Blepharitis physical examination: Difference between revisions

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{{Blepharitis}}
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{{CMG}} {{AE}} {{SaraM}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{SaraM}}


==Overview==
==Overview==
Physical examination of patients with blepharitis is usually remarkable for irritated eyelid edges, hard crusting of the lashes or greasy appearing flake,   
Physical examination of patients with blepharitis is usually remarkable for irritated eyelid edges, hard crusting of the lashes, [[entropion]], [[ectropion]], [[poliosis]], and diffuse [[conjunctival injection]].<ref name="pmid3957566">{{cite journal| author=Dougherty JM, McCulley JP| title=Bacterial lipases and chronic blepharitis. | journal=Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci | year= 1986 | volume= 27 | issue= 4 | pages= 486-91 | pmid=3957566 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=3957566  }} </ref><ref name="pmid13274422">{{cite journal| author=THYGESON P, VAUGHAN DG| title=Seborrheic blepharitis. | journal=Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc | year= 1954 | volume= 52 | issue=  | pages= 173-88 | pmid=13274422 | doi= | pmc=1312591 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=13274422 }} </ref>


==Physical Examination==
==Physical Examination==
===Facial and Scalp Skin Examination===
===Skin===
Itching and flaking scalp or facial skin ([[seborrheic dermatitis]])
Common skin examination findings of blepharitis include:<ref name="pmid3957566">{{cite journal| author=Dougherty JM, McCulley JP| title=Bacterial lipases and chronic blepharitis. | journal=Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci | year= 1986 | volume= 27 | issue= 4 | pages= 486-91 | pmid=3957566 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=3957566  }} </ref><ref name="pmid13274422">{{cite journal| author=THYGESON P, VAUGHAN DG| title=Seborrheic blepharitis. | journal=Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc | year= 1954 | volume= 52 | issue=  | pages= 173-88 | pmid=13274422 | doi= | pmc=1312591 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=13274422  }} </ref><ref name="pmid19383269">{{cite journal| author=Lemp MA, Nichols KK| title=Blepharitis in the United States 2009: a survey-based perspective on prevalence and treatment. | journal=Ocul Surf | year= 2009 | volume= 7 | issue= 2 Suppl | pages= S1-S14 | pmid=19383269 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19383269  }} </ref>
Facial flushing ([[acne rosacea]])
*Scalp or facial skin itching and flaking (suggestive of [[seborrheic dermatitis]])
Broken or swollen blood vessels on cheeks and nose, and red or swollen nose ([[acne rosacea]])
*Facial flushing and [[Telangiectasia]] on cheeks and nose (suggestive of [[acne rosacea]])
===External Examination of the eye===
 
===Eye===
 
====Gross Eye Examination====
Common eye examination findings of blepharitis include:<ref name="pmid13274422">{{cite journal| author=THYGESON P, VAUGHAN DG| title=Seborrheic blepharitis. | journal=Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc | year= 1954 | volume= 52 | issue=  | pages= 173-88 | pmid=13274422 | doi= | pmc=1312591 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=13274422  }} </ref><ref name=Blepharitis-1> Blepharitis. American Academy of Ophthalmology/eyewiki (2014). http://eyewiki.org/Blepharitis Accessed on July 14, 2016 </ref><ref name=Blepharitis-3> Blepharitis. National Eye Institute. (2009). https://nei.nih.gov/health/blepharitis/blepharitis Accessed on July, 14, 2016 </ref>
*Pink or irritated eyelid edges
*Pink or irritated eyelid edges
*Hard crusting of the lashes ([[staphylococcal blepharitis]]
*Hard crusting of the lashes (staphylococcal blepharitis)
Greasy appearing flake ([[seborrheic blepharitis]]
*Greasy appearing flakes (seborrheic blepharitis)
*Cylindrical dandruff on the base of lashes (suggestive of ''[[Demodex folliculorum]]'' infestation)
*[[Telangiectasia]] on the anterior eyelid
*[[Entropion]]  
*[[Entropion]]  
*[[Ectropion]]
*[[Ectropion]]
*[[Trichiasis]]  
*[[Trichiasis]]  
*[[Madarosis]] (loss of lashes)
*Madarosis
*[[Poliosis]] (loss of pigmentation of lashes)
*[[Poliosis]]  
*[[Distichiasis]] (abnormal growth of eyelashes)
*Distichiasis  
*Diffuse conjunctival injection
*Diffuse [[conjunctival injection]]
===Slit lamp Examination===
 
