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==Overview==
==Overview==
The prevalence of lactose intolerance is approximately 75,000 per 100,000 individuals worldwide. The prevalence of lactose intolerance is low in children younger than six years. Europeans and European Americans individuals are less likely to develop lactose intolerance. Lactose intolerance affects men and women equally. The majority of lactose intolerance cases are reported in the Far East.


==Epidemiology and Demographics==
==Epidemiology and Demographics==
<ref name="pmid20144208">{{cite journal |vauthors=Itan Y, Jones BL, Ingram CJ, Swallow DM, Thomas MG |title=A worldwide correlation of lactase persistence phenotype and genotypes |journal=BMC Evol. Biol. |volume=10 |issue= |pages=36 |year=2010 |pmid=20144208 |pmc=2834688 |doi=10.1186/1471-2148-10-36 |url=}}</ref> PMC1906652
===Prevalence===
===Prevalence===
*The prevalence of lactose intolerance is approximately 75000 per 100,000 individuals worldwide.<ref name="pmid26404364">{{cite journal |vauthors=Silanikove N, Leitner G, Merin U |title=The Interrelationships between Lactose Intolerance and the Modern Dairy Industry: Global Perspectives in Evolutional and Historical Backgrounds |journal=Nutrients |volume=7 |issue=9 |pages=7312–31 |year=2015 |pmid=26404364 |pmc=4586535 |doi=10.3390/nu7095340 |url=}}</ref>
*The prevalence of lactose intolerance is up to 75000 per 100,000 individuals worldwide.<ref name="pmid26404364">{{cite journal |vauthors=Silanikove N, Leitner G, Merin U |title=The Interrelationships between Lactose Intolerance and the Modern Dairy Industry: Global Perspectives in Evolutional and Historical Backgrounds |journal=Nutrients |volume=7 |issue=9 |pages=7312–31 |year=2015 |pmid=26404364 |pmc=4586535 |doi=10.3390/nu7095340 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid3140651" />
*In North America, the prevalence of lactose intolerance:  
*In North America, the prevalence of lactose intolerance:  
**Native America: 79000 per 100,000 individuals
**Native America: 79000 per 100,000 individuals
Line 15: Line 14:
**Hispanics: 51000  per 100,000 individuals
**Hispanics: 51000  per 100,000 individuals
**Caucasians: 21000 per 100,000 individuals
**Caucasians: 21000 per 100,000 individuals
 
*The prevalence of lactose intolerance in Latin America, Africa, and Asia is 15000-100000 per 100,000 individuals.
* In  Latin America, Africa, and Asia prevalence rates range from 15-100% depending on the population studied.


===Age===
===Age===
* The prevalence of lactose intoleance are low in children younger than six years <ref name="pmid8026265">{{cite journal |vauthors=Rao DR, Bello H, Warren AP, Brown GE |title=Prevalence of lactose maldigestion. Influence and interaction of age, race, and sex |journal=Dig. Dis. Sci. |volume=39 |issue=7 |pages=1519–24 |year=1994 |pmid=8026265 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid11761016">{{cite journal |vauthors=Di Stefano M, Veneto G, Malservisi S, Strocchi A, Corazza GR |title=Lactose malabsorption and intolerance in the elderly |journal=Scand. J. Gastroenterol. |volume=36 |issue=12 |pages=1274–8 |year=2001 |pmid=11761016 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
* The prevalence of lactose intoleance is low in children younger than six years. <ref name="pmid8026265">{{cite journal |vauthors=Rao DR, Bello H, Warren AP, Brown GE |title=Prevalence of lactose maldigestion. Influence and interaction of age, race, and sex |journal=Dig. Dis. Sci. |volume=39 |issue=7 |pages=1519–24 |year=1994 |pmid=8026265 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid11761016">{{cite journal |vauthors=Di Stefano M, Veneto G, Malservisi S, Strocchi A, Corazza GR |title=Lactose malabsorption and intolerance in the elderly |journal=Scand. J. Gastroenterol. |volume=36 |issue=12 |pages=1274–8 |year=2001 |pmid=11761016 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
* The prevalence of lactose intoleance inceresed with age
* The prevalence of lactose intoleance incereses with age.


