Mucormycosis physical examination: Difference between revisions

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Latest revision as of 22:46, 29 July 2020

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Syed Hassan A. Kazmi BSc, MD [2]

Overview

Patients with mucormycosis usually appear lethargic, weak and debilitated owing to its development in immune compromised patients. Physical examination of patients with mucormycosis is usually remarkable for skin necrosis with a black eschar, fever, chills, myalgias, sore throat, non-productive cough, abdominal pain.

Physical Examination

General appearance of the patient

Patients with mucormycosis usually appear weak and debilitated owing to its development in immune compromised individuals and patients with metabolic disorders.

Vital Signs

High-grade fever
Hypothermia/hyperthermia may be present in disseminated infection
Tachycardia
Tachypnea
Kussmal respirations may be present in diabetic patients who develop mucormycosis on a background of diabetic ketoacidosis
Weak pulse
Hypotension, if condition leads to septic shock

Skin

Skin may show tissue necrosis

Nasal and palatal findings

Gray or erythematous appearance
Can progress to black necrotic masses (ie, black eschar)
Swelling

Ocular findings

Visual loss secondary to retinal artery t hrombosis or direct fungal invasion

Neurologic findings

Palsies of cranial nerves II, III, IV, V, VI, and VII
Cerebral edema and vascular compromise may lead to coma and stroke

Pulmonary

Sore throat
Dyspnea on exertion
Non-productive cough
Crackles and rales on chest auscultation in pulmonary mucormycosis

GIT

Abdominal pain
Decreased bowel sounds

References

Template:WH Template:WS

@@ Line 4: / Line 4: @@
 ==Overview==
-Patients with mucormycosis usually appear lethargic, weak and debilitated owing to its development in immune compromised patients. Physical examination of patients with mucorm ycosis is usually remarkable for [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
+Patients with mucormycosis usually appear [[lethargic]], weak and debilitated owing to its development in [[Immunocompromised|immune compromised]] patients. Physical examination of patients with mucormycosis is usually remarkable for [[skin]] [[necrosis]] with a black [[eschar]], [[fever]], [[chills]], [[myalgias]], sore throat, [[Cough|non-productive cough]], [[abdominal]] pain.
 ==Physical Examination==
-Appearence of the patient
-*Patients with mucormycosis usually appear weak and debilitated owing to its development in immune compromised individuals and patients with metabolic disorders.
+=== General appearance of the patient ===
-Vital Signs
+*Patients with mucormycosis usually appear weak and debilitated owing to its development in [[Immunocompromised|immune compromised]] individuals and patients with [[metabolic]] disorders.
-*High-grade fever
-*Hypothermia/hyperthermia may be present in disseminated infection
+=== Vital Signs ===
-*Tachycardia
+*High-grade [[fever]]
-*Tachypnea
+*[[Hypothermia]]/[[hyperthermia]] may be present in [[Disseminated disease|disseminated infection]]
-*Kussmal respirations may be present in diabetic patients who develop mucormycosis on a background of diabetic ketoacidosis
+*[[Tachycardia]]
-*Weak pulse
+*[[Tachypnea]]
-*Low blood pressure if condition leads to septic shock
+*Kussmal respirations may be present in [[Diabetes mellitus|diabetic]] patients who develop mucormycosis on a background of [[diabetic ketoacidosis]]
-Skin
+*Weak [[pulse]]
-*Skin may show tissue necrosis
+*[[Hypotension]], if condition leads to [[septic shock]]
-Nasal and palatal findings of rhinocerebral mucormycosis include the following:
-*Gray or erythematous appearance
+=== [[Skin]] ===
-*Can progress to black necrotic masses (ie, black eschar)
+*[[Skin]] may show [[Tissue (biology)|tissue]] [[necrosis]]
-*Swelling
-Ocular findings include the following:
+=== [[Nasal]] and [[palatal]] findings ===
-*Proptosis
+*Gray or [[erythematous]] appearance
-*Muddy sclera
+*Can progress to black [[Necrotic tissue|necrotic]] masses (ie, black eschar)
-*Conjunctival chemosis
+*[[Swelling]]
-*Ophthalmoplegia
-*Fixed pupil
+=== [[Ocular]] findings ===
+*[[Proptosis]]
+*Muddy [[sclera]]
+*[[Conjunctival]] [[chemosis]]
+*[[Ophthalmoplegia]]
+*Fixed [[pupil]]
 *Blindness
-*Nystagmus
+*[[Nystagmus]]
-Visual loss secondary to retinal artery thrombosis or direct fungal invasion
-Neurologic findings include the following:
+* Visual loss secondary to [[Retinal artery|retinal artery t]][[Thrombosis|hrombosis]] or direct [[fungal]] invasion
-*Palsies of cranial nerves II, III, IV, V, VI, and VII
-*Cerebral edema and vascular compromise may lead to coma and stroke
+=== [[Neurological|Neurologic]] findings ===
+*[[Palsy|Palsies]] of [[cranial nerves]] II, III, IV, V, VI, and VII
+*[[Cerebral]] [[edema]] and [[vascular]] compromise may lead to [[coma]] and [[stroke]]
+=== [[Pulmonary]] ===
+* Sore throat
+* [[Dyspnea on exertion]]
+* [[Cough|Non-productive cough]]
+* [[Crackles]] and [[Rales/Crackles|rales]] on chest [[auscultation]] in [[pulmonary]] mucormycosis
+=== GIT ===
+* [[Abdominal]] [[pain]]
+* Decreased [[bowel]] sounds
+==References==
+{{Reflist|2}}
+{{WH}}
+{{WS}}
+[[Category:Emergency mdicine]]
+[[Category:Disease]]
+[[Category:Up-To-Date]]
+[[Category:Infectious disease]]
+[[Category:Gastroenterology]]
+[[Category:Otolaryngology]]
+[[Category:Nephrology]]
+[[Category:Dermatology]]
+[[Category:Pulmonology]]