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==Overview==
==Overview==
Otitis media can be classified into acute, effusive, and chronic suppurative forms. Their clinical presentations will vary based on the different symptoms. The treatment necessity will also vary based on classification.
Otitis media can be classified into acute, effusive, and chronic [[suppurative]] forms. Their clinical presentations will vary based on the different symptoms. The treatment necessity will also vary based on classification.


==Classification==
==Classification==
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===Acute Otitis Media===
===Acute Otitis Media===
*Acute otitis media (AOM) is primarily caused by [[viral]] or [[bacterial]] infection due to [[nasopharyngitis]].<ref name="pmid24453496">{{cite journal |vauthors=Qureishi A, Lee Y, Belfield K, Birchall JP, Daniel M |title=Update on otitis media - prevention and treatment |journal=Infect Drug Resist |volume=7 |issue= |pages=15–24 |year=2014 |pmid=24453496 |pmc=3894142 |doi=10.2147/IDR.S39637 |url=}}</ref>
*Acute otitis media (AOM) is primarily caused by [[viral]] or [[bacterial]] infection due to [[nasopharyngitis]].<ref name="pmid24453496">{{cite journal |vauthors=Qureishi A, Lee Y, Belfield K, Birchall JP, Daniel M |title=Update on otitis media - prevention and treatment |journal=Infect Drug Resist |volume=7 |issue= |pages=15–24 |year=2014 |pmid=24453496 |pmc=3894142 |doi=10.2147/IDR.S39637 |url=}}</ref>
*If caused by a [[virus]], it is often [[self-limited]] and will typically resolve itself without treatment.<ref name="urlEar infection - acute: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia">{{cite web |url=https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000638.htm |title=Ear infection - acute: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref>
*If caused by a [[virus]], it is usually [[self-limited]] and will typically resolve itself without treatment.<ref name="urlEar infection - acute: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia">{{cite web |url=https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000638.htm |title=Ear infection - acute: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref>
*[[Antibiotics]] may be necessary for AOM caused by [[bacterial]] infection.
*[[Antibiotics]] may be necessary for AOM caused by [[bacterial]] infection.
*Symptoms are almost always present and are similar to those from [[upper respiratory infection]], include the following:
*Symptoms are usually present and are similar to those from [[upper respiratory infection]], include the following:
**[[Fever]]
**[[Fever]]
**Ear pain
**Ear pain
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===Otitis Media with Effusion===
===Otitis Media with Effusion===
*Otitis media with effusion (OME) is non-infectiously caused otitis media based on fluid buildup in the [[eustachian tube]].<ref name="urlOtitis media with effusion: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia">{{cite web |url=https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/007010.htm |title=Otitis media with effusion: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref>
*Otitis media with effusion (OME) is non-infectiously caused otitis media based on fluid buildup in the [[eustachian tube]].<ref name="urlOtitis media with effusion: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia">{{cite web |url=https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/007010.htm |title=Otitis media with effusion: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref>
*It is typically caused by irritants, allergies, or [[upper respiratory infection]] that does not infect the ear itself.
*It is usually caused by irritants, allergies, or [[upper respiratory infection]] that does not infect the ear itself.
*The fluid buildup may remain trapped in the middle ear preceding or following acute otitis media.
*The fluid buildup may remain trapped in the middle ear preceding or following acute otitis media.
*Symptoms typically include partial hearing loss and feelings of "fullness" in the ear, but do not usually present pain, [[common cold]] symptoms, [[fever]], or other indicators of illness that is common in AOM.
*Symptoms usually include partial hearing loss and feelings of "fullness" in the ear, but do not usually present pain, [[common cold]] symptoms, [[fever]], or other indicators of illness that is common in AOM.
*OME is usually [[self-limited]] and does not require treatment to resolve itself.
*OME is usually [[self-limited]] and does not require treatment to resolve itself.


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==References==
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist|2}}
[[Category:Primary care]]
{{WH}}
{{WS}}
 
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Infectious disease]]
[[Category:Inflammations]]
[[Category:Inflammations]]
[[Category:Otolaryngology]]
[[Category:Otolaryngology]]
[[Category:Otology]]
[[Category:Otology]]
[[Category:Pediatrics]]
[[Category:Pediatrics]]
{{WH}}
{{WS}}

Latest revision as of 23:30, 29 July 2020

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Luke Rusowicz-Orazem, B.S.

Overview

Otitis media can be classified into acute, effusive, and chronic suppurative forms. Their clinical presentations will vary based on the different symptoms. The treatment necessity will also vary based on classification.

Classification

Otitis media can be divided into 3 subtypes, differentiating in their clinical presentation.

Acute Otitis Media

Otitis Media with Effusion

  • Otitis media with effusion (OME) is non-infectiously caused otitis media based on fluid buildup in the eustachian tube.[3]
  • It is usually caused by irritants, allergies, or upper respiratory infection that does not infect the ear itself.
  • The fluid buildup may remain trapped in the middle ear preceding or following acute otitis media.
  • Symptoms usually include partial hearing loss and feelings of "fullness" in the ear, but do not usually present pain, common cold symptoms, fever, or other indicators of illness that is common in AOM.
  • OME is usually self-limited and does not require treatment to resolve itself.

Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media

  • Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is usually classified by the persistence of pus discharge due to tympanic perforation from acute otitis media for 6-12 weeks following treatment.[4]
  • The symptoms are similar to those of AOM, but persist due to the resistant active bateria causing suppuration in the ear, heightening the risk of temporary and permanent hearing loss.[5]
  • Treatment is required and will vary due to severity:
  • CSOM can result in otorrhea and can be classified by visible pus discharge outside of the middle ear.

References

  1. ↑ Qureishi A, Lee Y, Belfield K, Birchall JP, Daniel M (2014). "Update on otitis media - prevention and treatment". Infect Drug Resist. 7: 15–24. doi:10.2147/IDR.S39637. PMC 3894142. PMID 24453496.
  2. ↑ "Ear infection - acute: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia".
  3. ↑ "Otitis media with effusion: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia".
  4. ↑ "www.who.int" (PDF).
  5. ↑ Acuin J (2007). "Chronic suppurative otitis media". BMJ Clin Evid. 2007. PMC 2943814. PMID 19454051.

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