Brucella: Difference between revisions

Brucella
	;
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Bacteria;
Phylum:	Proteobacteria;
Class:	Alpha Proteobacteria;
Order:	Rhizobiales;
Family:	Brucellaceae;
Genus:	Brucella;
Species
	B. abortus; B. canis; B. melitensis; B. neotomae; B. ovis; B. suis;

	Brucellosis Microchapters
Home
Patient Information
Overview
Historical Perspective
Pathophysiology
Causes
Differentiating Brucellosis from other Diseases
Epidemiology and Demographics
Risk Factors
Screening
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
Diagnosis
Principles of diagnosis
History and Symptoms
Physical Examination
Laboratory Findings
X-Ray
CT Scan
MRI
Other Diagnostic Studies
Treatment
Medical Therapy
Primary Prevention
Secondary Prevention
Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy
Future or Investigational Therapies
Case Studies
Case #1
Brucella On the Web
Most recent articles
Most cited articles
Review articles
CME Programs
Powerpoint slides
Images
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Brucella All Images X-rays Echo & Ultrasound CT Images MRI
Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov
US National Guidelines Clearinghouse
NICE Guidance
FDA on Brucella
CDC on Brucella
Brucella in the news
Blogs on Brucella
Directions to Hospitals Treating Brucellosis
Risk calculators and risk factors for Brucella

VisualWikitext

Latest revision as of 20:44, 29 July 2020

This page is about microbiologic aspects of the organism(s). For clinical aspects of the disease, see brucellosis.

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Danitza Lukac, Vishal Devarkonda, M.B.B.S [2]

Overview

Human brucellosis is caused by four Brucellae species: B. abortus, B. canis, B. melitensis, and B. suis.^[1]

Causes

Brucella is a genus of gram-negative bacteria.^[2]They are small (0.5 to 0.7 by 0.6 to 1.5 µm), non-motile and encapsulated coccobacilli.

Brucella species

Brucella species have been found primarily in mammals. ^[3] Brucellla species, with their host and degree of virulence is described below:^[4]


Species	Host	Human Virulence
B. melitensis	Goats, sheep, cattle, buffaloes, dogs and camels	++++
B. abortus	Cattle, buffaloes, bison, dogs, elk, and horses	++/+++
B. canis	Dogs	+
B. suis	Pigs and sheep	+
B. ovis	Sheep	-

Tests to differentiate brucella species

Following tests may be used to differentiate between the different species of brucella.^[5]


Test	B. melitensis	B. abortus	B. suis	B. ovis	B. canis
Need to CO2	-	+	-	+	-
Production of H2S	-	+	+	-	-
Growth on basic fushin 0.002%	+	+	-	+	-
Growth on thionin 0.004%	-	-	+	+	+
Growth on thionin 0.002%	+	-	+	+	+
Destroy with Tb phage	-	+	-	-	-

References

↑ "WHO" (PDF).
↑ Ryan KJ, Ray CG (editors) (2004). Sherris Medical Microbiology (4th ed. ed.). McGraw Hill. ISBN 0-8385-8529-9.
↑ Pappas G, Akritidis N, Bosilkovski M, Tsianos E (2005). "Brucellosis". N Engl J Med. 352 (22): 2325–36. doi:10.1056/NEJMra050570. PMID 15930423.
↑ "WHO" (PDF).
↑ "WHO" (PDF).

[1] "WHO" (PDF).

[Sherris-2] Ryan KJ, Ray CG (editors) (2004). Sherris Medical Microbiology (4th ed. ed.). McGraw Hill. ISBN 0-8385-8529-9.

[pmid15930423-3] Pappas G, Akritidis N, Bosilkovski M, Tsianos E (2005). "Brucellosis". N Engl J Med. 352 (22): 2325–36. doi:10.1056/NEJMra050570. PMID 15930423.

[4] "WHO" (PDF).

[5] "WHO" (PDF).

