Cystitis physical examination: Difference between revisions
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__NOTOC__ | __NOTOC__ | ||
{{Cystitis}} | {{Cystitis}} | ||
{{CMG}} {{AE}} {{Maliha}} | {{CMG}} {{AE}} {{Maliha}}, {{USAMA}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Patients with cystitis are usually well-appearing. Common physical examination | Patients with cystitis are usually well-appearing. Common physical examination finding of cystitis includes suprapubic [[tenderness]]. A focused [[physical examination]] is helpful in confirming the suspicion of cystitis and in ruling out alternate [[pathology]]. | ||
==Physical Examination== | ==Physical Examination== | ||
The following features can be found during a physical examination of a patient with cystitis. The patient must be in supine position to facilitate a proper examination.<ref>{{cite book |last = Bennett |first = John |title = Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious diseases |publisher = Elsevier/Saunders |location = Philadelphia, PA |year = 2015 |isbn=9781455748013}}</ref> | The following features can be found during a [[physical examination]] of a patient with cystitis. The patient must be in [[supine position]] to facilitate a proper examination.<ref>{{cite book |last = Bennett |first = John |title = Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious diseases |publisher = Elsevier/Saunders |location = Philadelphia, PA |year = 2015 |isbn=9781455748013}}</ref> | ||
===General Appearance of the Patient=== | ===General Appearance of the Patient=== | ||
*Patients with cystitis are usually normal in appearance and not in distress<ref name="pmid22010614">{{cite journal| author=Colgan R, Williams M| title=Diagnosis and treatment of acute uncomplicated cystitis. | journal=Am Fam Physician | year= 2011 | volume= 84 | issue= 7 | pages= 771-6 | pmid=22010614 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22010614 }} </ref> | *Patients with cystitis are usually normal in appearance and not in distress.<ref name="pmid22010614">{{cite journal| author=Colgan R, Williams M| title=Diagnosis and treatment of acute uncomplicated cystitis. | journal=Am Fam Physician | year= 2011 | volume= 84 | issue= 7 | pages= 771-6 | pmid=22010614 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22010614 }} </ref> | ||
===Vital Signs=== | ===Vital Signs=== | ||
*[[Fever]] rarely present<ref name="pmid16716786">{{cite journal| author=Chang SL, Shortliffe LD| title=Pediatric urinary tract infections. | journal=Pediatr Clin North Am | year= 2006 | volume= 53 | issue= 3 | pages= 379-400, vi | pmid=16716786 | doi=10.1016/j.pcl.2006.02.011 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16716786 }} </ref><ref name="pmid18055650">{{cite journal| author=Azzarone G, Liewehr S, O'Connor K| title=Cystitis. | journal=Pediatr Rev | year= 2007 | volume= 28 | issue= 12 | pages= 474-6 | pmid=18055650 | doi=10.1542/pir.28-12-474 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18055650 }} </ref> | |||
=== Skin === | |||
* Skin examination of patients with cystitis is usually normal. | |||
=== HEENT === | |||
* HEENT examination of patients with cystitis is usually normal. | |||
=== Neck === | |||
* Neck examination of patients with cystitis is usually normal. | |||
=== Lungs === | |||
* | * Pulmonary examination of patients with cystitis is usually normal. | ||
=== | === Heart === | ||
* [[Tachycardia]] | |||
*Suprapubic | ===Abdomen=== | ||
* Suprapubic [[tenderness]]<ref name="pmid22010614" /> | |||
=== | === Back === | ||
* Back examination of patients with cystitis is usually normal. | |||
*[[ | ===Genitourinary=== | ||
*[[Tenderness|Suprapubic tenderness]]<ref name="pmid22010614">{{cite journal| author=Colgan R, Williams M| title=Diagnosis and treatment of acute uncomplicated cystitis. | journal=Am Fam Physician | year= 2011 | volume= 84 | issue= 7 | pages= 771-6 | pmid=22010614 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22010614 }} </ref><ref name="pmid20353145">{{cite journal |vauthors=Brill JR |title=Diagnosis and treatment of urethritis in men |journal=Am Fam Physician |volume=81 |issue=7 |pages=873–8 |year=2010 |pmid=20353145 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last = Bennett |first = John |title = Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious diseases |publisher = Elsevier/Saunders |location = Philadelphia, PA |year = 2015 |isbn=9781455748013}}</ref> | |||
*[[Urethral discharge]] (if the cause is urethritis) | |||
=== | ===Neuromuscular=== | ||
* | * Patient is usually oriented to persons, place, and time. | ||
=== | === Extremities === | ||
* | * Extremities examination of patients with cystitis is usually normal. | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
{{WH}} | |||
{{WS}} | |||
[[Category:Medicine]] | |||
[[Category:Infectious disease]] | |||
[[Category:Nephrology]] | |||
[[Category:Urology]] | |||
[[Category:Up-To-Date]] | |||
Latest revision as of 21:12, 29 July 2020
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Maliha Shakil, M.D. [2], Usama Talib, BSc, MD [3]
Overview
Patients with cystitis are usually well-appearing. Common physical examination finding of cystitis includes suprapubic tenderness. A focused physical examination is helpful in confirming the suspicion of cystitis and in ruling out alternate pathology.
Physical Examination
The following features can be found during a physical examination of a patient with cystitis. The patient must be in supine position to facilitate a proper examination.[1]
General Appearance of the Patient
- Patients with cystitis are usually normal in appearance and not in distress.[2]
Vital Signs
Skin
- Skin examination of patients with cystitis is usually normal.
HEENT
- HEENT examination of patients with cystitis is usually normal.
Neck
- Neck examination of patients with cystitis is usually normal.
Lungs
- Pulmonary examination of patients with cystitis is usually normal.
Heart
Abdomen
- Suprapubic tenderness[2]
Back
- Back examination of patients with cystitis is usually normal.
Genitourinary
- Suprapubic tenderness[2][5][6]
- Urethral discharge (if the cause is urethritis)
Neuromuscular
- Patient is usually oriented to persons, place, and time.
Extremities
- Extremities examination of patients with cystitis is usually normal.
References
- ↑ Bennett, John (2015). Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious diseases. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier/Saunders. ISBN 9781455748013.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Colgan R, Williams M (2011). "Diagnosis and treatment of acute uncomplicated cystitis". Am Fam Physician. 84 (7): 771–6. PMID 22010614.
- ↑ Chang SL, Shortliffe LD (2006). "Pediatric urinary tract infections". Pediatr Clin North Am. 53 (3): 379–400, vi. doi:10.1016/j.pcl.2006.02.011. PMID 16716786.
- ↑ Azzarone G, Liewehr S, O'Connor K (2007). "Cystitis". Pediatr Rev. 28 (12): 474–6. doi:10.1542/pir.28-12-474. PMID 18055650.
- ↑ Brill JR (2010). "Diagnosis and treatment of urethritis in men". Am Fam Physician. 81 (7): 873–8. PMID 20353145.
- ↑ Bennett, John (2015). Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious diseases. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier/Saunders. ISBN 9781455748013.