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| __NOTOC__ | | __NOTOC__ |
| {{Breast lumps}} | | {{Breast lumps}} |
| {{CMG}} {{AE}} {{S.M}} | | {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{S.M}} |
| ==Overview== | | ==Overview== |
| | There are no established measures for the primary prevention of breast lumps. |
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| ==Primary prevention== | | ==Primary prevention== |
| [[Benign]] breast lesions require great attention regarding its influence on patient's quality of life, high prevalence and potential chance of becoming [[malignant|malignant.]]<ref name="pmid9494790">{{cite journal| author=Goehring C, Morabia A| title=Epidemiology of benign breast disease, with special attention to histologic types. | journal=Epidemiol Rev | year= 1997 | volume= 19 | issue= 2 | pages= 310-27 | pmid=9494790 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9494790 }} </ref>
| | There are no established measures for the primary prevention of breast lumps. |
| *Prevention considers as the first way to decrease incidence of new cases of [[breast cancer]] rather than controlling it.<ref name="pmid23539594">{{cite journal| author=Vogelstein B, Papadopoulos N, Velculescu VE, Zhou S, Diaz LA, Kinzler KW| title=Cancer genome landscapes. | journal=Science | year= 2013 | volume= 339 | issue= 6127 | pages= 1546-58 | pmid=23539594 | doi=10.1126/science.1235122 | pmc=3749880 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23539594 }} </ref>
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| *Prevention of breast disease can be associated with establishing modifiable risk factors.
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| **[[Premenopausal]] women
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| ***Alcohol intake
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| ****No alcohol intake for youth aged 12-17 years, 20-30% possible risk reduction, 10-20 years until benefit<ref name="pmid22492774">{{cite journal| author=Liu Y, Tamimi RM, Berkey CS, Willett WC, Collins LC, Schnitt SJ et al.| title=Intakes of alcohol and folate during adolescence and risk of proliferative benign breast disease. | journal=Pediatrics | year= 2012 | volume= 129 | issue= 5 | pages= e1192-8 | pmid=22492774 | doi=10.1542/peds.2011-2601 | pmc=3866773 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22492774 }} </ref><ref name="pmid23985142">{{cite journal| author=Liu Y, Colditz GA, Rosner B, Berkey CS, Collins LC, Schnitt SJ et al.| title=Alcohol intake between menarche and first pregnancy: a prospective study of breast cancer risk. | journal=J Natl Cancer Inst | year= 2013 | volume= 105 | issue= 20 | pages= 1571-8 | pmid=23985142 | doi=10.1093/jnci/djt213 | pmc=3797023 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23985142 }} </ref>
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| ****≤1 serving/day alcohol intake for young adults 18-24 years, 20-30% possible risk reduction, 10-20 years until benefit<ref name="pmid23985142">{{cite journal| author=Liu Y, Colditz GA, Rosner B, Berkey CS, Collins LC, Schnitt SJ et al.| title=Alcohol intake between menarche and first pregnancy: a prospective study of breast cancer risk. | journal=J Natl Cancer Inst | year= 2013 | volume= 105 | issue= 20 | pages= 1571-8 | pmid=23985142 | doi=10.1093/jnci/djt213 | pmc=3797023 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23985142 }} </ref>
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| ****≤1 serving/day alcohol intake for adults ≥18 years, 35% possible risk reduction, 10-20 years until benefit<ref name="pmid22045766">{{cite journal| author=Chen WY, Rosner B, Hankinson SE, Colditz GA, Willett WC| title=Moderate alcohol consumption during adult life, drinking patterns, and breast cancer risk. | journal=JAMA | year= 2011 | volume= 306 | issue= 17 | pages= 1884-90 | pmid=22045766 | doi=10.1001/jama.2011.1590 | pmc=3292347 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22045766 }} </ref><ref name="pmid9480365">{{cite journal| author=Smith-Warner SA, Spiegelman D, Yaun SS, van den Brandt PA, Folsom AR, Goldbohm RA et al.| title=Alcohol and breast cancer in women: a pooled analysis of cohort studies. | journal=JAMA | year= 1998 | volume= 279 | issue= 7 | pages= 535-40 | pmid=9480365 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9480365 }} </ref>
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| ***Healthy weight
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| ****Avoid weight gain in all women, 50% risk reduction after menopause, 10-30 years until benefit<ref name="pmid16835425">{{cite journal| author=Eliassen AH, Colditz GA, Rosner B, Willett WC, Hankinson SE| title=Adult weight change and risk of postmenopausal breast cancer. | journal=JAMA | year= 2006 | volume= 296 | issue= 2 | pages= 193-201 | pmid=16835425 | doi=10.1001/jama.296.2.193 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16835425 }} </ref>
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| ***Physical activity
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| ****≥ 30min/day, for inactive women, 20% risk reduction, 10-30 years until benefit<ref name="pmid16288120">{{cite journal| author=Bernstein L, Patel AV, Ursin G, Sullivan-Halley J, Press MF, Deapen D et al.| title=Lifetime recreational exercise activity and breast cancer risk among black women and white women. | journal=J Natl Cancer Inst | year= 2005 | volume= 97 | issue= 22 | pages= 1671-9 | pmid=16288120 | doi=10.1093/jnci/dji374 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16288120 }} </ref>
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| ***Healthy diet
