Cholera physical examination: Difference between revisions
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__NOTOC__ | |||
{{Cholera}} | {{Cholera}} | ||
{{CMG}}; '''Associate Editors-In-Chief:''' [[Priyamvada Singh|Priyamvada Singh, MBBS]] [mailto:psingh13579@gmail.com] | |||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Signs of cholera on physical examination depend on the patient's level of [[dehydration]]. Cholera patients may present with [[tachycardia]], [[postural hypotension]], [[somnolence]], dry mucous membrane, sunken eyes, and/or [[oliguria]]. If severe [[diarrhea]] and [[vomiting]] are not aggressively treated, they can, within hours, result in life-threatening [[dehydration]] and [[electrolyte imbalance|electrolyte imbalances]]. The typical symptoms of [[dehydration]] include [[dizziness]] (due to low [[blood pressure]]), wrinkled hands (due to poor skin turgor), sunken eyes, [[muscle cramps]] (due to hypokalemia), and [[oliguria|decreased urine output]]. | |||
==Physical | ==Physical Examination== | ||
The | The presentation of [[cholera]] upon physical examination depends on the patient's level of [[dehydration]]. | ||
===Vitals=== | |||
* | * [[Weak (thready) pulse|Weak or absent pulse]]; [[tachycardia]] | ||
* | * [[Postural hypotension]] | ||
* Somnolence and coma | ===Appearance of the Patient=== | ||
* Dry mucous membrane | * [[Somnolence]] and [[coma]] | ||
* Dry mucous membrane | |||
===Skin=== | |||
* Wrinkled skin | |||
===Eyes=== | |||
* Sunken eyes | * Sunken eyes | ||
==Assessment of | ==Assessment of Dehydration== | ||
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="center" class="sortable" | {| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="center" class="sortable" | ||
|+ | |+ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Mental status | ! Mental status | ||
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! Conclusions | ! Conclusions | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Normal, | | Normal, alert | ||
| Normal, hydrated | | Normal, hydrated | ||
| Normal | | Normal | ||
| Goes down quickly (spontaneously) | | Goes down quickly (spontaneously) | ||
| No / Mild dehydration | | No / [[Dehydration|Mild dehydration]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Irritable | | Irritable | ||
| Line 36: | Line 39: | ||
| Drink eagerly | | Drink eagerly | ||
| Goes back slowly (< 2 sec) | | Goes back slowly (< 2 sec) | ||
| Some / Moderate dehydration (in case if 2 of the symptoms are present) | | Some / [[Dehydration|Moderate dehydration]] (in case if 2 of the symptoms are present) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Severe | | Severe | ||
| Line 42: | Line 45: | ||
| Drinks poorly | | Drinks poorly | ||
| Goes back slowly (> 2 sec) | | Goes back slowly (> 2 sec) | ||
| Severe dehydration (in case if 2 of the symptoms are present) | | [[Severe dehydration]] (in case if 2 of the symptoms are present) | ||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
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==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
{{WikiDoc Help Menu}} | {{WikiDoc Help Menu}} | ||
{{WikiDoc Sources}} | {{WikiDoc Sources}} | ||
[[Category:Gastroenterology]] | |||
[[Category:Emergency medicine]] | |||
[[Category:Disease]] | |||
[[Category:Up-To-Date]] | |||
[[Category:Infectious disease]] | |||
[[Category:Pediatrics]] | |||
Latest revision as of 20:55, 29 July 2020
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Cholera Microchapters |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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Case Studies |
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Cholera physical examination On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Cholera physical examination |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Cholera physical examination |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editors-In-Chief: Priyamvada Singh, MBBS [2]
Overview
Signs of cholera on physical examination depend on the patient's level of dehydration. Cholera patients may present with tachycardia, postural hypotension, somnolence, dry mucous membrane, sunken eyes, and/or oliguria. If severe diarrhea and vomiting are not aggressively treated, they can, within hours, result in life-threatening dehydration and electrolyte imbalances. The typical symptoms of dehydration include dizziness (due to low blood pressure), wrinkled hands (due to poor skin turgor), sunken eyes, muscle cramps (due to hypokalemia), and decreased urine output.
Physical Examination
The presentation of cholera upon physical examination depends on the patient's level of dehydration.
Vitals
Appearance of the Patient
- Somnolence and coma
- Dry mucous membrane
Skin
- Wrinkled skin
Eyes
- Sunken eyes
Assessment of Dehydration
| Mental status | Eyes | Thirst | Skin pinch | Conclusions |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Normal, alert | Normal, hydrated | Normal | Goes down quickly (spontaneously) | No / Mild dehydration |
| Irritable | Sunken | Drink eagerly | Goes back slowly (< 2 sec) | Some / Moderate dehydration (in case if 2 of the symptoms are present) |
| Severe | Sunken | Drinks poorly | Goes back slowly (> 2 sec) | Severe dehydration (in case if 2 of the symptoms are present) |
References