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__NOTOC__ | __NOTOC__ | ||
{{Lactose intolerance}} | {{Lactose intolerance}} | ||
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{MA}} | |||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
The most potent risk factor in the development of lactose intolerance is ethnicity. Other risk factors include increasing age, [[infection]] and [[drug]]. | |||
==Risk Factors== | |||
The most potent risk factor in the development of lactose intolerance is ethnicity. Other risk factors include increasing age, [[infection]] and [[drug]]. | |||
=== Common Risk Factors === | |||
*Common risk factors in the development of lactose intolerance include:<ref name="pmid11788828">{{cite journal |vauthors=Enattah NS, Sahi T, Savilahti E, Terwilliger JD, Peltonen L, Järvelä I |title=Identification of a variant associated with adult-type hypolactasia |journal=Nat. Genet. |volume=30 |issue=2 |pages=233–7 |year=2002 |pmid=11788828 |doi=10.1038/ng826 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid17159977">{{cite journal |vauthors=Tishkoff SA, Reed FA, Ranciaro A, Voight BF, Babbitt CC, Silverman JS, Powell K, Mortensen HM, Hirbo JB, Osman M, Ibrahim M, Omar SA, Lema G, Nyambo TB, Ghori J, Bumpstead S, Pritchard JK, Wray GA, Deloukas P |title=Convergent adaptation of human lactase persistence in Africa and Europe |journal=Nat. Genet. |volume=39 |issue=1 |pages=31–40 |year=2007 |pmid=17159977 |pmc=2672153 |doi=10.1038/ng1946 |url=}}</ref> | |||
**Increasing age: The prevalence of lactose intoleance is low in children younger than six years | |||
**Ethnicity: Lactose intolerance is more common in African Americans, Hispanics, Asians, Asian Americans, Native Americans | |||
===Less Common Risk Factors=== | |||
*Less common risk factors in the development of lactose intolerance include:<ref name="pmid9742907">{{cite journal |vauthors=Srinivasan R, Minocha A |title=When to suspect lactose intolerance. Symptomatic, ethnic, and laboratory clues |journal=Postgrad Med |volume=104 |issue=3 |pages=109–11, 115–6, 122–3 |year=1998 |pmid=9742907 |doi=10.3810/pgm.1998.09.577 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid24917953">{{cite journal |vauthors=Misselwitz B, Pohl D, Frühauf H, Fried M, Vavricka SR, Fox M |title=Lactose malabsorption and intolerance: pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment |journal=United European Gastroenterol J |volume=1 |issue=3 |pages=151–9 |year=2013 |pmid=24917953 |pmc=4040760 |doi=10.1177/2050640613484463 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid9219788">{{cite journal |vauthors=Mishkin B, Yalovsky M, Mishkin S |title=Increased prevalence of lactose malabsorption in Crohn's disease patients at low risk for lactose malabsorption based on ethnic origin |journal=Am. J. Gastroenterol. |volume=92 |issue=7 |pages=1148–53 |year=1997 |pmid=9219788 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | |||
**[[Premature birth]] | |||
**Infections such as [[Giardia lamblia|giardia]] | |||
**Drug induced enteritis | |||
**[[Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)|HIV]] | |||
**[[Sprue]] | |||
**[[Whipple's disease]] | |||
**[[Carcinoid syndrome]] | |||
**[[Diabetes mellitus]] | |||
**[[Zollinger-Ellison syndrome]] | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
{{WH}} | |||
{{WS}} | {{WS}} | ||
[[Category:Gastroenterology]] | [[Category:Gastroenterology]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Medicine]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Up-To-Date]] | ||
Latest revision as of 22:28, 29 July 2020
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mahda Alihashemi M.D. [2]
Overview
The most potent risk factor in the development of lactose intolerance is ethnicity. Other risk factors include increasing age, infection and drug.
Risk Factors
The most potent risk factor in the development of lactose intolerance is ethnicity. Other risk factors include increasing age, infection and drug.
Common Risk Factors
- Common risk factors in the development of lactose intolerance include:[1][2]
- Increasing age: The prevalence of lactose intoleance is low in children younger than six years
- Ethnicity: Lactose intolerance is more common in African Americans, Hispanics, Asians, Asian Americans, Native Americans
Less Common Risk Factors
- Less common risk factors in the development of lactose intolerance include:[3][4][5]
- Premature birth
- Infections such as giardia
- Drug induced enteritis
- HIV
- Sprue
- Whipple's disease
- Carcinoid syndrome
- Diabetes mellitus
- Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
References
- ↑ Enattah NS, Sahi T, Savilahti E, Terwilliger JD, Peltonen L, Järvelä I (2002). "Identification of a variant associated with adult-type hypolactasia". Nat. Genet. 30 (2): 233–7. doi:10.1038/ng826. PMID 11788828.
- ↑ Tishkoff SA, Reed FA, Ranciaro A, Voight BF, Babbitt CC, Silverman JS, Powell K, Mortensen HM, Hirbo JB, Osman M, Ibrahim M, Omar SA, Lema G, Nyambo TB, Ghori J, Bumpstead S, Pritchard JK, Wray GA, Deloukas P (2007). "Convergent adaptation of human lactase persistence in Africa and Europe". Nat. Genet. 39 (1): 31–40. doi:10.1038/ng1946. PMC 2672153. PMID 17159977.
- ↑ Srinivasan R, Minocha A (1998). "When to suspect lactose intolerance. Symptomatic, ethnic, and laboratory clues". Postgrad Med. 104 (3): 109–11, 115–6, 122–3. doi:10.3810/pgm.1998.09.577. PMID 9742907.
- ↑ Misselwitz B, Pohl D, Frühauf H, Fried M, Vavricka SR, Fox M (2013). "Lactose malabsorption and intolerance: pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment". United European Gastroenterol J. 1 (3): 151–9. doi:10.1177/2050640613484463. PMC 4040760. PMID 24917953.
- ↑ Mishkin B, Yalovsky M, Mishkin S (1997). "Increased prevalence of lactose malabsorption in Crohn's disease patients at low risk for lactose malabsorption based on ethnic origin". Am. J. Gastroenterol. 92 (7): 1148–53. PMID 9219788.