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| | __NOTOC__ |
| {{Infobox_Disease | | | {{Infobox_Disease | |
| Name = Petechia | | | Name = Petechia | |
| Image = Minor_Petechia.jpg | | | Image = Minor_Petechia.jpg | |
| Caption = A minor petechia. | | | Caption = A minor petechia. | |
| ICD10 = {{ICD10|R|23|3|r|20}} |
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| ICD9 = {{ICD9|782.7}} |
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| }} | | }} |
| {{SI}} | | {{Petechia}} |
| {{CMG}}
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| {{EH}}
| | '''For patient information, click [[Petechia (patient information)|here]]''' |
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| ==Overview==
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| A '''petechia''' ({{pronounced|pɨˈtiːkiə}}), plural '''petechiae''' ({{IPA|pɨˈtiːkɪiː}}) is a small red or purple spot on the body, caused by a minor [[hemorrhage]] (broken [[capillary]] [[blood vessel]]s).
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| ==Differential diagnosis of causes of petechia== | | ==[[Petechia overview|Overview]]== |
| * [[Bolivian hemorrhagic fever]]
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| * [[Boutonneuse fever]]
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| * [[Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever]]
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| * [[Congenital syphilis]]
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| * [[Dengue fever]]
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| * [[Duke's disease]]
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| * [[Ebola]]
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| * [[Endocarditis]]
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| * [[Erythroblastosis fetalis]]
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| * [[Gua Sha]]
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| * [[Henoch-Schönlein purpura]]
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| * [[Leukemia]]
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| * Childhood protein-energy malnutrition such as [[Kwashiorkor]] or [[Marasmus]]
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| * [[Typhus]] <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001363.htm |title=Typhus |accessdate=2007-11-05 |author=Grayson MD, Charlotte |date=2006-09-26 |work=[[MedlinePlus|MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia]] |publisher=[[National Institutes of Health]]}}</ref>
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| * [[Scarlet Fever]]
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| * [[Schamberg's Disease]]
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| * [[Kawasaki disease]]
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| * [[Kawasaki fever]]
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| * [[Rocky mountain spotted fever]]
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| Petechiae may be a sign of [[thrombocytopenia]] (low [[platelet]] counts). They also occur in circumstances when platelet function is inhibited (e.g., as a side effect of medications or during certain infections) or when excessive pressure is applied to tissue (e.g., when a tourniquet is applied to an extremity or with excessive coughing).
| | ==[[Petechia historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]== |
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| Petechiae should always be quickly investigated. They can be interpreted as [[vasculitis]], an inflammation of the blood vessels, which requires immediate treatment to prevent permanent damage. Some malignancies can also cause petechiae to appear. Petechiae should be investigated by a physician immediately to rule out the more dangerous conditions. Dermatologists can be the most helpful specialists in these conditions because they can more easily identify if the condition is petechiae or some similar looking but less worrisome rash.
| | ==[[Petechia pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]== |
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| The significance of petechiae in children depends on the clinical context in which they arise. Petechiae in children can occur with viral infections. In this setting they do not necessarily signify serious illness. They are the hallmark of some possibly serious illnesses, however, such as [[meningococcemia]], various causes of [[thrombocytopenia]], and [[leukemia]]. Therefore, their presence should not be ignored.
| | ==[[Petechia causes|Causes]]== |
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| ==Physical examination== | | ==[[Petechia differential diagnosis|Differentiating Petechia from other Diseases]]== |
| <div align="left">
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| <gallery heights="175" widths="175">
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| Image:eye_petechiae.jpg|Conjunctival Petechiae: Conjunctival petechiae, in this case secondary to endocarditis. (Image courtesy of Josh Fierer, M.D and Charlie Goldberg, M.D.)
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| Image:Petechiae heart 001.jpg|Epicardial petechiae: Gross, an excellent example of infarct heart with petechiae. <br> <small> [http://www.peir.net Image courtesy of Professor Peter Anderson DVM PhD and published with permission © PEIR, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Pathology] </small>
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| </gallery>
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| </div>
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| ==Pathology / Forensics== | | ==[[Petechia epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]== |
| Petechiae on the face and [[conjunctiva]] (eyes) are a sign of a death by [[asphyxia]]tion. They are thought to result from an increase of pressure in the [[vein]]s of the head and [[Hypoxia (medical)|hypoxic]] damage to [[endothelium|endothelial]] of blood vessels.<ref>{{cite journal |last= Ely |first= Susan F. |coauthors= Charles S. Hirsch |title= Ashpyxial deaths and petechiae: a review |url= http://www.charlydmiller.com/LIB04/2000petechiaereview.pdf |format= PDF |journal= Journal of Forensic Science |volume= 45 |issue= 6 |date= 2000 |pages=1274-1277 |accessdate= 2007-09-22 }}</ref>
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| ==References== | | ==[[Petechia risk factors|Risk Factors]]== |
| {{reflist}}
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| {{Symptoms and signs}}
| | ==[[Petechia natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]== |
| {{SIB}}
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| [[es:Petequia]] | |
| [[fr:Pétéchie]]
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| [[nl:Petechiën]]
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| [[ja:点状出血]]
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| [[pt:Petéquia]]
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| [[zh:瘀點]]
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| [[pl:Wybroczyny]]
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| | ==Diagnosis== |
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| [[Category:Signs and symptoms]] | | [[Petechia history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Petechia physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Petechia laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Petechia other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]] |
| [[Category:Dermatology]] | |
| [[Category:Hematology]] | |
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| | ==Treatment== |
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| | [[Petechia medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Petechia primary prevention|Primary Prevention]] | [[Petechia secondary prevention|Secondary Prevention]] | [[Petechia cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Petechia future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]] |
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| | ==Case Studies== |
| | [[Petechia case study one|Case #1]] |
| {{WikiDoc Help Menu}} | | {{WikiDoc Help Menu}} |
| {{WikiDoc Sources}} | | {{WikiDoc Sources}} |
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| | [[Category:Symptoms]] |
| | [[Category:Medical signs]] |
| | [[Category:Signs and symptoms]] |
| | [[Category:Dermatology]] |
| | [[Category:Hematology]] |
| | [[Category:Emergency medicine]] |
| | [[Category:Intensive care medicine]] |
