Cluster headache (patient information): Difference between revisions
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{{Cluster | {{Cluster headache (patient information)}} | ||
For the WikiDoc page for this topic, click [[Cluster Headache|here]] | '''For the WikiDoc page for this topic, click [[Cluster Headache|here]]''' | ||
{{CMG}} {{AE}} {{SME}} | {{CMG}} {{AE}} {{SME}} | ||
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A cluster headache is one-sided head pain that may involve tearing of the eyes and a stuffy nose. Attacks occur regularly for 1 week to 1 year, separated by long pain-free periods that last at least 1 month, possibly longer. | A cluster headache is one-sided head pain that may involve tearing of the eyes and a stuffy nose. Attacks occur regularly for 1 week to 1 year, separated by long pain-free periods that last at least 1 month, possibly longer. | ||
Other common types of headaches include migraine headache and tension headache . | Other common types of headaches include [[migraine]] headache and [[tension headache]] . | ||
==What are the symptoms of | ==What are the symptoms of a cluster headache?== | ||
A cluster headache begins as a severe, sudden headache. The headache most commonly strikes 2 to 3 hours after you fall asleep. However, the headache may occur while you are awake. The headache tends to occur at the same time of day. | A cluster headache begins as a severe, sudden headache. The headache most commonly strikes 2 to 3 hours after you fall asleep. However, the headache may occur while you are awake. The headache tends to occur at the same time of day. | ||
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* Sharp | * Sharp | ||
* Steady | * Steady | ||
The pain may occur in, behind, and around one eye. It may: | The pain may occur in, behind, and around one eye. It may: | ||
* Involve one side of the face from neck to temples | * Involve one side of the face from neck to [[temples]] | ||
* Quickly get worse, peaking within 5 to 10 minutes | * Quickly get worse, peaking within 5 to 10 minutes | ||
The strongest pain may last 30 minutes to 2 hours. | The strongest pain may last 30 minutes to 2 hours. | ||
The eye and nose on the same side as the head pain may also be affected. Symptoms can include: | The eye and nose on the same side as the head pain may also be affected. Symptoms can include: | ||
* Swelling under or around the eye (may affect both eyes) | * [[Swelling]] under or around the eye (may affect both eyes) | ||
* Excessive tearing | * Excessive tearing | ||
* Red eye | * [[Red eye]] | ||
* Rhinorrhea (runny nose) or one-sided stuffy nose (same side as the head pain) | * [[Rhinorrhea]] (runny nose) or one-sided stuffy nose (same side as the head pain) | ||
* Red, flushed face | * Red, flushed face | ||
Cluster headaches may occur daily for months, alternating with periods without headaches (episodic), or they can recur for a year or more without stopping (chronic). | Cluster headaches may occur daily for months, alternating with periods without headaches (episodic), or they can recur for a year or more without stopping (chronic). | ||
==What causes | ==What causes a cluster headache?== | ||
Cluster headaches are a fairly common form of chronic, repeated headaches. They are four times more common in men than women. The headaches can occur at any age but are most common in adolescence and middle age. They tend to run in families, passed down through genes. | Cluster headaches are a fairly common form of [[chronic]], repeated headaches. They are four times more common in men than women. The headaches can occur at any age but are most common in [[adolescence]] and middle age. They tend to run in families, passed down through genes. | ||
Scientists do not know exactly what causes cluster headaches, but they appear to be related to the body's sudden release of histamine or serotonin. A problem in a small area at the base of the brain called the hypothalamus may be involved. | Scientists do not know exactly what causes cluster headaches, but they appear to be related to the body's sudden release of [[histamine]] or [[serotonin]]. A problem in a small area at the base of the [[brain]] called the [[hypothalamus]] may be involved. | ||
The following may trigger cluster attacks: | The following may trigger cluster attacks: | ||
