Brucella: Difference between revisions

Brucella
	;
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Bacteria;
Phylum:	Proteobacteria;
Class:	Alpha Proteobacteria;
Order:	Rhizobiales;
Family:	Brucellaceae;
Genus:	Brucella;
Species
	B. abortus; B. canis; B. melitensis; B. neotomae; B. ovis; B. suis;

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VisualWikitext

Latest revision as of 20:44, 29 July 2020

This page is about microbiologic aspects of the organism(s). For clinical aspects of the disease, see brucellosis.

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Danitza Lukac, Vishal Devarkonda, M.B.B.S [2]

Overview

Human brucellosis is caused by four Brucellae species: B. abortus, B. canis, B. melitensis, and B. suis.^[1]

Causes

Brucella is a genus of gram-negative bacteria.^[2]They are small (0.5 to 0.7 by 0.6 to 1.5 µm), non-motile and encapsulated coccobacilli.

Brucella species

Brucella species have been found primarily in mammals. ^[3] Brucellla species, with their host and degree of virulence is described below:^[4]


Species	Host	Human Virulence
B. melitensis	Goats, sheep, cattle, buffaloes, dogs and camels	++++
B. abortus	Cattle, buffaloes, bison, dogs, elk, and horses	++/+++
B. canis	Dogs	+
B. suis	Pigs and sheep	+
B. ovis	Sheep	-

Tests to differentiate brucella species

Following tests may be used to differentiate between the different species of brucella.^[5]


Test	B. melitensis	B. abortus	B. suis	B. ovis	B. canis
Need to CO2	-	+	-	+	-
Production of H2S	-	+	+	-	-
Growth on basic fushin 0.002%	+	+	-	+	-
Growth on thionin 0.004%	-	-	+	+	+
Growth on thionin 0.002%	+	-	+	+	+
Destroy with Tb phage	-	+	-	-	-

References

↑ "WHO" (PDF).
↑ Ryan KJ, Ray CG (editors) (2004). Sherris Medical Microbiology (4th ed. ed.). McGraw Hill. ISBN 0-8385-8529-9.
↑ Pappas G, Akritidis N, Bosilkovski M, Tsianos E (2005). "Brucellosis". N Engl J Med. 352 (22): 2325–36. doi:10.1056/NEJMra050570. PMID 15930423.
↑ "WHO" (PDF).
↑ "WHO" (PDF).

[1] "WHO" (PDF).

[Sherris-2] Ryan KJ, Ray CG (editors) (2004). Sherris Medical Microbiology (4th ed. ed.). McGraw Hill. ISBN 0-8385-8529-9.

[pmid15930423-3] Pappas G, Akritidis N, Bosilkovski M, Tsianos E (2005). "Brucellosis". N Engl J Med. 352 (22): 2325–36. doi:10.1056/NEJMra050570. PMID 15930423.

[4] "WHO" (PDF).

[5] "WHO" (PDF).