===Race===
===Race===
* Lactose intolerance usually affects individuals of the:<ref name="pmid3140651">{{cite journal |vauthors=Scrimshaw NS, Murray EB |title=The acceptability of milk and milk products in populations with a high prevalence of lactose intolerance |journal=Am. J. Clin. Nutr. |volume=48 |issue=4 Suppl |pages=1079–159 |year=1988 |pmid=3140651 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
* Lactose intolerance usually affects the following populations:<ref name="pmid3140651">{{cite journal |vauthors=Scrimshaw NS, Murray EB |title=The acceptability of milk and milk products in populations with a high prevalence of lactose intolerance |journal=Am. J. Clin. Nutr. |volume=48 |issue=4 Suppl |pages=1079–159 |year=1988 |pmid=3140651 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid201442082">{{cite journal |vauthors=Itan Y, Jones BL, Ingram CJ, Swallow DM, Thomas MG |title=A worldwide correlation of lactase persistence phenotype and genotypes |journal=BMC Evol. Biol. |volume=10 |issue= |pages=36 |year=2010 |pmid=20144208 |pmc=2834688 |doi=10.1186/1471-2148-10-36 |url=}}</ref>
** African Americans
** African Americans
** Hispanics
** Hispanics
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**Native Americans
**Native Americans


*Europeans and European Americans individuals are less likely to develop lactose intolerance.
*Europeans and European Americans are less likely to develop lactose intolerance.
===Gender===
===Gender===
*Lactose intolerance affects men and women equally.
*Lactose intolerance affects men and women equally.
===Region===
===Region===
*The majority of lactose intolerance cases are reported in Far East.<ref name="pmid8042019">{{cite journal |vauthors=Sahi T |title=Genetics and epidemiology of adult-type hypolactasia |journal=Scand. J. Gastroenterol. Suppl. |volume=202 |issue= |pages=7–20 |year=1994 |pmid=8042019 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
*The majority of lactose intolerance cases are reported in the Far East.<ref name="pmid8042019">{{cite journal |vauthors=Sahi T |title=Genetics and epidemiology of adult-type hypolactasia |journal=Scand. J. Gastroenterol. Suppl. |volume=202 |issue= |pages=7–20 |year=1994 |pmid=8042019 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
*Around the North Sea, in Northwestern Europe has the lowest prevalence of lactose intolerance.  
*Northwestern Europe has the lowest prevalence of lactose intolerance.  
*High rates of lactase intolerance in Africa:<ref name="pmid22826639">{{cite journal |vauthors=Mattar R, de Campos Mazo DF, Carrilho FJ |title=Lactose intolerance: diagnosis, genetic, and clinical factors |journal=Clin Exp Gastroenterol |volume=5 |issue= |pages=113–21 |year=2012 |pmid=22826639 |pmc=3401057 |doi=10.2147/CEG.S32368 |url=}}</ref>  
*The following countries have the highest rates of lactose intolerance in Africa:<ref name="pmid22826639">{{cite journal |vauthors=Mattar R, de Campos Mazo DF, Carrilho FJ |title=Lactose intolerance: diagnosis, genetic, and clinical factors |journal=Clin Exp Gastroenterol |volume=5 |issue= |pages=113–21 |year=2012 |pmid=22826639 |pmc=3401057 |doi=10.2147/CEG.S32368 |url=}}</ref>  
**Nigeria  
**Nigeria  
**Malawi  
**Malawi  
Line 43: Line 41:
**Uganda  
**Uganda  


* Low rates of lactose intolerance in Africa:
* The following countries have the lowest rates of lactose intolerance in Africa:
** Cameroon 
** Cameroon 
** Mali 
** Mali 
Line 52: Line 50:


===Developing Countries===
===Developing Countries===
* Secondary lactase deficiency is more common in children, particularly in developing countries due to high prevalence of infections. <ref name="pmid17599979">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bhatnagar S, Aggarwal R |title=Lactose intolerance |journal=BMJ |volume=334 |issue=7608 |pages=1331–2 |year=2007 |pmid=17599979 |pmc=1906652 |doi=10.1136/bmj.39252.524375.80 |url=}}</ref>
* Secondary lactase deficiency is more common in children, particularly in the the developing countries due to high prevalence of infections. <ref name="pmid17599979">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bhatnagar S, Aggarwal R |title=Lactose intolerance |journal=BMJ |volume=334 |issue=7608 |pages=1331–2 |year=2007 |pmid=17599979 |pmc=1906652 |doi=10.1136/bmj.39252.524375.80 |url=}}</ref>


==References==
==References==
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Latest revision as of 22:28, 29 July 2020

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mahda Alihashemi M.D. [2]

Overview

The prevalence of lactose intolerance is approximately 75,000 per 100,000 individuals worldwide. The prevalence of lactose intolerance is low in children younger than six years. Europeans and European Americans individuals are less likely to develop lactose intolerance. Lactose intolerance affects men and women equally. The majority of lactose intolerance cases are reported in the Far East.