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* Exertion | * Exertion | ||
* Heat (hot weather, hot baths) | * Heat (hot weather, hot baths) | ||
* Foods high in nitrites (such as bacon and preserved meats) | * Foods high in [[nitrites]] (such as bacon and preserved meats) | ||
* Certain medications | * Certain medications | ||
* Cocaine | * [[Cocaine]] | ||
==Diagnosis== | ==Diagnosis== | ||
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Call for an appointment with your health care provider if: | Call for an appointment with your health care provider if: | ||
* Cluster headaches do not respond to treatment | * Cluster headaches do not respond to treatment | ||
* | * [[Headache]]s disturb your sleep | ||
* You get headaches whenever you are active | * You get headaches whenever you are active | ||
* | * [[Headache]]s occur with other symptoms | ||
Danger symptoms require immediate medical care. Some of these symptoms include: | Danger symptoms require immediate medical care. Some of these symptoms include: | ||
* Changes in alertness | * Changes in alertness | ||
* Changes in movement or sensation | * Changes in movement or sensation | ||
* Drowsiness | * [[Drowsiness]] | ||
* Nausea or vomiting | * [[Nausea]] or [[vomiting]] | ||
* | * [[Seizure]]s | ||
* Vision changes | * Vision changes | ||
==Treatment options== | ==Treatment options== | ||
Treatment for cluster headaches involves: | Treatment for cluster headaches involves: | ||
* Medicines to treat the pain when it happens | * Medicines to treat the pain when it happens | ||
* Medicines to prevent the headaches | * Medicines to prevent the headaches | ||
TREATING CLUSTER HEADACHES WHEN THEY OCCUR | TREATING CLUSTER HEADACHES WHEN THEY OCCUR | ||
Your doctor may recommend the following treatments for when the headaches occurs: | Your doctor may recommend the following treatments for when the headaches occurs: | ||
* Triptans, such as sumatriptan (Imitrex) | * Triptans, such as [[sumatriptan]] (Imitrex) | ||
* Anti-inflammatory (steroid) medicines such as prednisone -- starting with a high dose, then slowly decreasing it over 2-3 weeks | * Anti-inflammatory ([[steroid]]) medicines such as [[prednisone]] -- starting with a high dose, then slowly decreasing it over 2-3 weeks | ||
* Breathing in 100% (pure) oxygen | * [[Breathing]] in 100% (pure) oxygen | ||
* Injections of dihydroergotamine (DHE), which can stop cluster attacks within 5 minutes (Warning: this drug can be dangerous if taken with sumatriptan) | * Injections of [[dihydroergotamine]] (DHE), which can stop cluster attacks within 5 minutes (Warning: this drug can be dangerous if taken with sumatriptan) | ||
You may need more than one of these treatments to control headache symptoms. Your doctor may have you try several medications before deciding which works best for you. | You may need more than one of these treatments to control headache symptoms. Your doctor may have you try several medications before deciding which works best for you. | ||
Painkillers and narcotics do not usually relieve the pain from cluster headaches. Generally, they take too long to work. | Painkillers and [[narcotics]] do not usually relieve the pain from cluster headaches. Generally, they take too long to work. | ||
PREVENTING CLUSTER HEADACHES | PREVENTING CLUSTER HEADACHES | ||
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* About how long the headache lasted, and what made it stop. | * About how long the headache lasted, and what made it stop. | ||
* The headaches may go away on their own, or you may need treatment to prevent them. The following medications may also be used to treat or prevent headache symptoms: | * The headaches may go away on their own, or you may need treatment to prevent them. The following medications may also be used to treat or prevent headache symptoms: | ||
* Blood pressure medicines, such as beta-blockers (propanolol) or calcium channel blockers such as verapamil | * Blood pressure medicines, such as [[beta-blockers]] (propanolol) or [[calcium channel blockers]] such as verapamil | ||
* Cyproheptadine | * [[Cyproheptadine]] | ||
* Drugs used to treat seizures, such as topiramate and valproic acid | * Drugs used to treat [[seizures]], such as [[topiramate]] and [[valproic acid]] | ||
* Lithium carbonate | * [[Lithium]] carbonate | ||
