Differentiating acute viral nasopharyngitis from other diseases: Difference between revisions
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
No edit summary |
m (Bot: Removing from Primary care) |
||
| (8 intermediate revisions by 5 users not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
__NOTOC__ | __NOTOC__ | ||
[[Image:Home_logo1.png|right|250px|link=https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Acute_viral_nasopharyngitis_(common_cold)]] | |||
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{AY}} | {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{AY}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Acute viral nasopharyngitis should be differentiated from other diseases that cause [[runny nose]], [[cough]], and constitutional symptoms such as [[influenza]], [[allergic rhinitis]], and [[acute sinusitis]]. | Acute viral nasopharyngitis should be differentiated from other diseases that cause [[runny nose]], [[cough]], and constitutional symptoms, such as [[influenza]], [[allergic rhinitis]], and [[acute sinusitis]]. | ||
==Differentiating acute viral nasopharyngitis from other diseases== | ==Differentiating acute viral nasopharyngitis from other diseases== | ||
Acute viral nasopharyngitis should be differentiated from other diseases that cause [[runny nose]], [[cough]] and constitutional symptoms. | Acute viral nasopharyngitis should be differentiated from other diseases that cause [[runny nose]], [[cough]], and constitutional symptoms. | ||
{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 85%; margin: 7px; width:1000px;" align="center" | {| style="border: 0px; font-size: 85%; margin: 7px; width:1000px;" align="center" | ||
| Line 17: | Line 17: | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;font-weight: bold" | Acute viral nasopharyngitis<ref name="pmid12517470">{{cite journal |vauthors=Heikkinen T, Järvinen A |title=The common cold |journal=Lancet |volume=361 |issue=9351 |pages=51–9 |year=2003 |pmid=12517470 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(03)12162-9 |url=}}</ref> | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;font-weight: bold" | Acute viral nasopharyngitis<ref name="pmid12517470">{{cite journal |vauthors=Heikkinen T, Järvinen A |title=The common cold |journal=Lancet |volume=361 |issue=9351 |pages=51–9 |year=2003 |pmid=12517470 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(03)12162-9 |url=}}</ref> | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | | ||
* Symptoms start with [[sore throat]],[[ | * Symptoms start with [[sore throat]], [[nasal congestion]], and [[runny nose]]. | ||
* [[Cough]] that may persist after resolution of the other symptoms. | * [[Cough]] that may persist after resolution of the other symptoms. | ||
* [[Fever]] is not common. | * [[Fever]] is not common. | ||
| Line 26: | Line 26: | ||
* Diagnosis is usually clinical; lab tests are rarely needed. | * Diagnosis is usually clinical; lab tests are rarely needed. | ||
* The virus can be [[Culture medium|cultured]] on human lung cells, but it takes time. | * The virus can be [[Culture medium|cultured]] on human lung cells, but it takes time. | ||
* [[PCR]] is rapid and accurate, but done only when the infecting [[virus]] strain | * [[PCR]] is rapid and accurate, but is done only when the infecting [[virus]] strain in [[immunocompromised]] patients needs to be known. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;font-weight: bold" | [[Allergic rhinitis]]<ref name="pmid20232579">{{cite journal |vauthors=Pawankar R, Bunnag C, Chen Y, Fukuda T, Kim YY, Le LT, Huong le TT, O'Hehir RE, Ohta K, Vichyanond P, Wang DY, Zhong N, Khaltaev N, Bousquet J |title=Allergic rhinitis and its impact on asthma update (ARIA 2008)--western and Asian-Pacific perspective |journal=Asian Pac. J. Allergy Immunol. |volume=27 |issue=4 |pages=237–43 |year=2009 |pmid=20232579 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;font-weight: bold" | [[Allergic rhinitis]]<ref name="pmid20232579">{{cite journal |vauthors=Pawankar R, Bunnag C, Chen Y, Fukuda T, Kim YY, Le LT, Huong le TT, O'Hehir RE, Ohta K, Vichyanond P, Wang DY, Zhong N, Khaltaev N, Bousquet J |title=Allergic rhinitis and its impact on asthma update (ARIA 2008)--western and Asian-Pacific perspective |journal=Asian Pac. J. Allergy Immunol. |volume=27 |issue=4 |pages=237–43 |year=2009 |pmid=20232579 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | | ||
