Dermatophytosis classification: Difference between revisions

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==Overview==
==Overview==
A number of different species of fungi are involved. Dermatophytes of the genera Trichophyton and Microsporum are the most common causative agents. These fungi attack various parts of the body and lead to the conditions listed below.Note that the Latin names are for the conditions (disease patterns), not the agents that cause them.
[[Dermatophytes]] may be classified according to [[Genus|genera]], mode of transmission and disease patterns. [[Dermatophytes]] of the [[Genus|genera]] [[Trichophyton|''Trichophyton'']] and [[Microsporum|''Microsporum'']] are the most common causative agents.  


==Classification==
==Classification==
===Classification Based Upon Disease Patterns===
[[Dermatophytes]] may be classified according to various schemes.<ref name="pmid4804599">{{cite journal| author=Ton JG, Boelens WC, Gallas P| title=Resection of the rectum with preservation of the anal sphincter. | journal=Arch Chir Neerl | year= 1973 | volume= 25 | issue= 2 | pages= 179-87 | pmid=4804599 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=4804599  }}</ref><ref name="pmid10074502">{{cite journal |vauthors=Makimura K, Tamura Y, Mochizuki T, Hasegawa A, Tajiri Y, Hanazawa R, Uchida K, Saito H, Yamaguchi H |title=Phylogenetic classification and species identification of dermatophyte strains based on DNA sequences of nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 1 regions |journal=J. Clin. Microbiol. |volume=37 |issue=4 |pages=920–4 |year=1999 |pmid=10074502 |pmc=88625 |doi= |url=}}</ref>


Dermatophytosis
=== Classification based on genera ===
* Tinea pedis (athlete's foot) affects the feet
Based upon their genera, [[dermatophytes]] can be classified into three groups: 
* Tinea unguium affects the fingernails and toenails
* ''[[Trichophyton]]'' (which causes [[infections]] of the [[skin]], [[hair]], and [[Nail (anatomy)|nails]])
* Tinea corporis affects the arms, legs, and trunk
* [[Epidermophyton|''Epidermophyton'']] (which causes [[Infection|infections]] of the [[skin]] and [[Nail (anatomy)|nails]])
* Tinea cruris (jock itch) affects the groin area
* ''[[Microsporum]]'' (which causes [[Infection|infections]] of the [[skin]] and [[hair]])
* Tinea manuum affects the hands and palm area
* Tinea capitis affects the scalp
* Tinea barbae affects facial hair
* Tinea faciei (face fungus) affects the face


Other superficial mycoses (not classic ringworm, since not caused by dermatophytes)
=== Classification based on mode of transmission ===
* Tinea versicolor caused by Malassezia furfur
Based upon mode of transmission, these have been classified as:
* Tinea nigra caused by Hortaea werneckii
* Anthrophillic
* [[Zoophilic]]
* [[Geophilic]]
{| class="wikitable"
! style="background: #4479BA; width: 120px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|Anthrophilic species}}
! style="background: #4479BA; width: 120px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|Zoophilic species}}
! style="background: #4479BA; width: 120px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|Geophilic species}}
|-
|''E. floccossum''
|''M. canis''
|''E. stockdaleae''
|-
|''M. audouinii''
|''M. equinum''
|''M. amazonicum''
|-
|''M. concentricum''
|''T. gallinae''
|''Microsporum'' anamorph of ''A. cookiellum''
|-
|''T. gourvilli''
|''M. persicolor''
|''M. boullandii''
|-
|''T. kanei''
|''T. equinum''
|''M. cookei''
|-
|''T. meginii''
|''T. mentagrophytes''
|''M. gypseum''
|-
|''T. mentagrophytes''
|''T. sarkisorii''
|''M. nanum''
|-
|''T. raubitsschekii''
|''T. simii''
|''M. praecox''
|-
|[[Trichophyton rubrum|''T. rubrum'']]
|''T. verrucosum''
|''M. racemosum''
|-
|''T. schoenleinii''
|
|''M. ripariae''
|-
|''T. soudanese''
|
|''M. vanbreuseghemii''
|-
|''T. tonsurans''
|
|''T. ajelloi''
|-
|''T. violaceum''
|
|''T. flavescens''
|-
|''T. yaoundei''
|
|''T. longifusum''
|-
|
|
|''T. gloriae''
|-
|
|
|''T. phaseoliforme''
|-
|
|
|''T. vanbreuseghemii''
|-
|
|
|''T. terrestre''
|}
 
===Classification based on disease patterns===
Dermatophytosis may be classified into the following types based on disease patterns:
* [[Tinea pedis]] ([[athlete's foot]]) affects the feet
* [[Tinea unguium]] affects the fingernails and toenails
* [[Tinea corporis]] affects the arms, legs, and trunk
* [[Tinea cruris]] ([[jock itch]]) affects the groin area
* [[Tinea manuum]] affects the hands and palm area
* [[Tinea capitis]] affects the [[scalp]]
* [[Tinea barbae]] affects facial hair
* [[Tinea faciei]] (face fungus) affects the face


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}
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Latest revision as of 21:18, 29 July 2020

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Syed Hassan A. Kazmi BSc, MD [2]

Overview

Dermatophytes may be classified according to genera, mode of transmission and disease patterns. Dermatophytes of the genera Trichophyton and Microsporum are the most common causative agents.

Classification

Dermatophytes may be classified according to various schemes.[1][2]

Classification based on genera

Based upon their genera, dermatophytes can be classified into three groups: 

Classification based on mode of transmission

Based upon mode of transmission, these have been classified as:

Anthrophilic species Zoophilic species Geophilic species
E. floccossum M. canis E. stockdaleae
M. audouinii M. equinum M. amazonicum
M. concentricum T. gallinae Microsporum anamorph of A. cookiellum
T. gourvilli M. persicolor M. boullandii
T. kanei T. equinum M. cookei
T. meginii T. mentagrophytes M. gypseum
T. mentagrophytes T. sarkisorii M. nanum
T. raubitsschekii T. simii M. praecox
T. rubrum T. verrucosum M. racemosum
T. schoenleinii M. ripariae
T. soudanese M. vanbreuseghemii
T. tonsurans T. ajelloi
T. violaceum T. flavescens
T. yaoundei T. longifusum
T. gloriae
T. phaseoliforme
T. vanbreuseghemii
T. terrestre

Classification based on disease patterns

Dermatophytosis may be classified into the following types based on disease patterns:

References

  1. ↑ Ton JG, Boelens WC, Gallas P (1973). "Resection of the rectum with preservation of the anal sphincter". Arch Chir Neerl. 25 (2): 179–87. PMID 4804599.
  2. ↑ Makimura K, Tamura Y, Mochizuki T, Hasegawa A, Tajiri Y, Hanazawa R, Uchida K, Saito H, Yamaguchi H (1999). "Phylogenetic classification and species identification of dermatophyte strains based on DNA sequences of nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 1 regions". J. Clin. Microbiol. 37 (4): 920–4. PMC 88625. PMID 10074502.

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