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== Overview ==
The four major types of glaucoma have their own unique causes. Open-angle glaucoma and congential tends to [[Heredity|run in families]] and acute angle closure glaucoma occurs when the exit of the [[aqueous humor]] fluid is suddenly blocked and secondary glaucoma occurs as a result of [[complication]]s of other medical conditions and/or procedures.


==Causes==
==Causes==
The four major types of glaucoma have their own unique causes. However, before reviewing them, a brief overview of the [[anatomy]] of the [[eye]] may be helpful in understanding the causes of this [[disease]]: 
The four major types of glaucoma have their own unique causes. Specific causes by each major type of glaucoma are:
 
The front part of the [[eye]] is filled with a clear fluid called [[aqueous humor]]. This fluid is always being made in the back of the [[eye]]. It leaves the [[eye]] through channels in the front of the [[eye]] in an area called the [[anterior chamber angle]], or simply the angle. Anything that slows or blocks the flow of this fluid out of the [[eye]] will cause [[pressure]] to build up in the [[eye]]. This [[pressure]] is called [[intraocular pressure (IOP)]]. In most cases of glaucoma, this [[pressure]] is high and causes damage to the major nerve in the [[eye]], called the [[optic nerve]].
 
More specific causes by each major type of glaucoma are:


''Open-angle ([[chronic]]) glaucoma''
=== ''Open-angle ([[chronic]]) glaucoma'' ===
* The cause is unknown. An increase in [[eye pressure]] occurs slowly over time. The pressure pushes on the [[optic nerve]] and the [[retina]] at the back of the [[eye]].
* The cause is unknown. An increase in [[eye pressure]] occurs slowly over time. The pressure pushes on the [[optic nerve]] and the [[retina]] at the back of the [[eye]].
* Open-angle glaucoma tends to [[Heredity|run in families]]. Your risk is higher if you have a parent or grandparent with open-angle glaucoma. People of African descent are at particularly high risk for this [[disease]].
* Open-angle glaucoma tends to [[Heredity|run in families]]. Your risk is higher if you have a parent or grandparent with open-angle glaucoma. People of African descent are at particularly high risk for this [[disease]].


''Angle-closure ([[acute]]) glaucoma''
=== ''Angle-closure ([[acute]]) glaucoma'' ===
* It occurs when the exit of the [[aqueous humor]] fluid is suddenly blocked.
* It occurs when the exit of the [[aqueous humor]] fluid is suddenly blocked.
* Dilating [[eye drops]] and certain [[medications]] may trigger an [[acute]] glaucoma attack.
* Dilating [[eye drops]] and certain [[medications]] may trigger an [[acute]] glaucoma attack.
* Medication Side Effect- [[Losartan potassium and Hydrochlorothiazide]]
* Medication Side Effect- [[Lisinopril and Hydrochlorothiazide]], [[Losartan potassium and Hydrochlorothiazide]], [[Paroxetine]]
 
*Medication Side Effect- [[Lisinopril and Hydrochlorothiazide]]


''[[Congenital]] glaucoma'''
=== ''[[Congenital]] glaucoma''' ===
* It is present at birth and results from the abnormal development of the fluid outflow channels in the eye.
* It is present at birth and results from the abnormal development of the fluid outflow channels in the eye.
* It is often [[hereditary]] and tends to run in families.
* It is often [[hereditary]] and tends to run in families.


''Secondary glaucoma''
=== ''Secondary glaucoma'' ===
* It is caused as [[complication]]s of other medical conditions and/or procedures, including [[eye surgery]], advanced [[cataract]]s, eye injuries, certain eye tumors, and [[uveitis]].
* It is caused as [[complication]]s of other medical conditions and/or procedures, including [[eye surgery]], advanced [[cataract]]s, eye injuries, certain eye tumors, and [[uveitis]].
* It can be caused by drugs such as [[corticosteroids]], which are used to treat eye [[inflammation]]s.
* It can be caused by drugs such as [[corticosteroids]], which are used to treat eye [[inflammation]]s.
** [[Pigment]]ary glaucoma is caused when [[pigment]] from the [[iris]] breaks off, thereby slowing the fluid drainage and blocking the meshwork.
** [[Pigment]]ary glaucoma is caused when [[pigment]] from the [[iris]] breaks off, thereby slowing the fluid drainage and blocking the meshwork.
** [[Neovascular]] glaucoma is a severe form of secondary glaucoma that is linked to [[diabetes]].
** [[Neovascular]] glaucoma is a severe form of secondary glaucoma that is linked to [[diabetes]].
=== '''Drugs causing glaucoma''' ===
Common drugs causing glaucoma include:
* [[Carbinoxamine]]
*[[Difluprednate]]
*[[Dexamethasone]]
*[[Hydrochlorothiazide]]
*[[Medrysone]]
*[[Prednisolone]]
*[[Prednisone]]
*[[Rimexolone]]
*[[Scopolamine]]
*[[Umeclidinium]]


== References ==
== References ==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}
{{WH}}
{{WS}}


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Latest revision as of 21:52, 29 July 2020

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Rohan Bir Singh, M.B.B.S.[2]

Overview

The four major types of glaucoma have their own unique causes. Open-angle glaucoma and congential tends to run in families and acute angle closure glaucoma occurs when the exit of the aqueous humor fluid is suddenly blocked and secondary glaucoma occurs as a result of complications of other medical conditions and/or procedures.

Causes

The four major types of glaucoma have their own unique causes. Specific causes by each major type of glaucoma are:

Open-angle (chronic) glaucoma

  • The cause is unknown. An increase in eye pressure occurs slowly over time. The pressure pushes on the optic nerve and the retina at the back of the eye.
  • Open-angle glaucoma tends to run in families. Your risk is higher if you have a parent or grandparent with open-angle glaucoma. People of African descent are at particularly high risk for this disease.

Angle-closure (acute) glaucoma

Congenital glaucoma'

  • It is present at birth and results from the abnormal development of the fluid outflow channels in the eye.
  • It is often hereditary and tends to run in families.

Secondary glaucoma

Drugs causing glaucoma

Common drugs causing glaucoma include:

References

Template:WH Template:WS

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