* Medicines used to treat depression, such as amitriptyline | * Medicines used to treat depression, such as [[amitriptyline]] | ||
In rare cases, a device that delivers tiny electrical signals to a certain nerve near the brain may be placed. This device is called a neurostimulator. However, it is not yet an established therapy for cluster headaches. | In rare cases, a device that delivers tiny electrical signals to a certain nerve near the brain may be placed. This device is called a [[neurostimulator]]. However, it is not yet an established therapy for cluster headaches. | ||
==Where to find medical care for | ==Where to find medical care for a cluster headache?== | ||
[http://maps.google.com/maps?q={{urlencode:{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|map+top+hospital+Cluster Headache}}}}&oe=utf-8&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&client=firefox-a&um=1&ie=UTF-8&sa=N&hl=en&tab=wl Directions to Hospitals Treating Cluster Headache] | [http://maps.google.com/maps?q={{urlencode:{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|map+top+hospital+Cluster Headache}}}}&oe=utf-8&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&client=firefox-a&um=1&ie=UTF-8&sa=N&hl=en&tab=wl Directions to Hospitals Treating Cluster Headache] | ||
==Prevention== | ==Prevention== | ||
If prone to cluster headache, stop smoking. Alcohol use and any foods that are associated with cluster headache may need to be avoided. Medications may prevent cluster headaches in some cases. | If prone to cluster headache, stop [[smoking]]. Alcohol use and any foods that are associated with cluster headache may need to be avoided. Medications may prevent cluster headaches in some cases. | ||
==What to expect (Outlook/Prognosis)?== | ==What to expect (Outlook/Prognosis)?== | ||
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==Sources== | ==Sources== | ||
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000786.htm | http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000786.htm | ||
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{{WS}} | |||
[[Category: Patient information | [[Category:Patient information]] | ||
[[Category:Ailments of unknown etiology]] | [[Category:Ailments of unknown etiology]] | ||
[[Category:Headaches]] | [[Category:Headaches]] | ||
[[Category:Neurology]] | [[Category:Neurology]] | ||
[[Category:Vascular disorders]] | [[Category:Vascular disorders]] | ||
[[Category:Diseases]] | |||
[[Category:Diseases]] | |||
Latest revision as of 20:59, 29 July 2020
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Cluster headache |
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Cluster headache On the Web |
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headache searchButton.x=33&searchButton.y=6&action=search CDC on Cluster headache |
For the WikiDoc page for this topic, click here
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Saumya Easaw, M.B.B.S.[2]
Overview
A cluster headache is one-sided head pain that may involve tearing of the eyes and a stuffy nose. Attacks occur regularly for 1 week to 1 year, separated by long pain-free periods that last at least 1 month, possibly longer.
Other common types of headaches include migraine headache and tension headache .
What are the symptoms of a cluster headache?
A cluster headache begins as a severe, sudden headache. The headache most commonly strikes 2 to 3 hours after you fall asleep. However, the headache may occur while you are awake. The headache tends to occur at the same time of day.
The pain occurs on one side of the head. It may be described as:
- Burning
- Sharp
- Steady
The pain may occur in, behind, and around one eye. It may:
- Involve one side of the face from neck to temples
- Quickly get worse, peaking within 5 to 10 minutes
The strongest pain may last 30 minutes to 2 hours.
The eye and nose on the same side as the head pain may also be affected. Symptoms can include:
- Swelling under or around the eye (may affect both eyes)
- Excessive tearing
- Red eye
- Rhinorrhea (runny nose) or one-sided stuffy nose (same side as the head pain)
- Red, flushed face
Cluster headaches may occur daily for months, alternating with periods without headaches (episodic), or they can recur for a year or more without stopping (chronic).
What causes a cluster headache?
