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'''For the WikiDoc page for this topic, click [[Hypoparathyroidism|here]]''' | '''For the WikiDoc page for this topic, click [[Hypoparathyroidism|here]]''' | ||
{{Hypoparathyroidism}} | {{Hypoparathyroidism (patient information)}} | ||
{{CMG}}; {{AOEIC}} {{JW}} | {{CMG}}; {{AOEIC}} {{JW}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Hypoparathyroidism is a disorder in which the [[parathyroid glands]] do not produce enough [[parathyroid hormone]] (PTH). This kind of hormone plays an important role in regulating and maintaining a balance of [[calcium]] and [[phosphorus]]. Studies demonstrate that conditions such as damage to the parathyroid glands after a neck or head surgery, radiation therapy for tumor on the face or neck, low levels of [[magnesium]] and family histories may be associated with the cause of hypoparathyroidism. The low production of parathyroid hormone in hypoparathyroidism may lead to symptoms such as [[paresthesias]], muscle aches or [[cramp]]s, twitching or [[spasm]]s, even [[seizure]], anxiety or [[nervousness]] and [[headaches]]. Tests on levels of blood | Hypoparathyroidism is a disorder in which the [[parathyroid glands]] do not produce enough [[parathyroid hormone]] ([[Parathyroid hormone|PTH]]). This kind of [[hormone]] plays an important role in regulating and maintaining a balance of [[calcium]] and [[phosphorus]]. Studies demonstrate that conditions such as damage to the [[parathyroid glands]] after a [[neck]] or [[head]] [[surgery]], [[Radiation therapy|radiation]] therapy for [[tumor]] on the [[face]] or [[neck]], low levels of [[magnesium]] and [[Family history|family histories]] may be associated with the cause of [[hypoparathyroidism]]. The low production of [[parathyroid hormone]] in [[hypoparathyroidism]] may lead to [[symptoms]] such as [[paresthesias]], [[muscle aches]] or [[cramp]]s, twitching or [[spasm]]s, even [[seizure]], [[anxiety]] or [[nervousness]] and [[headaches]]. Tests on levels of [[blood]] [[calcium]], [[blood]] [[magnesium]], [[blood]] [[phosphorus]] and [[parathyroid hormone]] can help diagnose [[hypoparathyroidism]]. Treatments for [[hypoparathyroidism]] include taking [[calcium carbonate]] and [[vitamin D]] supplements to normalize [[blood]] levels of [[calcium]] and [[phosphorus]]. [[Prognosis]] of [[hypoparathyroidism]] depends on whether the patient is diagnosed and treated early. | ||
==How do I know if I have hypoparathyroidism and what are the symptoms of hypoparathyroidism?== | ==How do I know if I have hypoparathyroidism and what are the symptoms of hypoparathyroidism?== | ||
Signs and symptoms of hypoparathyroidism include: | [[Signs]] and [[symptoms]] of [[hypoparathyroidism]] include: | ||
*[[Paresthesias]] in the fingertips, toes and lips | *[[Paresthesias]] in the fingertips, toes and lips | ||
*Muscle aches or [[cramp]]s, twitching or [[spasm]]s, even [[seizure]] | *[[Muscle aches]] or [[cramp]]s, twitching or [[spasm]]s, even [[seizure]] | ||
*[[Palpitation]] | *[[Palpitation]] | ||
*[[Fatigue]] or [[weakness]] | *[[Fatigue]] or [[weakness]] | ||
*Painful menstruation | *Painful [[menstruation]] | ||
*Hair or eyebrows loss | *Hair or eyebrows loss | ||
*Dry, coarse skin | *Dry, coarse [[skin]] | ||
*Brittle nails | *[[Brittle nails]] | ||
*[[Anxiety]] or [[nervousness]] | *[[Anxiety]] or [[nervousness]] | ||
*[[Headaches]] | *[[Headaches]] | ||
*[[Depression]] | *[[Depression]] | ||
*Memory problems | *[[Memory]] problems | ||
*[[Cataract]]s | *[[Cataract]]s | ||
Other health problems may also cause these symptoms. Only a doctor can tell for sure. A person with any of these symptoms should tell the doctor so that the problems can be diagnosed and treated as early as possible. | Other health problems may also cause these [[symptoms]]. Only a doctor can tell for sure. A person with any of these [[symptoms]] should tell the doctor so that the problems can be diagnosed and treated as early as possible. | ||
==Who is at risk for hypoparathyroidism?== | ==Who is at risk for hypoparathyroidism?== | ||
*Damage to the [[parathyroid gland]]s after a neck or head [[surgery]] | *Damage to the [[parathyroid gland]]s after a [[neck]] or [[head]] [[surgery]] | ||
*[[Radiation therapy]] of face or neck | *[[Radiation therapy]] of [[face]] or [[neck]] | ||
*Low levels of [[magnesium]] in your blood | *Low levels of [[magnesium]] in your [[blood]] | ||
*A family history of hypoparathyroidism | *A family history of [[hypoparathyroidism]] | ||
==How to know you have hypoparathyroidism?== | ==How to know you have hypoparathyroidism?== | ||
*Blood tests: Patients with hypoparathyroidism may indicate signs, such as low levels of blood | *[[Blood]] tests: Patients with [[hypoparathyroidism]] may indicate [[signs]], such as low levels of [[blood]] [[calcium]], [[blood]] [[magnesium]] and [[parathyroid hormone]], a high level of [[blood]] [[phosphorus]]. | ||
