Conjunctivitis other diagnostic studies: Difference between revisions
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===Viral Conjunctivitis=== | ===Viral Conjunctivitis=== | ||
====Rapid in-office Antigen Testing==== | ====Rapid in-office Antigen Testing==== | ||
Rapid in-office antigen testing for | Rapid in-office antigen testing for [[adenoviruses]] has been helped to identify the [[viral]] causes of conjunctivitis and prevent unnecessary [[antibiotic]] use.<ref name="pmid26077630">{{cite journal| author=Jhanji V, Chan TC, Li EY, Agarwal K, Vajpayee RB| title=Adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis. | journal=Surv Ophthalmol | year= 2015 | volume= 60 | issue= 5 | pages= 435-43 | pmid=26077630 | doi=10.1016/j.survophthal.2015.04.001 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26077630 }} </ref> | ||
===Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca=== | ===Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca=== | ||
Other diagnostic studies for | Other diagnostic studies for [[keratoconjunctivitis sicca|keratoconjunctivitis sicca (dry eye syndrome)]] conjunctivitis include corneal sensation, tear break up time, ocular surface staining, tear film interferometry, [[Schirmer's test]], and InflammaDry (rapid in-office test for matrix metalloproteinase 9).<ref name="pmid19668387">{{cite journal| author=Savini G, Prabhawasat P, Kojima T, Grueterich M, Espana E, Goto E| title=The challenge of dry eye diagnosis. | journal=Clin Ophthalmol | year= 2008 | volume= 2 | issue= 1 | pages= 31-55 | pmid=19668387 | doi= | pmc=2698717 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19668387 }} </ref><ref name="pmid26766898">{{cite journal| author=Beckman KA, Luchs J, Milner MS| title=Making the diagnosis of Sjögren's syndrome in patients with dry eye. | journal=Clin Ophthalmol | year= 2016 | volume= 10 | issue= | pages= 43-53 | pmid=26766898 | doi=10.2147/OPTH.S80043 | pmc=4699514 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26766898 }} </ref><ref name="pmid26850527">{{cite journal| author=Lanza NL, Valenzuela F, Perez VL, Galor A| title=The Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 Point-of-Care Test in Dry Eye. | journal=Ocul Surf | year= 2016 | volume= 14 | issue= 2 | pages= 189-95 | pmid=26850527 | doi=10.1016/j.jtos.2015.10.004 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26850527 }} </ref> | ||
====Corneal Sensation==== | ====Corneal Sensation==== | ||
On corneal sensation test, chronic keratoconjunctivitis sicca is characterized by corneal hyperesthesia or reduced sensation. | On corneal sensation test, chronic keratoconjunctivitis sicca is characterized by corneal hyperesthesia or reduced sensation. | ||
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On ocular surface staining, keratoconjunctivitis sicca in a patients with [[aqueous tear]] deficiency may be characterized by [[fluorescein]], [[Rose Bengal]], or lissamine green staining on the interpalpebral conjunctiva. | On ocular surface staining, keratoconjunctivitis sicca in a patients with [[aqueous tear]] deficiency may be characterized by [[fluorescein]], [[Rose Bengal]], or lissamine green staining on the interpalpebral conjunctiva. | ||
====Schirmer's Test==== | ====Schirmer's Test==== | ||
On [[Schirmer's | On [[Schirmer's test]], keratoconjunctivitis sicca caused by severe aqueous deficiency is characterized by wetting under 5 mm. | ||
====Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ( | |||
On InflammaDry (rapid in-office test), keratoconjunctivitis sicca is characterized by matrix metalloproteinase 9 elevation in the tear.<ref name=" | ====Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 (InflammaDry)==== | ||
On InflammaDry (rapid in-office test), keratoconjunctivitis sicca is characterized by matrix metalloproteinase 9 elevation in the tear.<ref name="pmid26850527">{{cite journal| author=Lanza NL, Valenzuela F, Perez VL, Galor A| title=The Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 Point-of-Care Test in Dry Eye. | journal=Ocul Surf | year= 2016 | volume= 14 | issue= 2 | pages= 189-95 | pmid=26850527 | doi=10.1016/j.jtos.2015.10.004 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26850527 }} </ref><ref name="pmid26605353">{{cite journal| author=D'Souza S, Tong L| title=Practical issues concerning tear protein assays in dry eye. | journal=Eye Vis (Lond) | year= 2014 | volume= 1 | issue= | pages= 6 | pmid=26605353 | doi=10.1186/s40662-014-0006-y | pmc=4604107 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26605353 }} </ref> | |||