* Characterized by repeated paroxysms of [[rhinorrhea]], [[sneezing]], and [[cough]]. | * Characterized by repeated paroxysms of [[rhinorrhea]], [[sneezing]], and [[cough]]. | ||
* Symptoms may be related to a specific season of the year, hence the name “seasonal [[allergies]]” | * Symptoms may be related to a specific season of the year, hence the name “seasonal [[allergies]].” | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | | ||
* [[Rhinorrhea]] discharge is usually clear and watery. | * [[Rhinorrhea]] discharge is usually clear and watery. | ||
* Examination of the nose reveals a crease below the [[nasal bridge]], formed from repeated pulling of the nose secondary to irritation. | * Examination of the nose reveals a crease below the [[nasal bridge]], formed from repeated pulling of the nose secondary to [[irritation]]. | ||
* [[Edema]] in the area below the eye, if associated [[conjunctivitis]] is present.<ref name="pmid11449200">{{cite journal |vauthors=Skoner DP |title=Allergic rhinitis: definition, epidemiology, pathophysiology, detection, and diagnosis |journal=J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. |volume=108 |issue=1 Suppl |pages=S2–8 |year=2001 |pmid=11449200 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | * [[Edema]] in the area below the eye, if associated [[conjunctivitis]] is present.<ref name="pmid11449200">{{cite journal |vauthors=Skoner DP |title=Allergic rhinitis: definition, epidemiology, pathophysiology, detection, and diagnosis |journal=J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. |volume=108 |issue=1 Suppl |pages=S2–8 |year=2001 |pmid=11449200 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | | ||
| Line 43: | Line 43: | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | | ||
* Presents with symptoms similar to [[URTI|URTIs]] ([[sneezing]], [[cough]], and [[runny nose]]). | * Presents with symptoms similar to [[URTI|URTIs]] ([[sneezing]], [[cough]], and [[runny nose]]). | ||
* Symptoms last for a longer time (about 10 days), with | * Symptoms last for a longer time (about 10 days), with a peak between the 4th and 6th days. | ||
* Usually, [[acute sinusitis]] is not associated with [[fever]].<ref name="pmid7242607">{{cite journal |vauthors= |title=Acute maxillary sinusitis |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=305 |issue=4 |pages=226–7 |year=1981 |pmid=7242607 |doi=10.1056/NEJM198107233050419 |url=}}</ref> | * Usually, [[acute sinusitis]] is not associated with [[fever]].<ref name="pmid7242607">{{cite journal |vauthors= |title=Acute maxillary sinusitis |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=305 |issue=4 |pages=226–7 |year=1981 |pmid=7242607 |doi=10.1056/NEJM198107233050419 |url=}}</ref> | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | | ||
* Inspection may show [[erythema]] | * Inspection may show [[erythema]] and [[edema]] over the involved [[sinus]]. | ||
* Palpation of [[sinuses]] shows [[tenderness]]. | * Palpation of [[sinuses]] shows [[tenderness]]. | ||
* [[Transillumination]] of the sinuses may show opacity. | * [[Transillumination]] of the [[sinuses]] may show opacity. | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | | ||
* [[X ray|X-ray]] and [[CT]] may show air fluid level or bubbles in the affected sinuses. | * [[X ray|X-ray]] and [[CT]] may show air fluid level or bubbles in the affected [[sinuses]]. | ||
