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| __NOTOC__ | | __NOTOC__ |
| {{Breast lumps}} | | {{Breast lumps}} |
| {{CMG}} {{AE}} {{S.M}} | | {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{S.M}} |
| ==Overview== | | ==Overview== |
| Primary prevention of breast lumps consists of modifiable risk factors and preventive factors to decreases breast cancer rates. The protective factors are controlling alcohol consumption, healthy weight, physical activity, diet, breast feeding for 1 year, prophylactic bilateral [[oophorectomy]] for [[BRCA1]] and [[BRCA2]] carriers,avoid [[hormonal replacement therapy]] and [[tamoxifen]] usage for high risk women aged>35 years.
| | There are no established measures for the primary prevention of breast lumps. |
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| ==Primary prevention== | | ==Primary prevention== |
| [[Benign]] breast lesions require great attention regarding its influence on patient's quality of life, high prevalence and potential chance of becoming [[malignant|malignant.]]<ref name="pmid9494790">{{cite journal| author=Goehring C, Morabia A| title=Epidemiology of benign breast disease, with special attention to histologic types. | journal=Epidemiol Rev | year= 1997 | volume= 19 | issue= 2 | pages= 310-27 | pmid=9494790 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9494790 }} </ref>
| | There are no established measures for the primary prevention of breast lumps. |
| *Prevention considers as the first way to decrease incidence of new cases of [[breast cancer]] rather than controlling it.<ref name="pmid23539594">{{cite journal| author=Vogelstein B, Papadopoulos N, Velculescu VE, Zhou S, Diaz LA, Kinzler KW| title=Cancer genome landscapes. | journal=Science | year= 2013 | volume= 339 | issue= 6127 | pages= 1546-58 | pmid=23539594 | doi=10.1126/science.1235122 | pmc=3749880 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23539594 }} </ref>
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| *Prevention of breast disease can be associated with establishing modifiable risk factors.
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| **[[Premenopausal]] women
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| ***Alcohol intake:
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| ****No alcohol intake for youth aged 12-17 years, 20-30% possible risk reduction, 10-20 years until benefit<ref name="pmid22492774">{{cite journal| author=Liu Y, Tamimi RM, Berkey CS, Willett WC, Collins LC, Schnitt SJ et al.| title=Intakes of alcohol and folate during adolescence and risk of proliferative benign breast disease. | journal=Pediatrics | year= 2012 | volume= 129 | issue= 5 | pages= e1192-8 | pmid=22492774 | doi=10.1542/peds.2011-2601 | pmc=3866773 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22492774 }} </ref><ref name="pmid23985142">{{cite journal| author=Liu Y, Colditz GA, Rosner B, Berkey CS, Collins LC, Schnitt SJ et al.| title=Alcohol intake between menarche and first pregnancy: a prospective study of breast cancer risk. | journal=J Natl Cancer Inst | year= 2013 | volume= 105 | issue= 20 | pages= 1571-8 | pmid=23985142 | doi=10.1093/jnci/djt213 | pmc=3797023 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23985142 }} </ref>
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| ****≤1 serving/day alcohol intake for young adults 18-24 years, 20-30% possible risk reduction, 10-20 years until benefit<ref name="pmid23985142">{{cite journal| author=Liu Y, Colditz GA, Rosner B, Berkey CS, Collins LC, Schnitt SJ et al.| title=Alcohol intake between menarche and first pregnancy: a prospective study of breast cancer risk. | journal=J Natl Cancer Inst | year= 2013 | volume= 105 | issue= 20 | pages= 1571-8 | pmid=23985142 | doi=10.1093/jnci/djt213 | pmc=3797023 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23985142 }} </ref>
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| ****≤1 serving/day alcohol intake for adults ≥18 years, 35% possible risk reduction, 10-20 years until benefit<ref name="pmid22045766">{{cite journal| author=Chen WY, Rosner B, Hankinson SE, Colditz GA, Willett WC| title=Moderate alcohol consumption during adult life, drinking patterns, and breast cancer risk. | journal=JAMA | year= 2011 | volume= 306 | issue= 17 | pages= 1884-90 | pmid=22045766 | doi=10.1001/jama.2011.1590 | pmc=3292347 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22045766 }} </ref><ref name="pmid9480365">{{cite journal| author=Smith-Warner SA, Spiegelman D, Yaun SS, van den Brandt PA, Folsom AR, Goldbohm RA et al.| title=Alcohol and breast cancer in women: a pooled analysis of cohort studies. | journal=JAMA | year= 1998 | volume= 279 | issue= 7 | pages= 535-40 | pmid=9480365 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9480365 }} </ref>
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| ***Healthy weight:
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| ****Avoid weight gain in all women, 50% risk reduction after menopause, 10-30 years until benefit<ref name="pmid16835425">{{cite journal| author=Eliassen AH, Colditz GA, Rosner B, Willett WC, Hankinson SE| title=Adult weight change and risk of postmenopausal breast cancer. | journal=JAMA | year= 2006 | volume= 296 | issue= 2 | pages= 193-201 | pmid=16835425 | doi=10.1001/jama.296.2.193 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16835425 }} </ref>
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| ***Physical activity:
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| ****≥ 30min/day, for inactive women, 20% risk reduction, 10-30 years until benefit<ref name="pmid16288120">{{cite journal| author=Bernstein L, Patel AV, Ursin G, Sullivan-Halley J, Press MF, Deapen D et al.| title=Lifetime recreational exercise activity and breast cancer risk among black women and white women. | journal=J Natl Cancer Inst | year= 2005 | volume= 97 | issue= 22 | pages= 1671-9 | pmid=16288120 | doi=10.1093/jnci/dji374 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16288120 }} </ref>
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| ***Healthy diet:
