Mucormycosis classification: Difference between revisions
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Mucormycosis may be classified based on the [[organ system]] involvement as follows: | Mucormycosis may be classified based on the [[organ system]] involvement as follows: | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
!Type | ! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Type | ||
!High risk group | ! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |High risk group | ||
!Transmission | ! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Transmission | ||
!Signs and Symptoms | ! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Signs and Symptoms | ||
!Complications | ! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Complications | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Rhinocerebral mucormycosis | |Rhinocerebral mucormycosis | ||
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*It occurs most commonly in debilitated patients (specially those presenting with [[diabetic ketoacidosis]])<ref name="urlRhinocerebral mucormycosis: Predisposing factors - Mcnulty - 1982 - The Laryngoscope - Wiley Online Library">{{cite web |url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1288/00005537-198910000-00006/full |title=Rhinocerebral mucormycosis: Predisposing factors - Mcnulty - 1982 - The Laryngoscope - Wiley Online Library |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref> and those undergoing [[hematopoietic stem cell]] [[transplantation]]<ref name="urlEpidemiology and Outcome of Mould Infections in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients | Clinical Infectious Diseases | Oxford Academic">{{cite web |url=https://academic.oup.com/cid/article/34/7/909/316117/Epidemiology-and-Outcome-of-Mould-Infections-in |title=Epidemiology and Outcome of Mould Infections in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients | Clinical Infectious Diseases | Oxford Academic |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref> | |||
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* Rhinocerebral mucormycosis is by far the most common form of the disease. | * Rhinocerebral mucormycosis is by far the most common form of the disease. | ||
* Acquired by: | * Acquired by: | ||
** Perineural spread<ref name="pmid17667114">{{cite journal |vauthors=Margo CE, Linden C, Strickland-Marmol LB, Denietolis AL, McCaffrey JC, Kirk N |title=Rhinocerebral mucormycosis with perineural spread |journal=Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg |volume=23 |issue=4 |pages=326–7 |year=2007 |pmid=17667114 |doi=10.1097/IOP.0b013e318070855b |url=}}</ref> | ** Perineural spread<ref name="pmid17667114">{{cite journal |vauthors=Margo CE, Linden C, Strickland-Marmol LB, Denietolis AL, McCaffrey JC, Kirk N |title=Rhinocerebral mucormycosis with perineural spread |journal=Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg |volume=23 |issue=4 |pages=326–7 |year=2007 |pmid=17667114 |doi=10.1097/IOP.0b013e318070855b |url=}}</ref> | ||
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|[[Pulmonary]] mucormycosis | |[[Pulmonary]] mucormycosis | ||
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* Most commonly occurs in [[Neutropenia|neutropenic]] and [[stem cell transplant]] patients<sup>[[Mucormycosis classification#cite note-pmid8504272-5|[5]]]</sup> | |||
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* Acquired by: | * Acquired by: | ||
** Inhalation | ** Inhalation | ||
| Line 60: | Line 60: | ||
|[[Cutaneous]] mucormycosis | |[[Cutaneous]] mucormycosis | ||
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* Acquired by disruption of the physiologic [[skin]] barrier: | * Acquired by disruption of the physiologic [[skin]] barrier: | ||
| Line 77: | Line 78: | ||
|[[Gastrointestinal]] mucormycosis | |[[Gastrointestinal]] mucormycosis | ||
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*Usually found in [[malnourished]] individuals, [[AIDS]] patients, [[SLE]] patients, <ref name="urlwww.nature.com">{{cite web |url=https://www.nature.com/ajg/journal/v93/n8/pdf/ajg1998307a.pdf |title=www.nature.com |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref> [[organ transplant]] recepients,<ref name="urlGASTRIC PERFORATION DUE TO MUCORMYCOSIS AFTER HEART-LUNG AND... : Transplantation">{{cite web |url=http://journals.lww.com/transplantjournal/Abstract/1998/10150/Gastric_Perforation_Due_To_Mucormycosis_After.21.aspx |title=GASTRIC PERFORATION DUE TO MUCORMYCOSIS AFTER HEART-LUNG AND... : Transplantation |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref> [[Infant|infants]] and children | |||
| | | | ||
* Rare occurrence | * Rare occurrence | ||
* Acquired by: | * Acquired by: | ||
** Ingestion of [[Fungus|Fungi]] | ** Ingestion of [[Fungus|Fungi]] | ||
| Line 93: | Line 94: | ||
|[[Disseminated disease|Disseminated]] mucormycosis | |[[Disseminated disease|Disseminated]] mucormycosis | ||