*[[Electrocardiogram]] (ECG): This is a simple and painless test that records the heart's electrical activity. It can detect [[arrhythmias]] associated with hypoparathyroidism. | *[[Electrocardiogram]] (ECG): This is a simple and painless test that records the heart's electrical activity. It can detect [[arrhythmias]] associated with [[hypoparathyroidism]]. | ||
*Urine calcium test: This test can show whether your body is excreting too much calcium. | *[[Urine]] [[calcium]] test: This test can show whether your body is excreting too much [[calcium]]. | ||
*X-rays and | *[[X-rays]] and bone density tests： These tests may also identify whether abnormal [[calcium]] levels have affected the strength of your [[bones]]. | ||
==When to seek urgent medical care?== | ==When to seek urgent medical care?== | ||
Call your health care provider if symptoms of hypoparathyroidism develop. If you experience either of the following symptoms, seeking urgent medical care as soon as possible: | Call your health care provider if [[symptoms]] of [[hypoparathyroidism]] develop. If you experience either of the following [[symptoms]], seeking urgent medical care as soon as possible: | ||
*[[Palpitation]] | *[[Palpitation]] | ||
*[[Seizure]] | *[[Seizure]] | ||
==Treatment options== | ==Treatment options== | ||
The goal of treatment for hypoparathyroidism is to restore blood levels of [[calcium]] and [[phosphorus]] to normal. Calcium carbonate and vitamin D supplements are the only currently approved treatment. | The goal of treatment for [[hypoparathyroidism]] is to restore [[blood]] levels of [[calcium]] and [[phosphorus]] to normal. [[Calcium carbonate]] and [[vitamin D]] [[supplements]] are the only currently approved treatment. | ||
*Diet: Patients with hypoparathyroidism should get diets rich in calcium and low in phosphorus. Foods, such as green leafy vegetables, broccoli, kale, and fortified orange juice and breakfast cereals are recommended by your dietitian. But patients had better not take many foods such as carbonated soft drinks, eggs and meats. | *Diet: Patients with [[hypoparathyroidism]] should get diets rich in [[calcium]] and low in [[phosphorus]]. Foods, such as green leafy vegetables, broccoli, kale, and fortified orange juice and breakfast cereals are recommended by your dietitian. But patients had better not take many foods such as carbonated soft drinks, eggs and meats. | ||
*Calcium carbonate and vitamin D supplements | *[[Calcium carbonate]] and [[vitamin D]] [[supplements]]. Usually, the patient can take the drugs by [[oral]]. In some cases with severe [[spasm]]s or severe [[cramp]]s, the doctor may recommend hospitalization in order to administer [[calcium]] by [[Intravenous therapy|intravenous]] (IV) [[infusion]] to release [[symptoms]] as soon as possible. After hospital discharge, you can continue to take [[calcium]] and [[vitamin D]] as an [[oral]] [[Supplements|supplement]]. When taking the drugs, patients with [[hypoparathyroidism]] need to monitor [[blood]] levels of [[calcium]] and [[phosphorus]] regularly. | ||
==Diseases with similar symptoms== | ==Diseases with similar symptoms== | ||
*Renal function failure | *[[Renal function]] failure | ||
*[[Seizure]] | *[[Seizure]] | ||
*[[Rickets]] | *[[Rickets]] | ||
| Line 57: | Line 57: | ||
==Prevention of hypoparathyroidism== | ==Prevention of hypoparathyroidism== | ||
There is no way to prevent hypoparathyroidism. If the patient will have a surgery involving neck or face, be alert for signs and symptoms indicating hypoparathyroidism. | There is no way to [[Prevention (medical)|prevent]] [[hypoparathyroidism]]. If the patient will have a [[surgery]] involving [[neck]] or [[face]], be alert for [[Medical sign|signs]] and [[symptoms]] indicating [[hypoparathyroidism]]. | ||
==What to expect (Outook/Prognosis)?== | ==What to expect (Outook/Prognosis)?== | ||
Prognosis of hypoparathyroidism depends on whether the patient is diagnosed and treated early. If the patient is diagnosed and treated early, outcome may be good and the body grows normally. | [[Prognosis]] of [[hypoparathyroidism]] depends on whether the patient is diagnosed and treated early. If the patient is diagnosed and treated early, outcome may be good and the body grows normally. | ||
==Copyleft Sources== | ==Copyleft Sources== | ||
| Line 78: | Line 78: | ||
[[Category:Parathyroid disorders]] | [[Category:Parathyroid disorders]] | ||
[[Category:Up-To-Date]] | [[Category:Up-To-Date]] | ||
Latest revision as of 22:18, 29 July 2020
For the WikiDoc page for this topic, click here
|
Hypoparathyroidism |
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Hypoparathyroidism On the Web |
|---|
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Jinhui Wu, M.D.
