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| __NOTOC__
| | #REDIRECT[[Borrelia burgdorferi]] |
| {{Lyme disease}}
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| {{CMG}}
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| ==Overview==
| | [[Category:Emergency mdicine]] |
| Lyme disease is caused by [[Gram-negative]] [[spirochetal]] [[bacteria]] from the [[genus]] ''[[Borrelia]]''. At least 37 ''Borrelia'' species have been described, 12 of which are Lyme related. The ''Borrelia'' [[species]] known to cause Lyme disease are collectively known as ''Borrelia burgdorferi'' sensu lato, and have been found to have greater [[genetic diversity|strain diversity]] than previously estimated.<ref name="Bunikis-a">{{cite journal | author=Bunikis J, Garpmo U, Tsao J, Berglund J, Fish D, Barbour AG | title=Sequence typing reveals extensive strain diversity of the Lyme borreliosis agents ''Borrelia burgdorferi'' in North America and ''Borrelia afzelii'' in Europe | journal=Microbiology | year=2004 | pages=1741-55 | volume=150 | issue=Pt 6 | pmid= 15184561 | url=http://mic.sgmjournals.org/cgi/reprint/150/6/1741.pdf | format=PDF}}</ref>
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| Until recently it was thought that only three genospecies caused Lyme disease: ''B. burgdorferi'' sensu stricto (predominant in North America, but also in Europe), ''B. afzelii'', and ''B. garinii'' (both predominant in Eurasia). However, newly discovered genospecies have also been found to cause disease in humans.
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| ==Causes==
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| [[Image:Borrelia image.jpg|left|150px|''[[Borrelia]]'' bacteria, the causative agent of Lyme disease. Magnified 400 times.]]
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| *Lyme disease is caused by bacteria called Borrelia burgdorferi (B. burgdorferi). Blacklegged ticks carry these bacteria. The ticks pick up the bacteria when they bite mice or deer that are infected with Lyme disease. You can get the disease if you are bitten by an infected tick.
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| *Lyme disease was first reported in the United States in the town of Old Lyme, Connecticut, in 1975. In the United States, most Lyme disease infections occur in the following areas:
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| :*Northeastern states, from Virginia to Maine
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| :*North-central states, mostly in Wisconsin and Minnesota
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| :*West Coast, particularly northern California
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| *Important facts about tick bites and Lyme disease
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| :*In most cases, a tick must be attached to your body for 24 - 36 hours to spread the bacteria to your blood.
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| :*Blacklegged ticks can be so small that they are almost impossible to see. Many people with Lyme disease never even saw a tick on their body.
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| :*Most people who are bitten by a tick do not get Lyme disease.
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| <gallery>
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| Image: Anaplasma phagocytophilum05.jpeg| Dorsal view of an adult female western blacklegged tick, ''Ixodes pacificus'' which has been shown to transmit Borrelia burgdorferi, the agent of Lyme disease. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp From Public Health Image Library (PHIL).] ''<ref name=PHIL> {{Cite web | title = Public Health Image Library (PHIL) | url = http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
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| Image: Anaplasma phagocytophilum04.jpeg| Dorsal view of an adult female western blacklegged tick, ''Ixodes pacificus'' which has been shown to transmit Borrelia burgdorferi, the agent of Lyme disease. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp From Public Health Image Library (PHIL).] ''<ref name=PHIL> {{Cite web | title = Public Health Image Library (PHIL) | url = http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
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| Image: Anaplasma phagocytophilum03.jpeg| Scanning electron micrographic (SEM) image depicts dorsal view of an unidentified engorged female tick, extracted from the skin of a pet cat, viewed under low magnification of 26X. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp From Public Health Image Library (PHIL).] ''<ref name=PHIL> {{Cite web | title = Public Health Image Library (PHIL) | url = http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
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| Image: Anaplasma phagocytophilum02.jpeg| Scanning electron micrographic (SEM) image depicts dorsal view of an unidentified engorged female tick, extracted from the skin of a pet cat while in the process of obtaining its blood meal (207X magnification). The wrinkled, expandable tissue enables the tick to ingest huge quantities of blood. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp From Public Health Image Library (PHIL).] ''<ref name=PHIL> {{Cite web | title = Public Health Image Library (PHIL) | url = http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
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| Image: Anaplasma phagocytophilum01.jpeg| Scanning electron micrographic (SEM) image depicts dorsal view of an unidentified engorged female tick, wextracted from the skin of a pet cat while in the process of obtaining its blood meal (201X magnification). <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp From Public Health Image Library (PHIL).] ''<ref name=PHIL> {{Cite web | title = Public Health Image Library (PHIL) | url = http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
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| </gallery>)
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| ==References==
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| {{reflist|2}}
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| [[Category:Bacterial diseases]]
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| [[Category:Insect-borne diseases]]
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| [[Category:Lyme disease]]
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| [[Category:Zoonoses]]
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| [[Category:Spirochaetes]] | |
| [[Category:Disease]] | | [[Category:Disease]] |
| | [[Category:Up-To-Date]] |
| [[Category:Infectious disease]] | | [[Category:Infectious disease]] |
| | [[Category:Ophthalmology]] |
| | [[Category:Neurology]] |
| [[Category:Dermatology]] | | [[Category:Dermatology]] |
| [[Category:Emergency medicine]] | | [[Category:Cardiology]] |
| [[Category:Intensive care medicine]] | | [[Category:Rheumatology]] |
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