Cluster headaches are a fairly common form of chronic, repeated headaches. They are four times more common in men than women. The headaches can occur at any age but are most common in adolescence and middle age. They tend to run in families, passed down through genes.
Scientists do not know exactly what causes cluster headaches, but they appear to be related to the body's sudden release of histamine or serotonin. A problem in a small area at the base of the brain called the hypothalamus may be involved.
The following may trigger cluster attacks:
- Alcohol and cigarette smoking
- High altitudes (trekking, air travel)
- Bright light (including sunlight)
- Exertion
- Heat (hot weather, hot baths)
- Foods high in nitrites (such as bacon and preserved meats)
- Certain medications
- Cocaine
Diagnosis
Your health care provider can diagnose this type of headache by performing a physical exam and asking questions about your symptoms and medical history.
If a physical exam is done during an attack, the exam will usually reveal Horner syndrome (one-sided eyelid drooping or a small pupil). These symptoms will not be present at other times. No other nervous system (neurological) changes will be seen.
Tests, such as an MRI of the head, may be needed to rule out other causes of the headaches.
When to seek urgent medical care?
Call for an appointment with your health care provider if:
- Cluster headaches do not respond to treatment
- Headaches disturb your sleep
- You get headaches whenever you are active
- Headaches occur with other symptoms
Danger symptoms require immediate medical care. Some of these symptoms include:
- Changes in alertness
- Changes in movement or sensation
- Drowsiness
- Nausea or vomiting
- Seizures
- Vision changes
Treatment options
Treatment for cluster headaches involves:
- Medicines to treat the pain when it happens
- Medicines to prevent the headaches
TREATING CLUSTER HEADACHES WHEN THEY OCCUR
Your doctor may recommend the following treatments for when the headaches occurs:
- Triptans, such as sumatriptan (Imitrex)
- Anti-inflammatory (steroid) medicines such as prednisone -- starting with a high dose, then slowly decreasing it over 2-3 weeks
- Breathing in 100% (pure) oxygen
- Injections of dihydroergotamine (DHE), which can stop cluster attacks within 5 minutes (Warning: this drug can be dangerous if taken with sumatriptan)
You may need more than one of these treatments to control headache symptoms. Your doctor may have you try several medications before deciding which works best for you.
Painkillers and narcotics do not usually relieve the pain from cluster headaches. Generally, they take too long to work.
PREVENTING CLUSTER HEADACHES
- Avoid smoking, alcohol use, certain foods, and other factors that seem to trigger your cluster headaches. A headache diary can help you identify your headache triggers. When you get a headache, write down the day and time the pain began. The diary should include notes about:
- What you ate and drank in the last 24 hours, how much you slept and when, and what was going on in your life right before the pain started. For example, were you under any unusual stress?
- About how long the headache lasted, and what made it stop.
- The headaches may go away on their own, or you may need treatment to prevent them. The following medications may also be used to treat or prevent headache symptoms:
- Blood pressure medicines, such as beta-blockers (propanolol) or calcium channel blockers such as verapamil
- Cyproheptadine
- Drugs used to treat seizures, such as topiramate and valproic acid
- Lithium carbonate
- Medicines used to treat depression, such as amitriptyline
In rare cases, a device that delivers tiny electrical signals to a certain nerve near the brain may be placed. This device is called a neurostimulator. However, it is not yet an established therapy for cluster headaches.
Where to find medical care for a cluster headache?
Directions to Hospitals Treating Cluster Headache
Prevention
If prone to cluster headache, stop smoking. Alcohol use and any foods that are associated with cluster headache may need to be avoided. Medications may prevent cluster headaches in some cases.
What to expect (Outlook/Prognosis)?
If prone to cluster headache, stop smoking. Alcohol use and any foods that are associated with cluster headache may need to be avoided. Medications may prevent cluster headaches in some cases.
Sources
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000786.htm Template:WH Template:WS