Hemoptysis laboratory findings: Difference between revisions
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{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{SSH}} | {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{SSH}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
There are [[Medical laboratory|laboratory]] tests that are helpful for [[diagnosis]] the underlying cause of hemoptysis. [[Sputum]] must be evaluated for the [[Cell biology|cytology]], [[Gram staining|gram stain]], culture, and [[Acid-fast|acid-fast stain]]. [[Arterial blood gases]] might show [[Hypoxemia|hypoxia]]. [[Complete blood count]] ([[CBC]]) might show elevated [[White blood cells|WBC]], low [[platelet]], and anemia. Signs of [[dehydration]] might be detected in [[Medical laboratory|laboratory]] tests such as [[Blood urea nitrogen|BUN]], [[Creatinine|Cr]], [[Urine|urinalysis]], or [[Electrolyte disturbance|electrolytes]]. [[Coagulation]] studies might be abnormal. | |||
==Laboratory Findings== | ==Laboratory Findings== | ||
* There are laboratory tests that are helpful for diagnosis the underlying cause of hemoptysis. | * There are [[Medical laboratory|laboratory]] tests that are helpful for [[diagnosis]] the underlying cause of hemoptysis.<ref name="LeeKim2015">{{cite journal|last1=Lee|first1=Myoung Kyu|last2=Kim|first2=Sang-Ha|last3=Yong|first3=Suk Joong|last4=Shin|first4=Kye Chul|last5=Kim|first5=Hyun Sik|last6=Yu|first6=Tae-Sun|last7=Choi|first7=Eun Hee|last8=Lee|first8=Won-Yeon|title=Moderate hemoptysis: recurrent hemoptysis and mortality according to bronchial artery embolization|journal=The Clinical Respiratory Journal|volume=9|issue=1|year=2015|pages=53–64|issn=17526981|doi=10.1111/crj.12104}}</ref><ref name="KhalilFedida2015">{{cite journal|last1=Khalil|first1=A.|last2=Fedida|first2=B.|last3=Parrot|first3=A.|last4=Haddad|first4=S.|last5=Fartoukh|first5=M.|last6=Carette|first6=M.-F.|title=Severe hemoptysis: From diagnosis to embolization|journal=Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging|volume=96|issue=7-8|year=2015|pages=775–788|issn=22115684|doi=10.1016/j.diii.2015.06.007}}</ref><ref name="BruzziRémy-Jardin2006">{{cite journal|last1=Bruzzi|first1=John F.|last2=Rémy-Jardin|first2=Martine|last3=Delhaye|first3=Damien|last4=Teisseire|first4=Antoine|last5=Khalil|first5=Chadi|last6=Rémy|first6=Jacques|title=Multi–Detector Row CT of Hemoptysis|journal=RadioGraphics|volume=26|issue=1|year=2006|pages=3–22|issn=0271-5333|doi=10.1148/rg.261045726}}</ref> | ||
** Sputum analysis provides valuable information about the cause of hemoptysis. Sputum must be evaluated for the followings: | ** [[Sputum|Sputum analysis]] provides valuable information about the cause of hemoptysis. [[Sputum]] must be evaluated for the followings: | ||
*** [[Cytology]] | *** [[Cytology]] | ||
*** [[Gram stain]] | *** [[Gram stain]] | ||
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** Laboratory tests that might be abnormal in a patient with hemoptysis: | ** Laboratory tests that might be abnormal in a patient with hemoptysis: | ||
***[[Arterial blood gases]] might show: | ***[[Arterial blood gases]] might show: | ||
****Hypoxia (normal PaO2 ) | ****[[Hypoxemia|Hypoxia]] (normal [[Pulmonary gas pressures|PaO2]] 75-100 mm Hg) | ||
*** [[Blood urea nitrogen]] might be elevated (normal [[Blood urea nitrogen|BUN]] 8 to 20 mg/dL) | *** [[Blood urea nitrogen]] might be elevated (normal [[Blood urea nitrogen|BUN]] 8 to 20 mg/dL) | ||
*** [[Creatinine]] might be elevated (normal [[Creatinine|Cr]] 0.5 to 1.0 mg/dL for women and 0.7 to 1.2 mg/dL for men) | *** [[Creatinine]] might be