Gonadoblastoma (patient information): Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Gonadoblastoma is a rare [[tumor]] of the [[gonad]]<nowiki/>s. It is an admixture of two types of cells, premature [[germ cells]], and sex-cord stromal-like cells. | Gonadoblastoma is a [[rare]] [[tumor]] of the [[gonad]]<nowiki/>s. It is an admixture of two types of [[cells]], premature [[germ cells]], and sex-cord stromal-like cells. | ||
==What are the Symptoms of Gonadoblastoma?== | ==What are the Symptoms of Gonadoblastoma?== | ||
Gonadoblastoma has no specific signs and symptoms. It is a tumor usually arising from a maldeveloped gonad and it can manifest with non-specific symptoms such as: | Gonadoblastoma has no specific [[signs]] and [[symptoms]]. It is a [[tumor]] usually arising from a maldeveloped [[gonad]] and it can manifest with non-specific [[symptoms]] such as: | ||
* [[Hirsutism (patient information)|Excess hair overgrowth]] | * [[Hirsutism (patient information)|Excess hair overgrowth]] | ||
* Delayed onset of | * [[Primary amenorrhea (patient information)|Delayed onset of menstrual bleeding]] | ||
* Abnormal shape of | * [[Ambiguous genitalia|Abnormal shape of genitalia]] | ||
It may also present as a lower abdominal mass in women or growing mass in the testicles causing discomfort in men. | It may also present as a lower [[Abdominal mass (patient information)|abdominal mass]] in women or growing [[mass]] in the [[testicles]] causing [[discomfort]] in men. | ||
==What Causes gonadoblastoma?== | ==What Causes gonadoblastoma?== | ||
* The exact cause of gonadoblastoma is not clear, but it usually arises in the setting of maldeveloped sex organs. | * The exact [[Causes|cause]] of gonadoblastoma is not clear, but it usually arises in the setting of maldeveloped [[sex organs]]. | ||
* There is also a hypothesis regarding the presence of a putative gene called TSPY gene. Although the exact mechanism of its role in the [[pathogenesis]] of the disease is not clear, it has been observed that the product of this gene increased in the gonadoblastoma. | * There is also a [[hypothesis]] regarding the presence of a putative [[gene]] called TSPY [[gene]]. Although the exact mechanism of its role in the [[pathogenesis]] of the [[disease]] is not clear, it has been observed that the product of this [[gene]] increased in the gonadoblastoma. | ||
==Who is at Highest Risk?== | ==Who is at Highest Risk?== | ||
* Individuals with sex organ maldevelopment disorders are at highest risk of developing gonadoblastoma. | * Individuals with [[sex organ]] maldevelopment [[disorders]] are at highest risk of developing gonadoblastoma. | ||
* Sex organ maldevelopment disorders are referred to disorders manifesting with an abnormal shape of genitalia during infancy or sexual organ developmental disorders during [[puberty]] such as delayed onset of | * [[Sex organ]] maldevelopment [[disorders]] are referred to [[Disorder (medicine)|disorders]] manifesting with an [[Intersexuality|abnormal shape of genitalia]] during [[infancy]] or [[Intersexuality|sexual organ developmental disorders]] during [[puberty]] such as [[Primary amenorrhea (patient information)|delayed onset of menstruation]], [[Hirsutism (patient information)|excess hair overgrowth]]. | ||
==Diagnosis== | ==Diagnosis== | ||
There is no single diagnostic tool for the diagnosis of gonadoblastoma. However, any individual with [[Sex organs|sex organ]] maldevelopment disorder is suspected of having gonadoblastoma and should be considered for a complete workup to diagnose the underlying disorder and should also be monitored by [[imaging studies]] for the presence or this tumor. | There is no single [[Diagnosis|diagnostic tool]] for the [[diagnosis]] of gonadoblastoma. However, any individual with [[Sex organs|sex organ]] maldevelopment disorder is suspected of having gonadoblastoma and should be considered for a complete workup to [[Diagnosis|diagnose]] the underlying [[disorder]] and should also be monitored by [[imaging studies]] for the presence or this [[tumor]]. | ||
==When to Seek Urgent Medical Care?== | ==When to Seek Urgent Medical Care?== | ||
Individuals with a known diagnosis of sexual maldevelopment disorders such as: | Individuals with a known [[diagnosis]] of sexual maldevelopment [[disorders]] such as: | ||
* [[Androgen insensitivity syndrome (patient information)|Androgen insensitivity syndrome]] | * [[Androgen insensitivity syndrome (patient information)|Androgen insensitivity syndrome]] | ||
* [[Swyer syndrome]] | * [[Swyer syndrome]] | ||
| Line 38: | Line 38: | ||
* [[Denys-Drash syndrome]] | * [[Denys-Drash syndrome]] | ||
* 9p partial monosomy | * 9p partial monosomy | ||
should be screened for the presence of gonadoblastoma. | should be [[Screening|screened]] for the presence of gonadoblastoma. | ||
==Treatment Options== | ==Treatment Options== | ||
* Surgical removal of the tumor is the mainstay of the treatment. | * [[Surgery|Surgical]] removal of the [[tumor]] is the mainstay of the treatment. | ||
* Surgical removal of the affected gonad must be considered in case of coexisting sex development disorders. | * [[Surgery|Surgical]] removal of the affected [[gonad]] must be considered in case of coexisting [[Sexual development|sex development]] [[disorders]]. | ||