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| ****Such as fruit, vegetables, whole grains,20-50% risk reduction, 5-20 years until benefit<ref name="pmid23349252">{{cite journal| author=Jung S, Spiegelman D, Baglietto L, Bernstein L, Boggs DA, van den Brandt PA et al.| title=Fruit and vegetable intake and risk of breast cancer by hormone receptor status. | journal=J Natl Cancer Inst | year= 2013 | volume= 105 | issue= 3 | pages= 219-36 | pmid=23349252 | doi=10.1093/jnci/djs635 | pmc=3593764 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23349252 }} </ref><ref name="pmid19318430">{{cite journal| author=Korde LA, Wu AH, Fears T, Nomura AM, West DW, Kolonel LN et al.| title=Childhood soy intake and breast cancer risk in Asian American women. | journal=Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev | year= 2009 | volume= 18 | issue= 4 | pages= 1050-9 | pmid=19318430 | doi=10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-08-0405 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19318430 }} </ref>
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| ***Breast feeding
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| ****1 years total across all children for women who have given birth, 18% risk reduction,5 years until benefit<ref name="pmid12133652">{{cite journal| author=Collaborative Group on Hormonal Factors in Breast Cancer| title=Breast cancer and breastfeeding: collaborative reanalysis of individual data from 47 epidemiological studies in 30 countries, including 50302 women with breast cancer and 96973 women without the disease. | journal=Lancet | year= 2002 | volume= 360 | issue= 9328 | pages= 187-95 | pmid=12133652 | doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(02)09454-0 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12133652 }} </ref>
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| ***Prophylactic bilateral [[oophorectomy]]
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| ****For carriers of [[BRCA1|BRCA 1]] and [[BRCA2]], 50% risk reduction, ≥ 2years until benefit<ref name="pmid19141781">{{cite journal| author=Rebbeck TR, Kauff ND, Domchek SM| title=Meta-analysis of risk reduction estimates associated with risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy in BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carriers. | journal=J Natl Cancer Inst | year= 2009 | volume= 101 | issue= 2 | pages= 80-7 | pmid=19141781 | doi=10.1093/jnci/djn442 | pmc=2639318 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19141781 }} </ref>
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| ***[[Tamoxifen]]
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| ****High risk women aged ≥35 years , 50% risk reduction,2 years until benefit <ref>Bernard Fisher, Joseph P. Costantino, D. Lawrence Wickerham, Carol K. Redmond, Maureen Kavanah, Walter M. Cronin, Victor Vogel, André Robidoux, Nikolay Dimitrov, James Atkins, Mary Daly, Samuel Wieand, Elizabeth Tan-Chiu, Leslie Ford, Norman Wolmark, other National Surgical Adjuvant Breast, Bowel Project Investigators; Tamoxifen for Prevention of Breast Cancer: Report of the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project P-1 Study, JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 90, Issue 18, 16 September 1998, Pages 1371–1388, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/90.18.1371</ref>
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| **[[Postmenopausal]] women
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| ***Alcohol intake
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| ****≤1 serving/d,35% risk reduction, 5-10 years until benefit<ref name="pmid9480365" />
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| ***Healthy weight
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| ****Weight loss For overweight and obese women> 145 lbs,50% risk reduction,2-5 years until benefit<ref name="pmid16835425" />
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| ***Physical activity
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| ****≥30 min/day for women not facing physical activity deadlines, 20% risk reduction, 10-20 years until benefit<ref name="pmid16288120" />
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| ***Avoid estrogen and progestin postmenopausal hormone therapy<ref name="pmid24647877">{{cite journal| author=Colditz GA, Bohlke K| title=Priorities for the primary prevention of breast cancer. | journal=CA Cancer J Clin | year= 2014 | volume= 64 | issue= 3 | pages= 186-94 | pmid=24647877 | doi=10.3322/caac.21225 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24647877 }} </ref>
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| ****10% risk reduction for current users, 1 year until benefit
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| ****50% risk reduction for current users, 2 years until benefit
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| ***[[Tamoxifen]] and [[raloxifen]]
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| ****For high risk women with greater than or equal risk for average woman aged 60 years,50% risk reduction, 2 years until benefit<ref name="pmid23835710">{{cite journal| author=Visvanathan K, Hurley P, Bantug E, Brown P, Col NF, Cuzick J et al.| title=Use of pharmacologic interventions for breast cancer risk reduction: American Society of Clinical Oncology clinical practice guideline. | journal=J Clin Oncol | year= 2013 | volume= 31 | issue= 23 | pages= 2942-62 | pmid=23835710 | doi=10.1200/JCO.2013.49.3122 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23835710 }} </ref>
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| ==References== | | ==References== |
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| {{WikiDoc Sources}} | | {{WikiDoc Sources}} |
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| [[Category:primary care]]
| | [[Category:Up-To-Date]] |
| [[Category:Disease]]
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| [[Category:Musculoskeletal Disease]]
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| [[Category:Physical examination]]
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| [[Category:Needs content]]
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| [[Category:Up-To-Date]]
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| [[Category:Oncology]] | | [[Category:Oncology]] |
| [[Category:Medicine]]
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| [[Category:Gynecology]] | | [[Category:Gynecology]] |
| [[Category:Surgery]] | | [[Category:Surgery]] |