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

@@ Line 24: / Line 24: @@
 ==Overview==
-Human brucellosis is caused by four [[Brucella|Brucellae]] species: [[Brucella abortus|''B. abortus'']], [[Brucella canis|''B. canis'']], [[Brucella melitensis|''B. melitensis'']], and ''B. suis''.<ref name="aba">Brucella. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brucella#Characteristics. Accessed on February 2, 2016</ref>
+Human brucellosis is caused by four [[Brucella|Brucellae]] species: [[Brucella abortus|''B. abortus'']], [[Brucella canis|''B. canis'']], [[Brucella melitensis|''B. melitensis'']], and ''B. suis''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/Brucellosis.pdf|title=WHO|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref>
 ==Causes==
-*'''''[[Brucella]]''''' is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria.<ref name="Sherris">{{cite book | author = Ryan KJ, Ray CG (editors) | title = Sherris Medical Microbiology | edition = 4th ed. | publisher = McGraw Hill | year = 2004 | isbn = 0-8385-8529-9 }}</ref> They are small (0.5 to 0.7 by 0.6 to 1.5 µm), non-motile, encapsulated coccobacilli.
+*'''''[[Brucella]]''''' is a genus of [[gram-negative bacteria]].<ref name="Sherris">{{cite book | author = Ryan KJ, Ray CG (editors) | title = Sherris Medical Microbiology | edition = 4th ed. | publisher = McGraw Hill | year = 2004 | isbn = 0-8385-8529-9 }}</ref>They are small (0.5 to 0.7 by 0.6 to 1.5 µm), non-motile and encapsulated [[coccobacilli]].
-*''[[Brucella]]'' is the cause of brucellosis, a true zoonotic disease (i.e. human-to-human transmission has not been identified).<ref name="Sherris" />
-*It is transmitted by ingesting infected food, direct contact with an infected animal, or inhalation of aerosols.
-*Minimum infectious exposure is between 10 - 100 organisms.
-*Brucellosis primarily occurs through occupational exposure (e.g. exposure to cattle, sheep, pigs), but also by consumption of unpasteurised milk products.
-*Four species infect humans: [[Brucella abortus|''B. abortus'']], [[Brucella canis|''B. canis'']], [[Brucella melitensis|''B. melitensis'']], and ''B. suis''.
-**[[Brucella abortus|''B. abortus'']], is less virulent than [[Brucella melitensis|''B. melitensis'']] and is primarily a disease of cattle.
-**[[Brucella canis|''B. canis'']] affects dogs.
-**[[Brucella melitensis|''B. melitensis'']] is the most virulent and invasive species; it usually infects goats and occasionally sheep.
-**''B. suis'' is of intermediate virulence and chiefly infects pigs.
-''[[Brucella]]'' species have been found primarily in mammals:
+=== Brucella species ===
+''[[Brucella]]'' species have been found primarily in mammals. <ref name="pmid15930423">{{cite journal| author=Pappas G, Akritidis N, Bosilkovski M, Tsianos E| title=Brucellosis. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2005 | volume= 352 | issue= 22 | pages= 2325-36 | pmid=15930423 | doi=10.1056/NEJMra050570 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15930423  }} </ref> Brucellla species, with their host and degree of virulence is described below:<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/Brucellosis.pdf|title=WHO|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref>
 {| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px;" align="center"
-|+ '''Brucellae Species, Host and Human Virulente'''<ref name="aba">Brucella. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brucella#Characteristics. Accessed on February 2, 2016</ref><ref name="pmid15930423">{{cite journal| author=Pappas G, Akritidis N, Bosilkovski M, Tsianos E| title=Brucellosis. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2005 | volume= 352 | issue= 22 | pages= 2325-36 | pmid=15930423 | doi=10.1056/NEJMra050570 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15930423  }} </ref>
+|+
 ! style="width: 180px;background: #4479BA" |{{fontcolor|#FFF| Species}}
 ! style="width: 120px;background: #4479BA" |{{fontcolor|#FFF| Host}}
@@ Line 46: / Line 38: @@
 |-
 | style="width: 120px;font-weight: bold;background: #DCDCDC" | ''B. melitensis''
-| style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | Goats, sheep
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | Goats, sheep, cattle, buffaloes, dogs and camels
 | style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | ++++
 |-
 | style="width: 120px;font-weight: bold;background: #DCDCDC" | ''B. abortus''
-| style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | Cattle
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | Cattle, buffaloes, bison, dogs, elk, and horses
 | style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | ++/+++
 |-
@@ Line 58: / Line 50: @@
 |-
 | style="width: 120px;font-weight: bold;background: #DCDCDC" | ''B. suis''
-| style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | Pigs
+| style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | Pigs and sheep
 | style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | +
 |-
@@ Line 64: / Line 56: @@
 | style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | Sheep
 | style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | -
-|-
-| style="width: 120px;font-weight: bold;background: #DCDCDC" |''B. neotomae''
-| style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | Desert woodrat
-| style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | -
-|-
-| style="width: 120px;font-weight: bold;background: #DCDCDC" |''B. pinnipedialis''
-| style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | Seal
-| style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | +
-|-
-| style="width: 120px;font-weight: bold;background: #DCDCDC" |''B. ceti''
-| style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | Dolphin, porpoise, whale
-| style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | +
-|-
-| style="width: 120px;font-weight: bold;background: #DCDCDC" |''B. microti''
-| style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | Common vole
-| style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | N/A
-|-
-| style="width: 120px;font-weight: bold;background: #DCDCDC" |''B. inopinata''
-| style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | Unknown
-| style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | N/A
-|-
-| style="width: 120px;font-weight: bold;background: #DCDCDC" |''Brucella sp. NVSL 07-0026''
-| style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | Baboon
-| style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | N/A
 |-
 |}
-[[Oxidase test|Oxidase]] and [[Catalase test|catalase tests]] are positive for most members of the genus [[Brucella|''Brucella'']]:
+=== Tests to differentiate brucella species ===
+Following tests may be used to differentiate between the different species of brucella.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/Brucellosis.pdf|title=WHO|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref>
 {| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px;" align="center"
-|+ '''Brucellae Species and Host'''<ref name="aba">Brucella. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brucella#Characteristics. Accessed on February 2, 2016</ref>
+|+
 ! style="width: 180px;background: #4479BA" |{{fontcolor|#FFF| Test}}
 ! style="width: 120px;background: #4479BA" |{{fontcolor|#FFF| ''B. melitensis'' }}
 ! style="width: 120px;background: #4479BA" |{{fontcolor|#FFF| ''B. abortus'' }}
 ! style="width: 120px;background: #4479BA" |{{fontcolor|#FFF| ''B. suis'' }}
-! style="width: 120px;background: #4479BA" |{{fontcolor|#FFF| ''B. neotomae'' }}
 ! style="width: 120px;background: #4479BA" |{{fontcolor|#FFF| ''B. ovis'' }}
 ! style="width: 120px;background: #4479BA" |{{fontcolor|#FFF| ''B. canis'' }}
@@ Line 105: / Line 73: @@
 | style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | -
 | style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | +
-| style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | -
 | style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | -
 | style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | +
@@ Line 112: / Line 79: @@
 | style="width: 120px;font-weight: bold;background: #DCDCDC" | Production of H2S
 | style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | -
-| style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | +
 | style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | +
 | style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | +
@@ Line 121: / Line 87: @@
 | style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | +
 | style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | +
-| style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | -
 | style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | -
 | style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | +
@@ Line 130: / Line 95: @@
 | style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | -
 | style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | +
-| style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | -
 | style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | +
 | style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | +
@@ Line 137: / Line 101: @@
 | style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | +
 | style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | -
-| style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | +
 | style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | +
 | style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | +
@@ Line 145: / Line 108: @@
 | style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | -
 | style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | +
-| style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | -
 | style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | -
 | style="background: #F5F5F5; text-align:center" | -
@@ Line 155: / Line 117: @@
 {{reflist|2}}
-[[Category:Rhizobiales]]
+[[Category:Disease]]
-[[Category:Gram negative bacteria]]
+[[Category:Up-To-Date]]
-[[Category:Infectious Disease Project]]
+[[Category:Pulmonology]]
+[[Category:Hepatology]]
+[[Category:Rheumatology]]
+[[Category:Nephrology]]