
- Difluprednate
- Dipivefrin
- Dry eyes
- Dysfunctional meibomian glands [5]
- Dyskeratosis congenita
- Epidermolysis bullosa
- Erythromycin and benzoyl peroxide topical (patient information)
- Fluocinolone (ophthalmic)
- Gatifloxacin
- Gefitinib
- Glucagonoma syndrome
- Herpes simplex virus infection
- HIV [10]
- Iloperidone
- Ipilimumab
- Isotretinoin
- Lansoprazole
- Lice
- Lipoid proteinosis
- Lodoxamide tromethamine
- Loteprednol
- Methotrexate
- Metipranolol
- Mirtazapine
- Molluscum contagiosum
- Mupirocin
- Mustard gas [11]
- Myotonic dystrophy
- Nisoldipine
- Nitisinone
- Pediculosis
- Pegaptanib
- Pentamidine (oral inhalation)
- Periorbital cellulitis
- Phthiriasis
- Poor hygiene
- Pramipexole
- Pregabalin
- Propionibacterium acnes [4]
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- Psoriasis [12]
- Quetiapine
- Ranibizumab
- Rasagiline
- Rosacea [7]
- Saquinavir
- Seborrheic dermatitis [7]
- Sjögren's syndrome
- Skin cancer
- Staphylococcus aureus [4]
- Syphilis
- Tacrolimus (topical)
- Tiagabine
- Timolol (ophthalmic)
- Travoprost
- Unoprostone
- Varicella zoster
- Venlafaxine
- Vernal keratoconjunctivitis
- Verteporfin
- Xeroderma pigmentosum [13]
- Zaleplon
- Ziprasidone
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Lemp MA, Nichols KK (2009). "Blepharitis in the United States 2009: a survey-based perspective on prevalence and treatment". Ocul Surf. 7 (2 Suppl): S1–S14. PMID 19383269.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Blepharitis. American Academy of Ophthalmology/eyewiki (2014). http://eyewiki.org/Blepharitis Accessed on July 14, 2016
- ↑ Bernardes TF, Bonfioli AA (2010). "Blepharitis". Semin Ophthalmol. 25 (3): 79–83. doi:10.3109/08820538.2010.488562. PMID 20590417.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 McCulley JP, Dougherty JM (1986). "Bacterial aspects of chronic blepharitis". Trans Ophthalmol Soc U K. 105 ( Pt 3): 314–8. PMID 3466455.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Driver PJ, Lemp MA (1996). "Meibomian gland dysfunction". Surv Ophthalmol. 40 (5): 343–67. PMID 8779082.
- ↑ Blepharitis. Diseases Database. (2016). http://www.diseasesdatabase.com/relationship.asp?glngUserChoice=1455&bytRel=2&blnBW=0&strBB=RL&blnClassSort=255 Accessed on July 15, 2016
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Auw-Haedrich C, Reinhard T (2007). "[Chronic blepharitis. Pathogenesis, clinical features, and therapy]". Ophthalmologe. 104 (9): 817–26, quiz 827-8. doi:10.1007/s00347-007-1608-8. PMID 17762935.
- ↑ Dranko S, Kinney C, Ramanathan RK (2006). "Ocular toxicity related to cetuximab monotherapy in patients with colorectal cancer". Clin Colorectal Cancer. 6 (3): 224–5. doi:10.3816/CCC.2006.n.040. PMID 17026793.
- ↑ Yilmaz S, Aydemir E, Maden A, Unsal B (2007). "The prevalence of ocular involvement in patients with inflammatory bowel disease". Int J Colorectal Dis. 22 (9): 1027–30. doi:10.1007/s00384-007-0275-1. PMID 17262200.
- ↑ Biswas J, Sudharshan S (2008). "Anterior segment manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome". Indian J Ophthalmol. 56 (5): 363–75. PMC 2636142. PMID 18711264.
- ↑ Karimian F, Zarei-Ghanavati S, A BR, Jadidi K, Lotfi-Kian A (2011). "Microbiological evaluation of chronic blepharitis among Iranian veterans exposed to mustard gas: a case-controlled study". Cornea. 30 (6): 620–3. doi:10.1097/ICO.0b013e3181e16f7c. PMID 21282998.
- ↑ Rehal B, Modjtahedi BS, Morse LS, Schwab IR, Maibach HI (2011). "Ocular psoriasis". J Am Acad Dermatol. 65 (6): 1202–12. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2010.10.032. PMID 21550135.
- ↑ Brooks BP, Thompson AH, Bishop RJ, Clayton JA, Chan CC, Tsilou ET; et al. (2013). "Ocular manifestations of xeroderma pigmentosum: long-term follow-up highlights the role of DNA repair in protection from sun damage". Ophthalmology. 120 (7): 1324–36. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2012.12.044. PMC 3702678. PMID 23601806.