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

@@ Line 21: / Line 21: @@
 __NOTOC__
 {{About0|brucellosis}}
-{{CMG}} {{AE}} {{DL}} {{VD}}
+{{CMG}} {{AE}} {{DL}}, {{VD}}
 ==Overview==
-Human brucellosis is caused by four [[Brucella|Brucellae]] species: [[Brucella abortus|''B. abortus'']], [[Brucella canis|''B. canis'']], [[Brucella melitensis|''B. melitensis'']], and ''B. suis''.<ref name="aba">Brucella. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brucella#Characteristics. Accessed on February 2, 2016</ref>
+Human brucellosis is caused by four [[Brucella|Brucellae]] species: [[Brucella abortus|''B. abortus'']], [[Brucella canis|''B. canis'']], [[Brucella melitensis|''B. melitensis'']], and ''B. suis''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/Brucellosis.pdf|title=WHO|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref>
 ==Causes==
-*'''''[[Brucella]]''''' is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria.<ref name="Sherris">{{cite book | author = Ryan KJ, Ray CG (editors) | title = Sherris Medical Microbiology | edition = 4th ed. | publisher = McGraw Hill | year = 2004 | isbn = 0-8385-8529-9 }}</ref> They are small (0.5 to 0.7 by 0.6 to 1.5 µm), non-motile, encapsulated coccobacilli.
+*'''''[[Brucella]]''''' is a genus of [[gram-negative bacteria]].<ref name="Sherris">{{cite book | author = Ryan KJ, Ray CG (editors) | title = Sherris Medical Microbiology | edition = 4th ed. | publisher = McGraw Hill | year = 2004 | isbn = 0-8385-8529-9 }}</ref>They are small (0.5 to 0.7 by 0.6 to 1.5 µm), non-motile and encapsulated [[coccobacilli]].
-*''[[Brucella]]'' is the cause of brucellosis, a true zoonotic disease (i.e. human-to-human transmission has not been identified).<ref name="Sherris" />
-*It is transmitted by ingesting infected food, direct contact with an infected animal, or inhalation of aerosols.
-*Minimum infectious exposure is between 10 - 100 organisms.
-*Brucellosis primarily occurs through occupational exposure (e.g. exposure to cattle, sheep, pigs), but also by consumption of unpasteurised milk products.
-*Four species infect humans: [[Brucella abortus|''B. abortus'']], [[Brucella canis|''B. canis'']], [[Brucella melitensis|''B. melitensis'']], and ''B. suis''.
-**[[Brucella abortus|''B. abortus'']], is less virulent than [[Brucella melitensis|''B. melitensis'']] and is primarily a disease of cattle.
-**[[Brucella canis|''B. canis'']] affects dogs.
-**[[Brucella melitensis|''B. melitensis'']] is the most virulent and invasive species; it usually infects goats and occasionally sheep.
-**''B. suis'' is of intermediate virulence and chiefly infects pigs.
-''[[Brucella]]'' species have been found primarily in mammals:
+=== Brucella species ===
+''[[Brucella]]'' species have been found primarily in mammals. <ref name="pmid15930423">{{cite journal| author=Pappas G, Akritidis N, Bosilkovski M, Tsianos E| title=Brucellosis. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2005 | volume= 352 | issue= 22 | pages= 2325-36 | pmid=15930423 | doi=10.1056/NEJMra050570 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15930423  }} </ref> Brucellla species, with their host and degree of virulence is described below:<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/Brucellosis.pdf|title=WHO|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref>
 {| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px;" align="center"
-|+ '''Brucellae Species, Host and Human Virulente'''<ref name="aba">Brucella. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brucella#Characteristics. Accessed on February 2, 2016</ref><ref name="pmid15930423">{{cite journal| author=Pappas G, Akritidis N, Bosilkovski M, Tsianos E| title=Brucellosis. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2005 | volume= 352 | issue= 22 | pages= 2325-36 | pmid=15930423 | doi=10.1056/NEJMra050570 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15930423  }} </ref>
+|+
 ! style="width: 180px;background: #4479BA" |{{fontcolor|#FFF| Species}}
 ! style="width: 120px;background: #4479BA" |{{fontcolor|#FFF| Host}}
@@ Line 46: / Line 38: @@
 |-
 | style="width: 120px;font-weight: bold;background: #DCDCDC" | ''B. melitensis''
-| style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | Goats, sheep
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | Goats, sheep, cattle, buffaloes, dogs and camels
 | style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | ++++
 |-
 | style="width: 120px;font-weight: bold;background: #DCDCDC" | ''B. abortus''
-| style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | Cattle
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | Cattle, buffaloes, bison, dogs, elk, and horses
 | style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | ++/+++
 |-
@@ Line 58: / Line 50: @@
 |-
 | style="width: 120px;font-weight: bold;background: #DCDCDC" | ''B. suis''
-| style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | Pigs
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | Pigs and sheep
 | style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | +
 |-
@@ Line 64: / Line 56: @@