* Since this tumor can affect the contralateral gonad in 40% of cases, it must be removed in case of simultaneous involvement or be followed closely by imaging studies in case of preservation. | * Since this [[tumor]] can affect the [[contralateral]] [[gonad]] in 40% of cases, it must be removed in case of simultaneous involvement or be followed closely by [[imaging studies]] in case of preservation. | ||
==Where to find Medical Care for Gonadoblastoma?== | ==Where to find Medical Care for Gonadoblastoma?== | ||
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==What to Expect (Outlook/Prognosis)?== | ==What to Expect (Outlook/Prognosis)?== | ||
* Gonadoblastoma [[prognosis]] is excellent after the surgical removal of the tumor. | * Gonadoblastoma [[prognosis]] is excellent after the [[Surgery|surgical removal]] of the [[tumor]]. | ||
* In the case of a coexisting [[Malignant tumors|malignant tumor]], the prognosis depends on the staging of that tumor. | * In the case of a coexisting [[Malignant tumors|malignant tumor]], the [[prognosis]] depends on the [[Cancer staging|staging]] of that [[tumor]]. | ||
==Possible Complications== | ==Possible Complications== | ||
Gonadoblastoma can be complicated by conversion to [[dysgerminoma]], a [[malignant tumor]], and/or other malignant [[gonadal]] tumors. | Gonadoblastoma can be [[Complications|complicated]] by conversion to [[dysgerminoma]], a [[malignant tumor]], and/or other [[malignant]] [[gonadal]] [[Tumor|tumors]]. | ||
==Sources== | ==Sources== | ||
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{{WH}} | {{WH}} | ||
{{WS}} | {{WS}} | ||
[[Category:Medicine]] | [[Category:Medicine]] | ||
[[Category:Oncology]] | [[Category:Oncology]] | ||
[[Category:Gynecology]] | [[Category:Gynecology]] | ||
[[Category:Up-To-Date]] | [[Category:Up-To-Date]] | ||
Latest revision as of 21:54, 29 July 2020
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Gonadoblastoma |
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Gonadoblastoma On the Web |
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For the WikiDoc page for this topic, click here
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sahar Memar Montazerin, M.D.[2]
Overview
Gonadoblastoma is a rare tumor of the gonads. It is an admixture of two types of cells, premature germ cells, and sex-cord stromal-like cells.
What are the Symptoms of Gonadoblastoma?
Gonadoblastoma has no specific signs and symptoms. It is a tumor usually arising from a maldeveloped gonad and it can manifest with non-specific symptoms such as:
It may also present as a lower abdominal mass in women or growing mass in the testicles causing discomfort in men.
What Causes gonadoblastoma?
- The exact cause of gonadoblastoma is not clear, but it usually arises in the setting of maldeveloped sex organs.
- There is also a hypothesis regarding the presence of a putative gene called TSPY gene. Although the exact mechanism of its role in the pathogenesis of the disease is not clear, it has been observed that the product of this gene increased in the gonadoblastoma.
Who is at Highest Risk?
- Individuals with sex organ maldevelopment disorders are at highest risk of developing gonadoblastoma.
- Sex organ maldevelopment disorders are referred to disorders manifesting with an abnormal shape of genitalia during infancy or sexual organ developmental disorders during puberty such as delayed onset of menstruation, excess hair overgrowth.
Diagnosis
There is no single diagnostic tool for the diagnosis of gonadoblastoma. However, any individual with sex organ maldevelopment disorder is suspected of having gonadoblastoma and should be considered for a complete workup to diagnose the underlying disorder and should also be monitored by imaging studies for the presence or this tumor.
When to Seek Urgent Medical Care?
Individuals with a known diagnosis of sexual maldevelopment disorders such as:
- Androgen insensitivity syndrome
- Swyer syndrome
- Turner syndrome
- Frasier syndrome
- Denys-Drash syndrome
- 9p partial monosomy
should be screened for the presence of gonadoblastoma.
Treatment Options
- Surgical removal of the tumor is the mainstay of the treatment.
- Surgical removal of the affected gonad must be considered in case of coexisting sex development disorders.
- Since this tumor can affect the contralateral gonad in 40% of cases, it must be removed in case of simultaneous involvement or be followed closely by imaging studies in case of preservation.
Where to find Medical Care for Gonadoblastoma?
Medical care for gonadoblastoma can be found here.
Prevention
Gonadoblastoma is not preventable.
What to Expect (Outlook/Prognosis)?
- Gonadoblastoma prognosis is excellent after the surgical removal of the tumor.
- In the case of a coexisting malignant tumor, the prognosis depends on the staging of that tumor.
Possible Complications
Gonadoblastoma can be complicated by conversion to dysgerminoma, a malignant tumor, and/or other malignant gonadal tumors.
Sources
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000434.htm