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==Overview==
==Overview==
Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scan may be diagnostic of multiple myeloma.<ref>Diagnosing multiple myeloma. Canadian Cancer Society (2015) http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/multiple-myeloma/diagnosis/?region=mb#blood_chem Accessed on September, 20th 2015</ref><ref>Multiple myeloma. Radiopaedia (2015)http://radiopaedia.org/articles/multiple-myeloma-1 Accessed on September, 20th 2015</ref><ref name="pmid19304704">{{cite journal| author=Shortt CP, Gleeson TG, Breen KA, McHugh J, O'Connell MJ, O'Gorman PJ et al.| title=Whole-Body MRI versus PET in assessment of multiple myeloma disease activity. | journal=AJR Am J Roentgenol | year= 2009 | volume= 192 | issue= 4 | pages= 980-6 | pmid=19304704 | doi=10.2214/AJR.08.1633 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19304704  }} </ref><ref name="pmid23521465">{{cite journal| author=Agarwal A, Chirindel A, Shah BA, Subramaniam RM| title=Evolving role of FDG PET/CT in multiple myeloma imaging and management. | journal=AJR Am J Roentgenol | year= 2013 | volume= 200 | issue= 4 | pages= 884-90 | pmid=23521465 | doi=10.2214/AJR.12.9653 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23521465  }} </ref>
[[Positron emission tomography]] (PET) scan may be diagnostic of multiple myeloma. Findings on PET scan suggestive of multiple myeloma include uptake of the F18-FDG molecule by lesions of bone lysis seen on PET-CT scan.


