Orthopnea: Difference between revisions

	Orthopnea Microchapters
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Patient Information
Overview
Historical Perspective
Classification
Pathophysiology
Causes
Differentiating Orthopnea from other Diseases
Epidemiology and Demographics
Risk Factors
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
Diagnosis
History and Symptoms
Physical Examination
Laboratory Findings
Electrocardiogram
Chest X Ray
CT
Echocardiography
Other Imaging Findings
Other Diagnostic Studies
Treatment
Medical Therapy
Surgery
Primary Prevention
Secondary Prevention
Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy
Future or Investigational Therapies
Case Studies
Case #1
Orthopnea On the Web
Most recent articles
Most cited articles
Review articles
CME Programs
Powerpoint slides
Images
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Orthopnea All Images X-rays Echo & Ultrasound CT Images MRI
Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov
US National Guidelines Clearinghouse
NICE Guidance
FDA on Orthopnea
CDC on Orthopnea
Orthopnea in the news
Blogs on Orthopnea
Directions to Hospitals Treating Orthopnea
Risk calculators and risk factors for Orthopnea

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Latest revision as of 23:26, 29 July 2020

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Orthopnea from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Treatment

Case Studies

Case #1

Template:WikiDoc Sources

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-{{Infobox_Disease |
+__NOTOC__
-  Name           = {{PAGENAME}} |
+{{Orthopnea}}
-  Image          = |
-  Caption        = |
+'''For patient information, click [[Orthopnea (patient information)|here]]'''
-  DiseasesDB     = |
-  ICD10          = |
-  ICD9           = |
-  ICDO           = |
-  OMIM           = |
-  MedlinePlus    = |
-  eMedicineSubj  = |
-  eMedicineTopic = |
-  MeshID         = |
-}}
-{{SI}}
 {{CMG}}
+== [[Orthopnea overview|Overview]] ==
+== [[Orthopnea historical perspective|Historical Perspective]] ==
-'''Orthopnea''' (Greek from ''ortho'', straight + ''pnoia'', breath) is [[dyspnea]] which occurs when lying flat, causing the person to have to sleep propped up in bed or sitting in a chair. Orthopnoea is a symptom of [[heart failure]]. It can also occur in those with [[asthma]] and chronic [[bronchitis]], as well as those with [[sleep apnea]] or [[panic disorder]]. The condition is often due to [[left ventricular failure]] and/or [[pulmonary edema]].  It is also associated with [[Polycystic Liver Disease]].
+== [[Orthopnea classification|Classification]] ==
-Patients with orthopnoea often complain of waking up suddenly during the night 'unable to breathe' if they have slipped down from their pillows into the supine position. They may run to the window to 'get some air'.
-It is commonly measured according to the number of pillows needed to prop the patient up to enable breathing (Example: "3 pillow orthopnea").
-See also: [[Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea]] which means that a patient wakes up short of breath.
-== Epidemiology and Demographics ==
-Orthopnea indicates [[heart failure]] in almost 95% of cases.
-==Pathophysiology==
-When a patient lies flat, pulmonary and venous pressure increases due to increase in venous return to the lungs.
-== Differential Diagnosis ==
-Othopnea is often observed among patients with [[left heart failure]] the causes of which are included in the list below.
-In alphabetical order. <ref>Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016</ref> <ref>Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:68 ISBN 140510368X</ref>
-=== Left Ventricular Failure ===
-'''Most Common Causes:'''
-* [[Aortic Regurgitation|Aortic regurgitation]]
-* [[Aortic Stenosis|Aortic stenosis]]
-* [[Hypertension]]
-* [[Mitral Regurgitation|Mitral regurgitation]]
-* [[Myocardial ischemia]]