 | style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | Sheep
 | style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | -
-|-
-| style="width: 120px;font-weight: bold;background: #DCDCDC" |''B. neotomae''
-| style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | Desert woodrat
-| style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | -
-|-
-| style="width: 120px;font-weight: bold;background: #DCDCDC" |''B. pinnipedialis''
-| style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | Seal
-| style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | +
-|-
-| style="width: 120px;font-weight: bold;background: #DCDCDC" |''B. ceti''
-| style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | Dolphin, porpoise, whale
-| style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | +
-|-
-| style="width: 120px;font-weight: bold;background: #DCDCDC" |''B. microti''
-| style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | Common vole
-| style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | N/A
-|-
-| style="width: 120px;font-weight: bold;background: #DCDCDC" |''B. inopinata''
-| style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | Unknown
-| style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | N/A
-|-
-| style="width: 120px;font-weight: bold;background: #DCDCDC" |''Brucella sp. NVSL 07-0026''
-| style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | Baboon
-| style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | N/A
 |-
 |}
-[[Oxidase test|Oxidase]] and [[Catalase test|catalase tests]] are positive for most members of the genus [[Brucella|''Brucella'']]:
+=== Tests to differentiate brucella species ===
+Following tests may be used to differentiate between the different species of brucella.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/Brucellosis.pdf|title=WHO|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref>
 {| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px;" align="center"
-|+ '''Brucellae Species and Host'''<ref name="aba">Brucella. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brucella#Characteristics. Accessed on February 2, 2016</ref>
+|+
 ! style="width: 180px;background: #4479BA" |{{fontcolor|#FFF| Test}}
 ! style="width: 120px;background: #4479BA" |{{fontcolor|#FFF| ''B. melitensis'' }}
 ! style="width: 120px;background: #4479BA" |{{fontcolor|#FFF| ''B. abortus'' }}
 ! style="width: 120px;background: #4479BA" |{{fontcolor|#FFF| ''B. suis'' }}
-! style="width: 120px;background: #4479BA" |{{fontcolor|#FFF| ''B. neotomae'' }}
 ! style="width: 120px;background: #4479BA" |{{fontcolor|#FFF| ''B. ovis'' }}
 ! style="width: 120px;background: #4479BA" |{{fontcolor|#FFF| ''B. canis'' }}
@@ Line 105: / Line 73: @@
 | style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | -
 | style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | +
-| style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | -
 | style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | -
 | style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | +
@@ Line 112: / Line 79: @@
 | style="width: 120px;font-weight: bold;background: #DCDCDC" | Production of H2S
 | style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | -
-| style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | +
 | style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | +
 | style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | +
@@ Line 121: / Line 87: @@
 | style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | +
 | style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | +
-| style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | -
 | style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | -
 | style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | +
@@ Line 130: / Line 95: @@
 | style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | -
 | style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | +
-| style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | -
 | style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | +
 | style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | +
@@ Line 137: / Line 101: @@
 | style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | +
 | style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | -
-| style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | +
 | style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | +
 | style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | +
@@ Line 145: / Line 108: @@
 | style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | -
 | style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | +
-| style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | -
 | style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | -
 | style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | -
@@ Line 155: / Line 117: @@
 {{reflist|2}}
-[[Category:Rhizobiales]]
+[[Category:Disease]]
-[[Category:Gram negative bacteria]]
+[[Category:Up-To-Date]]
-[[Category:Infectious Disease Project]]
+[[Category:Pulmonology]]
+[[Category:Hepatology]]
+[[Category:Rheumatology]]
+[[Category:Nephrology]]