The slit lamp examination can help distinguish anterior and posterior blepharitis.
====Slit Lamp Examination====
*[[Meibomian gland|Meibomian gland Enlargement]] (posterior blepharitis)
On [[slit lamp|slit lamp examination]], blepharitis is characterized by:
*Waxy secretions at the gland openings (posterior blepharitis)
*[[Meibomian gland|Meibomian gland enlargement]]  
*Waxy secretions at the gland openings  
*Lid margin [[neovascularization]] and dilation of existing blood vessels  
*Lid margin [[neovascularization]] and dilation of existing blood vessels  
*[[Ulcerations]] along the eyelid margin.
*[[Ulcerations]] along the eyelid margin
*[[Corneal nodules]]
*Corneal nodules
*Corneal margin ulcer
*Corneal margin ulcer
*Superficial corneal pannus
*Superficial corneal pannus
==Images==
The following are images associated with blepharitis:<ref name="pmid21450918">{{cite journal| author=Tomlinson A, Bron AJ, Korb DR, Amano S, Paugh JR, Pearce EI et al.| title=The international workshop on meibomian gland dysfunction: report of the diagnosis subcommittee. | journal=Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci | year= 2011 | volume= 52 | issue= 4 | pages= 2006-49 | pmid=21450918 | doi=10.1167/iovs.10-6997f | pmc=3072162 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21450918  }} </ref>
<gallery>
Image:Entropion.jpeg|Entropion and trichiasis - By Otis Historical Archives Nat'l Museum of Health & Medicine - originally posted to Flickr as A44-652-11, CC BY 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=6215100
</gallery>
==References==
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist|2}}


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Latest revision as of 20:38, 29 July 2020

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sara Mehrsefat, M.D. [2]

Overview

Physical examination of patients with blepharitis is usually remarkable for irritated eyelid edges, hard crusting of the lashes, entropion, ectropion, poliosis, and diffuse conjunctival injection.[1][2]

Physical Examination

Skin

Common skin examination findings of blepharitis include:[1][2][3]

Eye

Gross Eye Examination

Common eye examination findings of blepharitis include:[2][4][5]

Slit Lamp Examination

On slit lamp examination, blepharitis is characterized by:

Images

The following are images associated with blepharitis:[6]

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 Dougherty JM, McCulley JP (1986). "Bacterial lipases and chronic blepharitis". Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 27 (4): 486–91. PMID 3957566.
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 THYGESON P, VAUGHAN DG (1954). "Seborrheic blepharitis". Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc. 52: 173–88. PMC 1312591. PMID 13274422.
  3. Lemp MA, Nichols KK (2009). "Blepharitis in the United States 2009: a survey-based perspective on prevalence and treatment". Ocul Surf. 7 (2 Suppl): S1–S14. PMID 19383269.
  4. Blepharitis. American Academy of Ophthalmology/eyewiki (2014). http://eyewiki.org/Blepharitis Accessed on July 14, 2016
  5. Blepharitis. National Eye Institute. (2009). https://nei.nih.gov/health/blepharitis/blepharitis Accessed on July, 14, 2016
  6. Tomlinson A, Bron AJ, Korb DR, Amano S, Paugh JR, Pearce EI; et al. (2011). "The international workshop on meibomian gland dysfunction: report of the diagnosis subcommittee". Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 52 (4): 2006–49. doi:10.1167/iovs.10-6997f. PMC 3072162. PMID 21450918.