-'''Expanded List of Causes:'''
-* [[Atrial fibrillation]]
-* [[Alcoholism]]
-* [[Anemia]]
-* [[Angina]]
-* [[Aortic Regurgitation|Aortic regurgitation]]
-* [[Aortic Stenosis]]
-* [[Arteriovenous fistula]]
-* [[Beriberi]]
-* Cardiac [[aneurysm]]
-* [[Cardiomyopathy]]
-* [[Constrictive pericarditis]]
-* [[Drugs]], [[toxin]]s
-* [[Hypertension]]
-* [[Hyperthyroidism]]
-* [[Hypovolemia]]
-* [[Hypoxia]]
-* Mediastinal tumors
-* [[Mitral Regurgitation]]
-* [[Myocardial Infarction]]
-* [[Paget's Disease]]
-* [[Pancoast's Tumor]]
-* [[Pericardial effusion]]
-* [[Pericardial tamponade]]
-* Perimyocarditis
-* [[Protein deficiency]]
-* [[Restrictive cardiomyopathy]]
-* [[Rupture of the papillary muscles]]
-* [[Sepsis]]
-* Superior Vena Cava Thrombosis
-== Diagnosis ==
-== History and Symptoms ==
-*Note onset, persistance and associated symptoms
-== Physical Examination ==
+== [[Orthopnea pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]] ==
-=== Heart ===
+== [[Orthopnea causes|Causes]] ==
-An S3 gallop may be heard if [[LV failure]] is present
-=== Lungs ===
+== [[Orthopnea differential diagnosis|Differentiating Orthopnea from other Diseases]] ==
-[[Rales]] will likely be present
-== Laboratory Findings ==
+== [[Orthopnea epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]] ==
-*Labs include:
-:*pulse oximetry
-:*arterial blood gas
-=== Electrocardiogram ===
+== [[Orthopnea risk factors|Risk Factors]] ==
-Should be performed to exclude [[MI]], RV strain, [[LV hypertrophy]] and [[cardiomyopathy]]
-=== Chest X Ray ===
+== [[Orthopnea natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]] ==
-Should be obtained to assess extent of [[pulmonary edema]]
-=== Echocardiography or Ultrasound ===
+== [[Orthopnea diagnosis|Diagnosis]] ==
-*Reveals any structure problems of the heart, valves and LV function
-=== Other Diagnostic Studies ===
+[[Orthopnea history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Orthopnea electrocardiogram|Electrocardiogram]] | [[Orthopnea physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Orthopnea laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Orthopnea chest x ray|Chest X Ray]] | [[Orthopnea CT|CT]] | [[Orthopnea echocardiography|Echocardiography]] | [[Orthopnea other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]] | [[Orthopnea other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]]
-*Pulmonary function tests
-*BNP to distinguish CHF
 == Treatment ==
-Supplemental oxygen
-=== Acute Pharmacotherapies ===
-*[[CHF]]
-:*[[nitrates]]
-:*loop [[diuretic]]s
-:*IV [[morphine]]
-:*[[ACE inhibitors]]
-:*[[digoxin]]
-Valve disease:
-:*[[ACE inhibitors]]
-:*[[beta blockers]]
-*Asthma
-:*[[Albuterol]]
-*[[COPD]]
-:*Inhaled vasodilators
-=== Indications for Surgery ===
-*Valve disease
-:*valve replacement
-:*valve balloon
-*Pleural effusion
-:*thoracentesis
-== References ==
-{{reflist|2}}
-== Acknowledgements ==
-The content on this page was first contributed by {{CMG}}
-List of contributors:
-== Suggested Reading and Key General References ==
-== Suggested Links and Web Resources ==
-== For Patients ==
+[[Orthopnea medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Orthopnea surgery|Surgery]] | [[Orthopnea primary prevention|Primary Prevention]] | [[Orthopnea secondary prevention|Secondary Prevention]] | [[Orthopnea cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Orthopnea future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]]
+== Case Studies ==
+: [[Orthopnea case study one|Case #1]]
+{{WikiDoc Help Menu}}
+{{WikiDoc Sources}}
 [[Category:Cardiology]]
+[[Category:Symptoms]]
 [[Category:Signs and symptoms]]
 [[Category:Pulmonology]]
 [[Category:Emergency medicine]]
-[[Category:Primary care]]
-{{WikiDoc Help Menu}}
-{{WikiDoc Sources}}

Orthopnea: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 23:26, 29 July 2020

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