====Tear film interferometry==== | ====Tear film interferometry==== | ||
Tear film interferometry is a noninvasive method of grading tear film quality and estimating the thickness of the lipid layer. | Tear film interferometry is a noninvasive method of grading tear film quality and estimating the thickness of the lipid layer. | ||
On Tear film interferometry, keratoconjunctivitis sicca caused by [[mebomian gland]] dysfunction characterized by abnormal colored tear film. | On Tear film interferometry, keratoconjunctivitis sicca caused by [[mebomian gland]] dysfunction characterized by abnormal colored tear film. | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist|2}} | {{reflist|2}} | ||
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[[Category:Ophthalmology]] | [[Category:Ophthalmology]] | ||
[[Category:Immunology]] | [[Category:Immunology]] | ||
[[Category:Pediatrics]] | [[Category:Pediatrics]] | ||
[[Category:Rheumatology]] | [[Category:Rheumatology]] | ||
[[Category:FinalQCRequired]] | |||
[[Category:Emergency medicine]] | |||
[[Category:Disease]] | |||
[[Category:Up-To-Date]] | |||
[[Category:Infectious disease]] | |||
Latest revision as of 21:07, 29 July 2020
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sara Mehrsefat, M.D. [2]
Overview
Other diagnostic studies for viral conjunctivitis include rapid antigen testing.[1] Other diagnostic studies for keratoconjunctivitis sicca (dry eye syndrome) include corneal sensation, tear break up time, ocular surface staining, and Schirmer's test.[2][3]
Other Diagnostic Studies
Viral Conjunctivitis
Rapid in-office Antigen Testing
Rapid in-office antigen testing for adenoviruses has been helped to identify the viral causes of conjunctivitis and prevent unnecessary antibiotic use.[1]
Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca
Other diagnostic studies for keratoconjunctivitis sicca (dry eye syndrome) conjunctivitis include corneal sensation, tear break up time, ocular surface staining, tear film interferometry, Schirmer's test, and InflammaDry (rapid in-office test for matrix metalloproteinase 9).[2][3][4]
Corneal Sensation
On corneal sensation test, chronic keratoconjunctivitis sicca is characterized by corneal hyperesthesia or reduced sensation.
Tear Break Up Time
On tear breakup time (TBUT), keratoconjunctivitis sicca is characterized by tear film instability and rapid evaporation. The tear film is observed under the light of a slit lamp.
Ocular Surface Staining
On ocular surface staining, keratoconjunctivitis sicca in a patients with aqueous tear deficiency may be characterized by fluorescein, Rose Bengal, or lissamine green staining on the interpalpebral conjunctiva.
Schirmer's Test
On Schirmer's test, keratoconjunctivitis sicca caused by severe aqueous deficiency is characterized by wetting under 5 mm.
Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 (InflammaDry)
On InflammaDry (rapid in-office test), keratoconjunctivitis sicca is characterized by matrix metalloproteinase 9 elevation in the tear.[4][5]
Tear film interferometry
Tear film interferometry is a noninvasive method of grading tear film quality and estimating the thickness of the lipid layer.
On Tear film interferometry, keratoconjunctivitis sicca caused by mebomian gland dysfunction characterized by abnormal colored tear film.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Jhanji V, Chan TC, Li EY, Agarwal K, Vajpayee RB (2015). "Adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis". Surv Ophthalmol. 60 (5): 435–43. doi:10.1016/j.survophthal.2015.04.001. PMID 26077630.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Savini G, Prabhawasat P, Kojima T, Grueterich M, Espana E, Goto E (2008). "The challenge of dry eye diagnosis". Clin Ophthalmol. 2 (1): 31–55. PMC 2698717. PMID 19668387.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Beckman KA, Luchs J, Milner MS (2016). "Making the diagnosis of Sjögren's syndrome in patients with dry eye". Clin Ophthalmol. 10: 43–53. doi:10.2147/OPTH.S80043. PMC 4699514. PMID 26766898.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Lanza NL, Valenzuela F, Perez VL, Galor A (2016). "The Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 Point-of-Care Test in Dry Eye". Ocul Surf. 14 (2): 189–95. doi:10.1016/j.jtos.2015.10.004. PMID 26850527.
- ↑ D'Souza S, Tong L (2014). "Practical issues concerning tear protein assays in dry eye". Eye Vis (Lond). 1: 6. doi:10.1186/s40662-014-0006-y. PMC 4604107. PMID 26605353.