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| ****Such as fruit, vegetables, whole grains,20-50% risk reduction, 5-20 years until benefit<ref name="pmid23349252">{{cite journal| author=Jung S, Spiegelman D, Baglietto L, Bernstein L, Boggs DA, van den Brandt PA et al.| title=Fruit and vegetable intake and risk of breast cancer by hormone receptor status. | journal=J Natl Cancer Inst | year= 2013 | volume= 105 | issue= 3 | pages= 219-36 | pmid=23349252 | doi=10.1093/jnci/djs635 | pmc=3593764 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23349252 }} </ref><ref name="pmid19318430">{{cite journal| author=Korde LA, Wu AH, Fears T, Nomura AM, West DW, Kolonel LN et al.| title=Childhood soy intake and breast cancer risk in Asian American women. | journal=Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev | year= 2009 | volume= 18 | issue= 4 | pages= 1050-9 | pmid=19318430 | doi=10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-08-0405 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19318430 }} </ref>
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| ***Breast feeding:
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| ****1 years total across all children for women who have given birth, 18% risk reduction,5 years until benefit<ref name="pmid12133652">{{cite journal| author=Collaborative Group on Hormonal Factors in Breast Cancer| title=Breast cancer and breastfeeding: collaborative reanalysis of individual data from 47 epidemiological studies in 30 countries, including 50302 women with breast cancer and 96973 women without the disease. | journal=Lancet | year= 2002 | volume= 360 | issue= 9328 | pages= 187-95 | pmid=12133652 | doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(02)09454-0 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12133652 }} </ref>
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| ***Prophylactic bilateral [[oophorectomy]]:
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| ****For carriers of [[BRCA1|BRCA 1]] and [[BRCA2]], 50% risk reduction, ≥ 2years until benefit<ref name="pmid19141781">{{cite journal| author=Rebbeck TR, Kauff ND, Domchek SM| title=Meta-analysis of risk reduction estimates associated with risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy in BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carriers. | journal=J Natl Cancer Inst | year= 2009 | volume= 101 | issue= 2 | pages= 80-7 | pmid=19141781 | doi=10.1093/jnci/djn442 | pmc=2639318 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19141781 }} </ref>
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| ***[[Tamoxifen]]:
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| ****High risk women aged ≥35 years , 50% risk reduction,2 years until benefit <ref>Bernard Fisher, Joseph P. Costantino, D. Lawrence Wickerham, Carol K. Redmond, Maureen Kavanah, Walter M. Cronin, Victor Vogel, André Robidoux, Nikolay Dimitrov, James Atkins, Mary Daly, Samuel Wieand, Elizabeth Tan-Chiu, Leslie Ford, Norman Wolmark, other National Surgical Adjuvant Breast, Bowel Project Investigators; Tamoxifen for Prevention of Breast Cancer: Report of the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project P-1 Study, JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 90, Issue 18, 16 September 1998, Pages 1371–1388, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/90.18.1371</ref>
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| **[[Postmenopausal]] women
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| ***Alcohol intake:
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| ****≤1 serving/d,35% risk reduction, 5-10 years until benefit<ref name="pmid9480365" />
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| ***Healthy weight:
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| ****Weight loss For overweight and obese women> 145 lbs,50% risk reduction,2-5 years until benefit<ref name="pmid16835425" />
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| ***Physical activity:
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| ****≥30 min/day for women not facing physical activity deadlines, 20% risk reduction, 10-20 years until benefit<ref name="pmid16288120" />
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| ***Avoid estrogen and progestin postmenopausal hormone therapy<ref name="pmid24647877">{{cite journal| author=Colditz GA, Bohlke K| title=Priorities for the primary prevention of breast cancer. | journal=CA Cancer J Clin | year= 2014 | volume= 64 | issue= 3 | pages= 186-94 | pmid=24647877 | doi=10.3322/caac.21225 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24647877 }} </ref>
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| ****10% risk reduction for current users, 1 year until benefit
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| ****50% risk reduction for current users, 2 years until benefit
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| ***[[Tamoxifen]] and raloxifen:
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| ****For high risk women with greater than or equal risk for average woman aged 60 years,50% risk reduction, 2 years until benefit<ref name="pmid23835710">{{cite journal| author=Visvanathan K, Hurley P, Bantug E, Brown P, Col NF, Cuzick J et al.| title=Use of pharmacologic interventions for breast cancer risk reduction: American Society of Clinical Oncology clinical practice guideline. | journal=J Clin Oncol | year= 2013 | volume= 31 | issue= 23 | pages= 2942-62 | pmid=23835710 | doi=10.1200/JCO.2013.49.3122 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23835710 }} </ref>
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| ==References== | | ==References== |
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| {{WikiDoc Sources}} | | {{WikiDoc Sources}} |
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| [[Category:primary care]]
| | [[Category:Up-To-Date]] |
| [[Category:Disease]]
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| [[Category:Musculoskeletal Disease]]
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| [[Category:Physical examination]]
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| [[Category:Needs content]]
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| [[Category:Up-To-Date]]
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| [[Category:Oncology]] | | [[Category:Oncology]] |
| [[Category:Medicine]]
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| [[Category:Gynecology]] | | [[Category:Gynecology]] |
| [[Category:Surgery]] | | [[Category:Surgery]] |