Diphtheria differential diagnosis: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
[[Respiratory]] [[diphtheria]] must be differentiated from [[respiratory]] tract or other infections that present with [[fever]], [[neck]] swelling, [[cough]] and/or [[pharyngeal]] exudates. [[Cutaneous]] [[diphtheria]] must be differentiated from other [[bacteria|bacterial]] and [[fungi|fungal]] causes of [[skin]] [[ulceration]]. | |||
==Differentiating diphtheria from other diseases== | ==Differentiating diphtheria from other diseases== | ||
===Differentiating respiratory diphtheria from other diseases=== | ===Differentiating respiratory diphtheria from other diseases=== | ||
A group of [[respiratory disease|respiratory diseases]] can present with symptoms such as [[fever]], [[sore throat]], pharyngeal exudates and/or neck swelling, which may mimic the symptoms of a [[diphtheria]] [[infection]]. These include:<ref name= "CDC diphtheria"> Center for Disease Control and Prevention https://www.cdc.gov/diphtheria/downloads/dip-cklist-diag.pdf Accessed on Oct. 7, 2016. </ref> | |||
*[[Infectious mononucleosis]] due to [[EBV]] | |||
*Group A [[streptococci]] [[pharyngitis]] | |||
*[[Epiglottitis]] due to [[Hemophilus influenza]] type b | |||
*Viral [[pharyngitis]] due to [[influenza]], [[HSV]] or [[adenovirus]] | |||
*[[Vincent's angina]] | |||
*Oral [[candidiasis]] | |||
===Differentiating cutaneous diphtheria from other diseases=== | ===Differentiating cutaneous diphtheria from other diseases=== | ||
[[Cutaneous]] [[diphtheria]] due to '''''[[Corynebacterium diphtheria]]''''' must be differentiated from other | [[Cutaneous]] [[diphtheria]] due to '''''[[Corynebacterium diphtheria]]''''' must be differentiated from other [[bacterial]] and [[fungal]] diseases that present with a shallow [[ulcer]] on the [[skin]]:<ref name="pmid18572973">{{cite journal |vauthors=Zeegelaar JE, Faber WR |title=Imported tropical infectious ulcers in travelers |journal=Am J Clin Dermatol |volume=9 |issue=4 |pages=219–32 |year=2008 |pmid=18572973 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
*Bacterial causes: | *Bacterial causes: | ||
**[[Pyoderma]] due to '''''[[Staphylococcus aureus]]''''' or '''''Group A beta-hemolytic [[streptococci]]''''' | **[[Pyoderma]] due to '''''[[Staphylococcus aureus]]''''' or '''''Group A beta-hemolytic [[streptococci]]''''' | ||
| Line 13: | Line 23: | ||
**[[Cutaneous]] [[Anthrax]] due to '''''Bacillus Anthracis''''' | **[[Cutaneous]] [[Anthrax]] due to '''''Bacillus Anthracis''''' | ||
**[[Cutaneous]] [[mycobacterial]] infections due to '''''[[Mycobacterium]] [[tuberculosis]]''''', '''''[[Mycobacterium]] marinum''''' or '''''[[Mycobacterium]] ulcerans''''' | **[[Cutaneous]] [[mycobacterial]] infections due to '''''[[Mycobacterium]] [[tuberculosis]]''''', '''''[[Mycobacterium]] marinum''''' or '''''[[Mycobacterium]] ulcerans''''' | ||
*Fungal causes: | |||
**[[Sporotrichosis]] | |||
**[[Mycetoma]] | |||
**[[Chromoblastomycosis]] | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Dima Nimri, M.D. [2]
Overview
Respiratory diphtheria must be differentiated from respiratory tract or other infections that present with fever, neck swelling, cough and/or pharyngeal exudates. Cutaneous diphtheria must be differentiated from other bacterial and fungal causes of skin ulceration.
Differentiating diphtheria from other diseases
Differentiating respiratory diphtheria from other diseases
A group of respiratory diseases can present with symptoms such as fever, sore throat, pharyngeal exudates and/or neck swelling, which may mimic the symptoms of a diphtheria infection. These include:[1]
- Infectious mononucleosis due to EBV
- Group A streptococci pharyngitis
- Epiglottitis due to Hemophilus influenza type b
- Viral pharyngitis due to influenza, HSV or adenovirus
- Vincent's angina
- Oral candidiasis
Differentiating cutaneous diphtheria from other diseases
Cutaneous diphtheria due to Corynebacterium diphtheria must be differentiated from other bacterial and fungal diseases that present with a shallow ulcer on the skin:[2]
- Bacterial causes:
- Pyoderma due to Staphylococcus aureus or Group A beta-hemolytic streptococci
- Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
- Cutaneous Anthrax due to Bacillus Anthracis
- Cutaneous mycobacterial infections due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium marinum or Mycobacterium ulcerans
- Fungal causes:
References
- ↑ Center for Disease Control and Prevention https://www.cdc.gov/diphtheria/downloads/dip-cklist-diag.pdf Accessed on Oct. 7, 2016.
- ↑ Zeegelaar JE, Faber WR (2008). "Imported tropical infectious ulcers in travelers". Am J Clin Dermatol. 9 (4): 219–32. PMID 18572973.