Epidemiology and Demographics

Prevalence

  • The prevalence of lactose intolerance is up to 75000 per 100,000 individuals worldwide.[1][2]
  • In North America, the prevalence of lactose intolerance:
    • Native America: 79000 per 100,000 individuals
    • Black: 75000 per 100,000 individuals
    • Hispanics: 51000 per 100,000 individuals
    • Caucasians: 21000 per 100,000 individuals
  • The prevalence of lactose intolerance in Latin America, Africa, and Asia is 15000-100000 per 100,000 individuals.

Age

  • The prevalence of lactose intoleance is low in children younger than six years. [3][4]
  • The prevalence of lactose intoleance incereses with age.

Race

  • Lactose intolerance usually affects the following populations:[2][5]
    • African Americans
    • Hispanics
    • Asians
    • Asian Americans
    • Native Americans
  • Europeans and European Americans are less likely to develop lactose intolerance.

Gender

  • Lactose intolerance affects men and women equally.

Region

  • The majority of lactose intolerance cases are reported in the Far East.[6]
  • Northwestern Europe has the lowest prevalence of lactose intolerance.
  • The following countries have the highest rates of lactose intolerance in Africa:[7]
    • Nigeria
    • Malawi
    • Sudan
    • Ethiopia
    • Uganda
  • The following countries have the lowest rates of lactose intolerance in Africa:
    • Cameroon 
    • Mali 
    • South Africa
    • Morocco
  • Congenital lactase deficiency is a rare disease that tends to affect Finnish population.[8]

Developing Countries

  • Secondary lactase deficiency is more common in children, particularly in the the developing countries due to high prevalence of infections. [9]

References

  1. ↑ Silanikove N, Leitner G, Merin U (2015). "The Interrelationships between Lactose Intolerance and the Modern Dairy Industry: Global Perspectives in Evolutional and Historical Backgrounds". Nutrients. 7 (9): 7312–31. doi:10.3390/nu7095340. PMC 4586535. PMID 26404364.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Scrimshaw NS, Murray EB (1988). "The acceptability of milk and milk products in populations with a high prevalence of lactose intolerance". Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 48 (4 Suppl): 1079–159. PMID 3140651.
  3. ↑ Rao DR, Bello H, Warren AP, Brown GE (1994). "Prevalence of lactose maldigestion. Influence and interaction of age, race, and sex". Dig. Dis. Sci. 39 (7): 1519–24. PMID 8026265.
  4. ↑ Di Stefano M, Veneto G, Malservisi S, Strocchi A, Corazza GR (2001). "Lactose malabsorption and intolerance in the elderly". Scand. J. Gastroenterol. 36 (12): 1274–8. PMID 11761016.
  5. ↑ Itan Y, Jones BL, Ingram CJ, Swallow DM, Thomas MG (2010). "A worldwide correlation of lactase persistence phenotype and genotypes". BMC Evol. Biol. 10: 36. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-10-36. PMC 2834688. PMID 20144208.
  6. ↑ Sahi T (1994). "Genetics and epidemiology of adult-type hypolactasia". Scand. J. Gastroenterol. Suppl. 202: 7–20. PMID 8042019.
  7. ↑ Mattar R, de Campos Mazo DF, Carrilho FJ (2012). "Lactose intolerance: diagnosis, genetic, and clinical factors". Clin Exp Gastroenterol. 5: 113–21. doi:10.2147/CEG.S32368. PMC 3401057. PMID 22826639.
  8. ↑ Järvelä I, Enattah NS, Kokkonen J, Varilo T, Savilahti E, Peltonen L (1998). "Assignment of the locus for congenital lactase deficiency to 2q21, in the vicinity of but separate from the lactase-phlorizin hydrolase gene". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 63 (4): 1078–85. PMC 1377496. PMID 9758622.
  9. ↑ Bhatnagar S, Aggarwal R (2007). "Lactose intolerance". BMJ. 334 (7608): 1331–2. doi:10.1136/bmj.39252.524375.80. PMC 1906652. PMID 17599979.

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