==Positron Emission Tomography Scan==
==Positron Emission Tomography Scan==
*[[Positron emission tomography]] (PET) scan is a highly specific diagnostic tool for diagnosing multiple myeloma.<ref name="pmid19304704">{{cite journal| author=Shortt CP, Gleeson TG, Breen KA, McHugh J, O'Connell MJ, O'Gorman PJ et al.| title=Whole-Body MRI versus PET in assessment of multiple myeloma disease activity. | journal=AJR Am J Roentgenol | year= 2009 | volume= 192 | issue= 4 | pages= 980-6 | pmid=19304704 | doi=10.2214/AJR.08.1633 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19304704  }} </ref><ref name="pmid23521465">{{cite journal| author=Agarwal A, Chirindel A, Shah BA, Subramaniam RM| title=Evolving role of FDG PET/CT in multiple myeloma imaging and management. | journal=AJR Am J Roentgenol | year= 2013 | volume= 200 | issue= 4 | pages= 884-90 | pmid=23521465 | doi=10.2214/AJR.12.9653 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23521465  }} </ref>
*[[Positron emission tomography]] ([[PET]]) scan is a highly sensitive and specific diagnostic tool for [[Diagnosis|diagnosing]] [[multiple myeloma]].<ref name="pmid19304704">{{cite journal| author=Shortt CP, Gleeson TG, Breen KA, McHugh J, O'Connell MJ, O'Gorman PJ et al.| title=Whole-Body MRI versus PET in assessment of multiple myeloma disease activity. | journal=AJR Am J Roentgenol | year= 2009 | volume= 192 | issue= 4 | pages= 980-6 | pmid=19304704 | doi=10.2214/AJR.08.1633 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19304704  }} </ref><ref name="pmid23521465">{{cite journal| author=Agarwal A, Chirindel A, Shah BA, Subramaniam RM| title=Evolving role of FDG PET/CT in multiple myeloma imaging and management. | journal=AJR Am J Roentgenol | year= 2013 | volume= 200 | issue= 4 | pages= 884-90 | pmid=23521465 | doi=10.2214/AJR.12.9653 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23521465  }} </ref><ref name="pmid27476706">{{cite journal |vauthors=Gerecke C, Fuhrmann S, Strifler S, Schmidt-Hieber M, Einsele H, Knop S |title=The Diagnosis and Treatment of Multiple Myeloma |journal=Dtsch Arztebl Int |volume=113 |issue=27-28 |pages=470–6 |date=July 2016 |pmid=27476706 |pmc=4973001 |doi=10.3238/arztebl.2016.0470 |url=}}</ref><ref name="C">Diagnosing multiple myeloma. Canadian Cancer Society (2015) http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/multiple-myeloma/diagnosis/?region=mb#blood_chem Accessed on September, 20th 2015</ref>
*Uptake of the F18-FDG molecule by lesions of multiple myeloma corresponds to areas of bone lysis seen on PET-CT scan.<ref>Multiple myeloma. Radiopaedia (2015)http://radiopaedia.org/articles/multiple-myeloma-1 Accessed on September, 20th 2015</ref>
*Uptake of the F18-[[Fluorodeoxyglucose|FDG]] molecule by [[lesions]] of [[multiple myeloma]] corresponds to areas of bone lysis seen on [[PET scan|PET]]-[[CT-scans|CT]] scan.<ref name="r">Multiple myeloma. Radiopaedia (2015)http://radiopaedia.org/articles/multiple-myeloma-1 Accessed on September, 20th 2015</ref><ref name="pmid27476706">{{cite journal |vauthors=Gerecke C, Fuhrmann S, Strifler S, Schmidt-Hieber M, Einsele H, Knop S |title=The Diagnosis and Treatment of Multiple Myeloma |journal=Dtsch Arztebl Int |volume=113 |issue=27-28 |pages=470–6 |date=July 2016 |pmid=27476706 |pmc=4973001 |doi=10.3238/arztebl.2016.0470 |url=}}</ref>
*PET scan is superior than either CT scan or MRI for diagnosis of multiple myeloma.<ref name="pmid19304704">{{cite journal| author=Shortt CP, Gleeson TG, Breen KA, McHugh J, O'Connell MJ, O'Gorman PJ et al.| title=Whole-Body MRI versus PET in assessment of multiple myeloma disease activity. | journal=AJR Am J Roentgenol | year= 2009 | volume= 192 | issue= 4 | pages= 980-6 | pmid=19304704 | doi=10.2214/AJR.08.1633 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19304704  }} </ref><ref name="pmid23521465">{{cite journal| author=Agarwal A, Chirindel A, Shah BA, Subramaniam RM| title=Evolving role of FDG PET/CT in multiple myeloma imaging and management. | journal=AJR Am J Roentgenol | year= 2013 | volume= 200 | issue= 4 | pages= 884-90 | pmid=23521465 | doi=10.2214/AJR.12.9653 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23521465  }} </ref><ref>Diagnosing multiple myeloma. Canadian Cancer Society (2015) http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/multiple-myeloma/diagnosis/?region=mb#blood_chem Accessed on September, 20th 2015</ref>
*[[PET scan]] is superior to either [[CT scan]] or [[X-ray]] for [[diagnosis]] of lytic [[lesions]] of [[multiple myeloma]].<ref name="pmid19304704">{{cite journal| author=Shortt CP, Gleeson TG, Breen KA, McHugh J, O'Connell MJ, O'Gorman PJ et al.| title=Whole-Body MRI versus PET in assessment of multiple myeloma disease activity. | journal=AJR Am J Roentgenol | year= 2009 | volume= 192 | issue= 4 | pages= 980-6 | pmid=19304704 | doi=10.2214/AJR.08.1633 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19304704  }} </ref><ref name="pmid23521465">{{cite journal| author=Agarwal A, Chirindel A, Shah BA, Subramaniam RM| title=Evolving role of FDG PET/CT in multiple myeloma imaging and management. | journal=AJR Am J Roentgenol | year= 2013 | volume= 200 | issue= 4 | pages= 884-90 | pmid=23521465 | doi=10.2214/AJR.12.9653 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23521465 }} </ref><ref name="C">Diagnosing multiple myeloma. Canadian Cancer Society (2015) http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/multiple-myeloma/diagnosis/?region=mb#blood_chem Accessed on September, 20th 2015</ref>
*In addition, PET scan is useful in the detection of cancer spread to distant lymph nodes.<ref name="pmid19304704">{{cite journal| author=Shortt CP, Gleeson TG, Breen KA, McHugh J, O'Connell MJ, O'Gorman PJ et al.| title=Whole-Body MRI versus PET in assessment of multiple myeloma disease activity. | journal=AJR Am J Roentgenol | year= 2009 | volume= 192 | issue= 4 | pages= 980-6 | pmid=19304704 | doi=10.2214/AJR.08.1633 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19304704 }} </ref><ref name="pmid23521465">{{cite journal| author=Agarwal A, Chirindel A, Shah BA, Subramaniam RM| title=Evolving role of FDG PET/CT in multiple myeloma imaging and management. | journal=AJR Am J Roentgenol | year= 2013 | volume= 200 | issue= 4 | pages= 884-90 | pmid=23521465 | doi=10.2214/AJR.12.9653 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23521465  }} </ref>
*[[PET scan]] is useful in the detection of [[cancer]] spread to distant [[lymph node]]s.<ref name="pmid19304704">{{cite journal| author=Shortt CP, Gleeson TG, Breen KA, McHugh J, O'Connell MJ, O'Gorman PJ et al.| title=Whole-Body MRI versus PET in assessment of multiple myeloma disease activity. | journal=AJR Am J Roentgenol | year= 2009 | volume= 192 | issue= 4 | pages= 980-6 | pmid=19304704 | doi=10.2214/AJR.08.1633 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19304704  }} </ref><ref name="pmid23521465">{{cite journal| author=Agarwal A, Chirindel A, Shah BA, Subramaniam RM| title=Evolving role of FDG PET/CT in multiple myeloma imaging and management. | journal=AJR Am J Roentgenol | year= 2013 | volume= 200 | issue= 4 | pages= 884-90 | pmid=23521465 | doi=10.2214/AJR.12.9653 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23521465  }} </ref>
*When PET scan is used in combination with MRI the diagnostic efficacy may almost reach 100%.<ref name="pmid19304704">{{cite journal| author=Shortt CP, Gleeson TG, Breen KA, McHugh J, O'Connell MJ, O'Gorman PJ et al.| title=Whole-Body MRI versus PET in assessment of multiple myeloma disease activity. | journal=AJR Am J Roentgenol | year= 2009 | volume= 192 | issue= 4 | pages= 980-6 | pmid=19304704 | doi=10.2214/AJR.08.1633 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19304704  }} </ref><ref name="pmid23521465">{{cite journal| author=Agarwal A, Chirindel A, Shah BA, Subramaniam RM| title=Evolving role of FDG PET/CT in multiple myeloma imaging and management. | journal=AJR Am J Roentgenol | year= 2013 | volume= 200 | issue= 4 | pages= 884-90 | pmid=23521465 | doi=10.2214/AJR.12.9653 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23521465  }} </ref>
*[[PET scan]] assess for [[spleen]] involvement more readily than other [[imaging]] modalities.
*The use of PET scan has led to earlier diagnosis of multiple myeloma annd increased the accuracy of therapy response assessment.<ref name="pmid19421229">{{cite journal| author=Dimopoulos M, Terpos E, Comenzo RL, Tosi P, Beksac M, Sezer O et al.| title=International myeloma working group consensus statement and guidelines regarding the current role of imaging techniques in the diagnosis and monitoring of multiple Myeloma. | journal=Leukemia | year= 2009 | volume= 23 | issue= 9 | pages= 1545-56 | pmid=19421229 | doi=10.1038/leu.2009.89 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19421229 }} </ref>
*The use of [[PET scan]] has led to earlier [[diagnosis]] of [[multiple myeloma]] and increased the accuracy of therapy response assessment.<ref name="pmid19421229">{{cite journal| author=Dimopoulos M, Terpos E, Comenzo RL, Tosi P, Beksac M, Sezer O et al.| title=International myeloma working group consensus statement and guidelines regarding the current role of imaging techniques in the diagnosis and monitoring of multiple Myeloma. | journal=Leukemia | year= 2009 | volume= 23 | issue= 9 | pages= 1545-56 | pmid=19421229 | doi=10.1038/leu.2009.89 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19421229 }} </ref>
*PET scan has still not been employed as a standard of care by the International Myeloma Working Group.<ref name="pmid19421229">{{cite journal| author=Dimopoulos M, Terpos E, Comenzo RL, Tosi P, Beksac M, Sezer O et al.| title=International myeloma working group consensus statement and guidelines regarding the current role of imaging techniques in the diagnosis and monitoring of multiple Myeloma. | journal=Leukemia | year= 2009 | volume= 23 | issue= 9 | pages= 1545-56 | pmid=19421229 | doi=10.1038/leu.2009.89 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19421229  }} </ref>
*[[PET scan]] has still not been employed as a [[standard]] of care by the '''International Myeloma Working Group'''.<ref name="pmid19421229">{{cite journal| author=Dimopoulos M, Terpos E, Comenzo RL, Tosi P, Beksac M, Sezer O et al.| title=International myeloma working group consensus statement and guidelines regarding the current role of imaging techniques in the diagnosis and monitoring of multiple Myeloma. | journal=Leukemia | year= 2009 | volume= 23 | issue= 9 | pages= 1545-56 | pmid=19421229 | doi=10.1038/leu.2009.89 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19421229  }} </ref>
 