Overview
Hypoparathyroidism is a disorder in which the parathyroid glands do not produce enough parathyroid hormone (PTH). This kind of hormone plays an important role in regulating and maintaining a balance of calcium and phosphorus. Studies demonstrate that conditions such as damage to the parathyroid glands after a neck or head surgery, radiation therapy for tumor on the face or neck, low levels of magnesium and family histories may be associated with the cause of hypoparathyroidism. The low production of parathyroid hormone in hypoparathyroidism may lead to symptoms such as paresthesias, muscle aches or cramps, twitching or spasms, even seizure, anxiety or nervousness and headaches. Tests on levels of blood calcium, blood magnesium, blood phosphorus and parathyroid hormone can help diagnose hypoparathyroidism. Treatments for hypoparathyroidism include taking calcium carbonate and vitamin D supplements to normalize blood levels of calcium and phosphorus. Prognosis of hypoparathyroidism depends on whether the patient is diagnosed and treated early.
How do I know if I have hypoparathyroidism and what are the symptoms of hypoparathyroidism?
Signs and symptoms of hypoparathyroidism include:
- Paresthesias in the fingertips, toes and lips
- Muscle aches or cramps, twitching or spasms, even seizure
- Palpitation
- Fatigue or weakness
- Painful menstruation
- Hair or eyebrows loss
- Dry, coarse skin
- Brittle nails
- Anxiety or nervousness
- Headaches
- Depression
- Memory problems
- Cataracts
Other health problems may also cause these symptoms. Only a doctor can tell for sure. A person with any of these symptoms should tell the doctor so that the problems can be diagnosed and treated as early as possible.
Who is at risk for hypoparathyroidism?
- Damage to the parathyroid glands after a neck or head surgery
- Radiation therapy of face or neck
- Low levels of magnesium in your blood
- A family history of hypoparathyroidism
How to know you have hypoparathyroidism?
- Blood tests: Patients with hypoparathyroidism may indicate signs, such as low levels of blood calcium, blood magnesium and parathyroid hormone, a high level of blood phosphorus.
- Electrocardiogram (ECG): This is a simple and painless test that records the heart's electrical activity. It can detect arrhythmias associated with hypoparathyroidism.
- Urine calcium test: This test can show whether your body is excreting too much calcium.
- X-rays and bone density tests： These tests may also identify whether abnormal calcium levels have affected the strength of your bones.
When to seek urgent medical care?
Call your health care provider if symptoms of hypoparathyroidism develop. If you experience either of the following symptoms, seeking urgent medical care as soon as possible:
Treatment options
The goal of treatment for hypoparathyroidism is to restore blood levels of calcium and phosphorus to normal. Calcium carbonate and vitamin D supplements are the only currently approved treatment.
- Diet: Patients with hypoparathyroidism should get diets rich in calcium and low in phosphorus. Foods, such as green leafy vegetables, broccoli, kale, and fortified orange juice and breakfast cereals are recommended by your dietitian. But patients had better not take many foods such as carbonated soft drinks, eggs and meats.
- Calcium carbonate and vitamin D supplements. Usually, the patient can take the drugs by oral. In some cases with severe spasms or severe cramps, the doctor may recommend hospitalization in order to administer calcium by intravenous (IV) infusion to release symptoms as soon as possible. After hospital discharge, you can continue to take calcium and vitamin D as an oral supplement. When taking the drugs, patients with hypoparathyroidism need to monitor blood levels of calcium and phosphorus regularly.
Diseases with similar symptoms
Where to find medical care for hypoparathyroidism?
Directions to Hospitals Treating hypoparathyroidism
Prevention of hypoparathyroidism
There is no way to prevent hypoparathyroidism. If the patient will have a surgery involving neck or face, be alert for signs and symptoms indicating hypoparathyroidism.
What to expect (Outook/Prognosis)?
Prognosis of hypoparathyroidism depends on whether the patient is diagnosed and treated early. If the patient is diagnosed and treated early, outcome may be good and the body grows normally.
Copyleft Sources
http://www.mayoclinic.com/print/hypoparathyroidism/DS00952/DSECTION=all&METHOD=print
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000385.htm
http://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/hypoparathyroidism.cfm Template:WH Template:WS