elevated (normal [[Creatinine|Cr]] 0.5 to 1.0 mg/dL for women and 0.7 to 1.2 mg/dL for men) | ||
*** [[Complete blood count]] ([[CBC]]) might show: | *** [[Complete blood count]] ([[CBC]]) might show: | ||
**** Elevated [[White blood cells|WBC]] (normal [[White blood cells|WBC]] ) | **** Elevated [[White blood cells|WBC]] (normal [[White blood cells|WBC]] 4-10 x 10^9/L ) | ||
**** Low platelet (normal | **** Low [[platelet]] (normal [[platelet]] 150-400 x 10^9/L) | ||
**** Anemia (normal Hb ) | **** [[Anemia]] (normal [[Hemoglobin|Hb]] 12-15 g/dL for women, 13-17 g/dL for men) | ||
*** Coagulation studies might show: | *** [[Coagulation]] studies might show: | ||
**** Elevated prothrombin time (normal PT ) | **** Elevated [[prothrombin time]] (normal [[Prothrombin time|PT]] 11-14 sec) | ||
**** Elevated [[partial thromboplastin time]] (normal | **** Elevated [[partial thromboplastin time]] (normal [[Partial thromboplastin time|aPTT]] 20-40 sec) | ||
*** [[Urinalysis]] might show: | *** [[Urinalysis]] might show: | ||
**** Hematuria (normal RBC in urine <5) | **** [[Hematuria]] (normal [[Red blood cell|RBC]] in [[urine]] <5) | ||
*** [[Electrolytes]] | *** [[Electrolytes]] | ||
**** Elevated potassium (normal K ) | **** Elevated [[potassium]] (normal [[Potassium|K]] 3.5-5 mmol/L) | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
[[Category:Medicine]] | |||
[[Category:Gastroenterology]] | |||
[[Category:Up-To-Date]] | |||
[[Category:Emergency medicine]] | |||
Latest revision as of 22:03, 29 July 2020
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sadaf Sharfaei M.D.[2]
Overview
There are laboratory tests that are helpful for diagnosis the underlying cause of hemoptysis. Sputum must be evaluated for the cytology, gram stain, culture, and acid-fast stain. Arterial blood gases might show hypoxia. Complete blood count (CBC) might show elevated WBC, low platelet, and anemia. Signs of dehydration might be detected in laboratory tests such as BUN, Cr, urinalysis, or electrolytes. Coagulation studies might be abnormal.
Laboratory Findings
- There are laboratory tests that are helpful for diagnosis the underlying cause of hemoptysis.[1][2][3]
- Sputum analysis provides valuable information about the cause of hemoptysis. Sputum must be evaluated for the followings:
- Laboratory tests that might be abnormal in a patient with hemoptysis:
- Arterial blood gases might show:
- Blood urea nitrogen might be elevated (normal BUN 8 to 20 mg/dL)
- Creatinine might be elevated (normal Cr 0.5 to 1.0 mg/dL for women and 0.7 to 1.2 mg/dL for men)
- Complete blood count (CBC) might show:
- Coagulation studies might show:
- Elevated prothrombin time (normal PT 11-14 sec)
- Elevated partial thromboplastin time (normal aPTT 20-40 sec)
- Urinalysis might show:
- Electrolytes
References
- ↑ Lee, Myoung Kyu; Kim, Sang-Ha; Yong, Suk Joong; Shin, Kye Chul; Kim, Hyun Sik; Yu, Tae-Sun; Choi, Eun Hee; Lee, Won-Yeon (2015). "Moderate hemoptysis: recurrent hemoptysis and mortality according to bronchial artery embolization". The Clinical Respiratory Journal. 9 (1): 53–64. doi:10.1111/crj.12104. ISSN 1752-6981.
- ↑ Khalil, A.; Fedida, B.; Parrot, A.; Haddad, S.; Fartoukh, M.; Carette, M.-F. (2015). "Severe hemoptysis: From diagnosis to embolization". Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging. 96 (7–8): 775–788. doi:10.1016/j.diii.2015.06.007. ISSN 2211-5684.
- ↑ Bruzzi, John F.; Rémy-Jardin, Martine; Delhaye, Damien; Teisseire, Antoine; Khalil, Chadi; Rémy, Jacques (2006). "Multi–Detector Row CT of Hemoptysis". RadioGraphics. 26 (1): 3–22. doi:10.1148/rg.261045726. ISSN 0271-5333.