==References==
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}


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Latest revision as of 22:47, 29 July 2020

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Haytham Allaham, M.D. [2] Shyam Patel [3]

Overview

Positron emission tomography (PET) scan may be diagnostic of multiple myeloma. Findings on PET scan suggestive of multiple myeloma include uptake of the F18-FDG molecule by lesions of bone lysis seen on PET-CT scan.

Positron Emission Tomography Scan

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Shortt CP, Gleeson TG, Breen KA, McHugh J, O'Connell MJ, O'Gorman PJ; et al. (2009). "Whole-Body MRI versus PET in assessment of multiple myeloma disease activity". AJR Am J Roentgenol. 192 (4): 980–6. doi:10.2214/AJR.08.1633. PMID 19304704.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Agarwal A, Chirindel A, Shah BA, Subramaniam RM (2013). "Evolving role of FDG PET/CT in multiple myeloma imaging and management". AJR Am J Roentgenol. 200 (4): 884–90. doi:10.2214/AJR.12.9653. PMID 23521465.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Gerecke C, Fuhrmann S, Strifler S, Schmidt-Hieber M, Einsele H, Knop S (July 2016). "The Diagnosis and Treatment of Multiple Myeloma". Dtsch Arztebl Int. 113 (27–28): 470–6. doi:10.3238/arztebl.2016.0470. PMC 4973001. PMID 27476706.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Diagnosing multiple myeloma. Canadian Cancer Society (2015) http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/multiple-myeloma/diagnosis/?region=mb#blood_chem Accessed on September, 20th 2015
  5. ↑ Multiple myeloma. Radiopaedia (2015)http://radiopaedia.org/articles/multiple-myeloma-1 Accessed on September, 20th 2015
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Dimopoulos M, Terpos E, Comenzo RL, Tosi P, Beksac M, Sezer O; et al. (2009). "International myeloma working group consensus statement and guidelines regarding the current role of imaging techniques in the diagnosis and monitoring of multiple Myeloma". Leukemia. 23 (9): 1545–56. doi:10.1038/leu.2009.89. PMID 19421229.
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