* [[Culture medium|Culture]] of the nasal secretions is of limited use in [[acute sinusitis]], as may be contaminated by [[Flora|nasal flora]]. | * [[Culture medium|Culture]] of the nasal secretions is of limited use in [[acute sinusitis]], as may be contaminated by [[Flora|nasal flora]]. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 56: | Line 56: | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | | ||
* Symptoms are like the symptoms of [[pharyngitis]], which include: | * Symptoms are like the symptoms of [[pharyngitis]], which include: | ||
** [[ | ** [[Sore throat]] and [[Dysphagia|difficulty swallowing]] | ||
** [[Fever]] | ** [[Fever]] | ||
** [[Fatigue]] | ** [[Fatigue]] | ||
** [[Lymphadenopathy]] | ** [[Lymphadenopathy]] (especially in the posterior cervical region) | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | | ||
* Abdominal examination reveals [[splenomegaly]]. | * Abdominal examination reveals [[splenomegaly]]. | ||
| Line 115: | Line 115: | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
[[Category:Otolaryngology]] | |||
[[Category:Pediatrics]] | |||
[[Category:Disease]] | |||
[[Category:Up-To-Date]] | |||
[[Category:Infectious disease]] | |||
Latest revision as of 21:22, 29 July 2020
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ahmed Younes M.B.B.CH [2]
Overview
Acute viral nasopharyngitis should be differentiated from other diseases that cause runny nose, cough, and constitutional symptoms, such as influenza, allergic rhinitis, and acute sinusitis.
Differentiating acute viral nasopharyngitis from other diseases
Acute viral nasopharyngitis should be differentiated from other diseases that cause runny nose, cough, and constitutional symptoms.
| Disease | History | Physical examination | Laboratory or radiological findings |
|---|---|---|---|
| Acute viral nasopharyngitis[1] |
|
|
|
| Allergic rhinitis[2] |
|
|
|
| Acute sinusitis[4] |
|
|
|
| Infectious mononucleosis[6] |
|
|
|
Differentiating Flu and Common Cold
| Symptoms | Flu | Common cold |
|---|---|---|
| Fever | High fever (100-102° F) | Rare |
| Headache | Common | Rare |
| Cough | Common,
moderate to severe |
Rare,
mild to moderate |
| Body aches | Common, may be severe | Slight |
| Fatigue | Usual, can last up to 2-3 weeks | Sometimes |
| Nasal congestion | Sometimes | Common |
| Sneezing | Sometimes | Common |
| Sore throat | Sometimes | Common |
| Adapted from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) [7] | ||
References
- ↑ Heikkinen T, Järvinen A (2003). "The common cold". Lancet. 361 (9351): 51–9. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(03)12162-9. PMID 12517470.
- ↑ Pawankar R, Bunnag C, Chen Y, Fukuda T, Kim YY, Le LT, Huong le TT, O'Hehir RE, Ohta K, Vichyanond P, Wang DY, Zhong N, Khaltaev N, Bousquet J (2009). "Allergic rhinitis and its impact on asthma update (ARIA 2008)--western and Asian-Pacific perspective". Asian Pac. J. Allergy Immunol. 27 (4): 237–43. PMID 20232579.
- ↑ Skoner DP (2001). "Allergic rhinitis: definition, epidemiology, pathophysiology, detection, and diagnosis". J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 108 (1 Suppl): S2–8. PMID 11449200.
- ↑ Low DE, Desrosiers M, McSherry J, Garber G, Williams JW, Remy H, Fenton RS, Forte V, Balter M, Rotstein C, Craft C, Dubois J, Harding G, Schloss M, Miller M, McIvor RA, Davidson RJ (1997). "A practical guide for the diagnosis and treatment of acute sinusitis". CMAJ. 156 Suppl 6: S1–14. PMID 9347786.
- ↑ "Acute maxillary sinusitis". N. Engl. J. Med. 305 (4): 226–7. 1981. doi:10.1056/NEJM198107233050419. PMID 7242607.
- ↑ Niederman JC, McCollum RW, Henle G, Henle W (1968). "Infectious mononucleosis. Clinical manifestations in relation to EB virus antibodies". JAMA. 203 (3): 205–9. PMID 4864269.
- ↑ "National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)- Flu (Influenza)".