Lung abscess classification: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Lung abscess is defined as an [[infection]] of [[lung]] resulting in [[necrosis]] of lung [[parenchyma]]. It can be classified into three categories based on the duration of symptoms, etiology, and mode of spread as acute or chronic, primary or secondary and bronchogenic or hematogenic. | |||
==Classification== | ==Classification== | ||
===Based on duration of symptoms=== | ===Based on duration of symptoms=== | ||
*'''Acute:''' If the duration of symptoms is less than 4-6 weeks before presenting to medical care.<ref name="pmid18158141">{{cite journal |vauthors=Puligandla PS, Laberge JM |title=Respiratory infections: pneumonia, lung abscess, and empyema |journal=Semin. Pediatr. Surg. |volume=17 |issue=1 |pages=42–52 |year=2008 |pmid=18158141 |doi=10.1053/j.sempedsurg.2007.10.007 |url=}}</ref> | *'''Acute:''' If the duration of symptoms is less than 4-6 weeks before presenting to medical care.<ref name="pmid18158141">{{cite journal |vauthors=Puligandla PS, Laberge JM |title=Respiratory infections: pneumonia, lung abscess, and empyema |journal=Semin. Pediatr. Surg. |volume=17 |issue=1 |pages=42–52 |year=2008 |pmid=18158141 |doi=10.1053/j.sempedsurg.2007.10.007 |url=}}</ref> | ||
*'''Chronic:''' If the symptoms | *'''Chronic:''' If the symptoms persist for more than 6 weeks. | ||
===Based on Etiology=== | ===Based on Etiology=== | ||
*'''Primary:''' When the abscess develops after lung infection in previously healthy persons or in patients prone to aspiration <ref>{{cite book | last = Bennett | first = John | title = Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious diseases | publisher = Elsevier/Saunders | location = Philadelphia, PA | year = 2015 | isbn = 978-1455748013 }}</ref> | *'''Primary:''' When the abscess develops after lung infection in previously healthy persons or in patients prone to [[aspiration]]. <ref>{{cite book | last = Bennett | first = John | title = Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious diseases | publisher = Elsevier/Saunders | location = Philadelphia, PA | year = 2015 | isbn = 978-1455748013 }}</ref> | ||
*'''Secondary:''' Abscess formation in patients due to complications of a co-existing lung disease such as post obstructive process (bronchial obstruction due to tumor , foreign body or enlarged lymphnodes) and systemic process resulting in decreased immune response like HIV, and patients on | *'''Secondary:''' [[Abscess]] formation in patients due to complications of a co-existing [[lung]] [[disease]] such as post obstructive process ([[Lung cancer|bronchial obstruction due to tumor]], [[Foreign body in respiratory tract|foreign body]] or [[Lymphadenopathy|enlarged lymphnodes]]) and systemic process resulting in [[Immune response|decreased immune response]] like [[HIV AIDS|HIV,]] and patients on [[immunosuppressants]] and [[corticosteroids]]. | ||
=== Based on mode of spread === | === Based on mode of spread === | ||
'''Bronchiogenic:''' Abscess formation is due to aspiration and inhalation.<ref name="pmid18158141">{{cite journal |vauthors=Puligandla PS, Laberge JM |title=Respiratory infections: pneumonia, lung abscess, and empyema |journal=Semin. Pediatr. Surg. |volume=17 |issue=1 |pages=42–52 |year=2008 |pmid=18158141 |doi=10.1053/j.sempedsurg.2007.10.007 |url=}}</ref> | '''Bronchiogenic:''' Abscess formation is due to aspiration and [[inhalation]].<ref name="pmid18158141">{{cite journal |vauthors=Puligandla PS, Laberge JM |title=Respiratory infections: pneumonia, lung abscess, and empyema |journal=Semin. Pediatr. Surg. |volume=17 |issue=1 |pages=42–52 |year=2008 |pmid=18158141 |doi=10.1053/j.sempedsurg.2007.10.007 |url=}}</ref> | ||
*Aspiration of oropharyngeal secretions | *[[Aspiration]] of [[Pharynx|oropharyngeal secretions]]. | ||
*Bronchial obstruction by tumor | *[[Bronchial Cancer|Bronchial obstruction by a tumor]]. | ||
*Foreign body, congenital malformations, and enlarged lymph nodes | *[[Foreign body in respiratory tract|Foreign body]], [[congenital malformations]], and [[Lymphadenopathy|enlarged lymph nodes]]. | ||
'''Hematogenic:''' Abscess formation due to dissemination of causative agents from other infected sites | '''Hematogenic:''' Abscess formation due to dissemination of causative agents from other [[infected]] sites | ||
*Infective endocarditis | *[[Infective endocarditis]]. | ||
*Abdominal sepsis | *[[Abdominal]] [[sepsis]]. | ||
*Septic thromboembolism | *[[Thromboembolism|Septic thromboembolism]]. | ||
== Reference == | == Reference == | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
[[Category:Pulmonology]] | [[Category:Pulmonology]] | ||
[[Category:Emergency mdicine]] | |||
[[Category:Disease]] | |||
[[Category:Up-To-Date]] | |||
[[Category:Infectious disease]] | [[Category:Infectious disease]] | ||
Latest revision as of 22:33, 29 July 2020
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Lung abscess Microchapters |
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Lung abscess classification On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Lung abscess classification |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Lung abscess classification |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aditya Ganti M.B.B.S. [2]
Overview
Lung abscess is defined as an infection of lung resulting in necrosis of lung parenchyma. It can be classified into three categories based on the duration of symptoms, etiology, and mode of spread as acute or chronic, primary or secondary and bronchogenic or hematogenic.
Classification
Based on duration of symptoms
- Acute: If the duration of symptoms is less than 4-6 weeks before presenting to medical care.[1]
- Chronic: If the symptoms persist for more than 6 weeks.
Based on Etiology
- Primary: When the abscess develops after lung infection in previously healthy persons or in patients prone to aspiration. [2]
- Secondary: Abscess formation in patients due to complications of a co-existing lung disease such as post obstructive process (bronchial obstruction due to tumor, foreign body or enlarged lymphnodes) and systemic process resulting in decreased immune response like HIV, and patients on immunosuppressants and corticosteroids.
Based on mode of spread
Bronchiogenic: Abscess formation is due to aspiration and inhalation.[1]
- Aspiration of oropharyngeal secretions.
- Bronchial obstruction by a tumor.
- Foreign body, congenital malformations, and enlarged lymph nodes.
Hematogenic: Abscess formation due to dissemination of causative agents from other infected sites
Reference
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Puligandla PS, Laberge JM (2008). "Respiratory infections: pneumonia, lung abscess, and empyema". Semin. Pediatr. Surg. 17 (1): 42–52. doi:10.1053/j.sempedsurg.2007.10.007. PMID 18158141.
- ↑ Bennett, John (2015). Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious diseases. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier/Saunders. ISBN 978-1455748013.