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*Patients on [[Immunosuppressive drug|immunosupressants]] and [[Antifungal drug|anti-fungal]] [[prophylaxis]] (escpecially [[voriconazole]]) are particularly susceptible to [[Disseminated disease|disseminated infection]]<ref name="urlZygomycosis in neutropenic patients with past Aspergillus infection: a role for posaconazole? - Ide - 2004 - Clinical Microbiology and Infection - Wiley Online Library">{{cite web |url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1469-0691.2004.00945.x/full |title=Zygomycosis in neutropenic patients with past Aspergillus infection: a role for posaconazole? - Ide - 2004 - Clinical Microbiology and Infection - Wiley Online Library |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref><ref name="urlBreakthrough Fungal Infections in Stem Cell Transplant Recipients Receiving Voriconazole | Clinical Infectious Diseases | Oxford Academic">{{cite web |url=https://academic.oup.com/cid/article/39/5/743/364418/Breakthrough-Fungal-Infections-in-Stem-Cell |title=Breakthrough Fungal Infections in Stem Cell Transplant Recipients Receiving Voriconazole | Clinical Infectious Diseases | Oxford Academic |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref> | |||
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* Acquired by: | * Acquired by: | ||
** Hematogenous spread is usually the most common route of [[Disseminated disease|dissemination]] and [[Lung|pulmonary]] mucormycosis is usually the culprit | ** Hematogenous spread is usually the most common route of [[Disseminated disease|dissemination]] and [[Lung|pulmonary]] mucormycosis is usually the culprit | ||
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{{WH}} | {{WH}} | ||
{{WS}} | {{WS}} | ||
[[Category:Emergency mdicine]] | |||
[[Category:Disease]] | |||
[[Category:Up-To-Date]] | |||
[[Category:Infectious disease]] | |||
[[Category:Gastroenterology]] | |||
[[Category:Otolaryngology]] | |||
[[Category:Nephrology]] | |||
[[Category:Dermatology]] | |||
[[Category:Pulmonology]] | |||
Latest revision as of 22:45, 29 July 2020
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Mucormycosis Microchapters |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Syed Hassan A. Kazmi BSc, MD [2]
Overview
Mucormycosis can be classified according to the organ system involved including brain, lungs, skin, GIT, bones, liver, spleen. Disseminated infection affects multiple organ systems.
Classification
Mucormycosis may be classified based on the organ system involvement as follows:
| Type | High risk group | Transmission | Signs and Symptoms | Complications |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rhinocerebral mucormycosis |
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| Pulmonary mucormycosis |
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| Cutaneous mucormycosis |
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| Gastrointestinal mucormycosis |
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| Disseminated mucormycosis |
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References
- ↑ "Rhinocerebral mucormycosis: Predisposing factors - Mcnulty - 1982 - The Laryngoscope - Wiley Online Library".
- ↑ "Epidemiology and Outcome of Mould Infections in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients | Clinical Infectious Diseases | Oxford Academic".
- ↑ Margo CE, Linden C, Strickland-Marmol LB, Denietolis AL, McCaffrey JC, Kirk N (2007). "Rhinocerebral mucormycosis with perineural spread". Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg. 23 (4): 326–7. doi:10.1097/IOP.0b013e318070855b. PMID 17667114.
- ↑ Hosseini SM, Borghei P (2005). "Rhinocerebral mucormycosis: pathways of spread". Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 262 (11): 932–8. doi:10.1007/s00405-005-0919-0. PMID 15891927.
- ↑ Khor BS, Lee MH, Leu HS, Liu JW (2003). "Rhinocerebral mucormycosis in Taiwan". J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 36 (4): 266–9. PMID 14723256.
- ↑ "Rhinocerebral Mucormycosis: Evolution of the Disease and Treatment Options - Peterson - 1997 - The Laryngoscope - Wiley Online Library".
- ↑ Tedder M, Spratt JA, Anstadt MP, Hegde SS, Tedder SD, Lowe JE (1994). "Pulmonary mucormycosis: results of medical and surgical therapy". Ann. Thorac. Surg. 57 (4): 1044–50. PMID 8166512.
- ↑ "Improved Outcome of Zygomycosis in Patients with Hematological Diseases?: Leukemia & Lymphoma: Vol 45, No 7".
- ↑ "Cutaneous Rhizopus Infection | JAMA | The JAMA Network".
- ↑ "Gangrenous Cutaneous Mucormycosis in a Child with a Solid Organ Transplant: A Case Report and Review of the Literature - Boyd - 2003 - Pediatric Dermatology - Wiley Online Library".
- ↑ "www.nature.com" (PDF).
- ↑ "GASTRIC PERFORATION DUE TO MUCORMYCOSIS AFTER HEART-LUNG AND... : Transplantation".
- ↑ "Zygomycosis in neutropenic patients with past Aspergillus infection: a role for posaconazole? - Ide - 2004 - Clinical Microbiology and Infection - Wiley Online Library".
- ↑ "Breakthrough Fungal Infections in Stem Cell Transplant Recipients Receiving Voriconazole | Clinical Infectious Diseases | Oxford Academic".
- ↑ STRAATSMA BR, ZIMMERMAN LE, GASS JD (1962). "Phycomycosis. A clinicopathologic study of fifty-one cases". Lab. Invest. 11: 963–85. PMID 13984484.