Mastoiditis risk factors: Difference between revisions

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==Overview==
==Overview==
The risk factors for [[mastoiditis]] are related to [[acute otitis media]] risk factors. These include: [[allergy]], [[upper respiratory tract infection]], [[snoring]], previous history of [[acute otitis media]], passive smoking, [[smoking]] during pregnancy, low social status. Exposure of infants to day-care centers is a controversial risk factor.
Risk factors for [[mastoiditis]] are related to [[acute otitis media]] risk factors. These include: [[allergy]], [[upper respiratory tract infection]], [[snoring]], previous history of [[acute otitis media]], passive smoker, [[smoking]] during pregnancy, and low social status. Exposure of infants to day-care centers is a controversial risk factor.
<ref name="pmid24466073" />
<ref name="pmid24466073" />


==Common Risk Factors==
==Common Risk Factors==
The risk factors for [[mastoiditis]] are related to [[acute otitis media]] risk factors.
Risk factors for [[mastoiditis]] are related to [[acute otitis media]] risk factors.


=== Risk factors for acute mastoiditis: ===
=== Risk factors for acute mastoiditis ===
* [[Allergy]]
* [[Allergy]]
* [[Upper respiratory tract infection]]
* [[Upper respiratory tract infection]]
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* Low social status<ref name="pmid24466073">{{cite journal |vauthors=Zhang Y, Xu M, Zhang J, Zeng L, Wang Y, Zheng QY |title=Risk factors for chronic and recurrent otitis media-a meta-analysis |journal=PLoS ONE |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=e86397 |year=2014 |pmid=24466073 |pmc=3900534 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0086397 |url=}}</ref>
* Low social status<ref name="pmid24466073">{{cite journal |vauthors=Zhang Y, Xu M, Zhang J, Zeng L, Wang Y, Zheng QY |title=Risk factors for chronic and recurrent otitis media-a meta-analysis |journal=PLoS ONE |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=e86397 |year=2014 |pmid=24466073 |pmc=3900534 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0086397 |url=}}</ref>


=== Risk factors for subacute mastoiditis: ===
=== Risk factors for subacute mastoiditis ===
* Infancy  
* Infancy  
* Elderly  
* Elderly  
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== Less Common Risk Factors ==
== Less Common Risk Factors ==
The other risk factor that is controversial is the exposure of infants to day-care centers. Day care attendance may cause an increased incidence of upper airways infections and [[acute otitis media]] and therefore [[mastoiditis]]. Countries with different start age for child care in day-care centers show differences in [[incidence]] peaks of [[acute otitis media]].<ref name="pmid22832239">{{cite journal |vauthors=Groth A, Enoksson F, Hultcrantz M, Stalfors J, Stenfeldt K, Hermansson A |title=Acute mastoiditis in children aged 0-16 years--a national study of 678 cases in Sweden comparing different age groups |journal=Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol. |volume=76 |issue=10 |pages=1494–500 |year=2012 |pmid=22832239 |doi=10.1016/j.ijporl.2012.07.002 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid9018253">{{cite journal |vauthors=Harley EH, Sdralis T, Berkowitz RG |title=Acute mastoiditis in children: a 12-year retrospective study |journal=Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg |volume=116 |issue=1 |pages=26–30 |year=1997 |pmid=9018253 |doi=10.1016/S0194-59989770347-4 |url=}}</ref>
A controversial risk factor is the exposure of infants to day-care centers. Day care attendance may cause an increased incidence of [[Upper respiratory infection|upper respiratory]] infections and [[acute otitis media]] and therefore, [[mastoiditis]]. Countries with variations in the age of starting a day-care have shown differences in [[incidence]] peaks of [[acute otitis media]].<ref name="pmid22832239">{{cite journal |vauthors=Groth A, Enoksson F, Hultcrantz M, Stalfors J, Stenfeldt K, Hermansson A |title=Acute mastoiditis in children aged 0-16 years--a national study of 678 cases in Sweden comparing different age groups |journal=Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol. |volume=76 |issue=10 |pages=1494–500 |year=2012 |pmid=22832239 |doi=10.1016/j.ijporl.2012.07.002 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid9018253">{{cite journal |vauthors=Harley EH, Sdralis T, Berkowitz RG |title=Acute mastoiditis in children: a 12-year retrospective study |journal=Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg |volume=116 |issue=1 |pages=26–30 |year=1997 |pmid=9018253 |doi=10.1016/S0194-59989770347-4 |url=}}</ref>


==References==
==References==
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[[Category:Emergency mdicine]]
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Up-To-Date]]
[[Category:Infectious disease]]
[[Category:Otolaryngology]]
[[Category:Surgery]]

Latest revision as of 22:39, 29 July 2020

Mastoiditis Microchapters

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Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mehrian Jafarizade, M.D [2]

Overview

Risk factors for mastoiditis are related to acute otitis media risk factors. These include: allergy, upper respiratory tract infection, snoring, previous history of acute otitis media, passive smoker, smoking during pregnancy, and low social status. Exposure of infants to day-care centers is a controversial risk factor. [1]

Common Risk Factors

Risk factors for mastoiditis are related to acute otitis media risk factors.

Risk factors for acute mastoiditis

Risk factors for subacute mastoiditis

Less Common Risk Factors

A controversial risk factor is the exposure of infants to day-care centers. Day care attendance may cause an increased incidence of upper respiratory infections and acute otitis media and therefore, mastoiditis. Countries with variations in the age of starting a day-care have shown differences in incidence peaks of acute otitis media.[3][4]

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 Zhang Y, Xu M, Zhang J, Zeng L, Wang Y, Zheng QY (2014). "Risk factors for chronic and recurrent otitis media-a meta-analysis". PLoS ONE. 9 (1): e86397. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0086397. PMC 3900534. PMID 24466073.
  2. Holt GR, Gates GA (1983). "Masked mastoiditis". Laryngoscope. 93 (8): 1034–7. PMID 6877011.
  3. Groth A, Enoksson F, Hultcrantz M, Stalfors J, Stenfeldt K, Hermansson A (2012). "Acute mastoiditis in children aged 0-16 years--a national study of 678 cases in Sweden comparing different age groups". Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol. 76 (10): 1494–500. doi:10.1016/j.ijporl.2012.07.002. PMID 22832239.
  4. Harley EH, Sdralis T, Berkowitz RG (1997). "Acute mastoiditis in children: a 12-year retrospective study". Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 116 (1): 26–30. doi:10.1016/S0194-59989770347-4. PMID 9018253.

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