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| ==Causes== | | ==Causes== |
| ===Infectious Causes=== | | ===Infectious Causes=== |
| Infectious causes of rhinosinusitis include [[viruses]], [[bacteria]], and [[fungi]];<ref name="pmid21364226">{{cite journal| author=Brook I| title=Microbiology of sinusitis. | journal=Proc Am Thorac Soc | year= 2011 | volume= 8 | issue= 1 | pages= 90-100 | pmid=21364226 | doi=10.1513/pats.201006-038RN | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21364226 }} </ref><ref name="pmid9227932">{{cite journal |vauthors=deShazo RD, Chapin K, Swain RE |title=Fungal sinusitis |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=337 |issue=4 |pages=254–9 |year=1997 |pmid=9227932 |doi=10.1056/NEJM199707243370407 |url=}}</ref> | | Infectious causes of rhinosinusitis include [[viruses]], [[bacteria]], and [[fungi]]:<ref name="pmid21364226">{{cite journal| author=Brook I| title=Microbiology of sinusitis. | journal=Proc Am Thorac Soc | year= 2011 | volume= 8 | issue= 1 | pages= 90-100 | pmid=21364226 | doi=10.1513/pats.201006-038RN | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21364226 }} </ref><ref name="pmid9227932">{{cite journal |vauthors=deShazo RD, Chapin K, Swain RE |title=Fungal sinusitis |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=337 |issue=4 |pages=254–9 |year=1997 |pmid=9227932 |doi=10.1056/NEJM199707243370407 |url=}}</ref> |
| *Viruses | | *Viruses |
| **[[Rhinovirus]] | | **[[Rhinovirus]] |
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| ===Causes in Alphabetical Order=== | | ===Causes in Alphabetical Order=== |
| {{columns-list|3| | | {{columns-list| |
| *[[Acetylcysteine]] | | *[[Acetylcysteine]] |
| *[[Acinetobacter]] <font color="white">SAV</font> | | *[[Acinetobacter]] <font color="white">SAV</font> |
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| {{WH}} | | {{WH}} |
| {{WS}} | | {{WS}} |
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| | [[Category:Otolaryngology]] |
| | [[Category:Emergency mdicine]] |
| | [[Category:Disease]] |
| | [[Category:Up-To-Date]] |
| [[Category:Infectious disease]] | | [[Category:Infectious disease]] |
| [[Category:Primary care]] | | [[Category:Immunology]] |
| [[Category:Otolaryngology]]
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Dima Nimri, M.D. [2]
Overview
The causes of rhinosinusitis can be divided according to the infectious group that causes it: bacterial, viral, and fungal.
Causes
Infectious Causes
Infectious causes of rhinosinusitis include viruses, bacteria, and fungi:[1][2]
Causes by Organ System
| Cardiovascular
|
Obstructive sleep apnea
|
| Chemical/Poisoning
|
No underlying causes
|
| Dental
|
Eagle syndrome, infected tooth socket, tooth abscess
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| Dermatologic
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Chediak-Higashi syndrome, erythema annulare centrifugum, leukocytoclastic angiitis, lymphedema, scarlet fever, vasculitis hypersensitivity, yellow nail syndrome
|
| Drug Side Effect
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Acetylcysteine, alfuzosin, antibiotic resistance, azelastine, azithromycin (ophthalmic), beclomethasone dipropionate (inhalation), bicalutamide, cefalexin, cefmenoxime, cefpodoxime, ciclesonide, cidofovir, cyclosporine injection, ezetimibe/simvastatin, faropenem, fluvastatin, lamotrigine, metronidazole topical, mifepristone, naproxen and esomeprazole magnesium, nuvaring, olopatadine, omalizumab, oxaprozin, pentamidine isethionate, pioglitazone, pirfenidone, salicylate sensitivity, secukinumab, serrapeptase, sertraline, sulfamethoxazole, sumatriptan, tamsulosin, topiramate, travoprost, zanamivir, zileuton
|
| Ear Nose Throat
|
Acute sinusitis, adenoid hypertrophy, catarrh, chronic fungal sinusitis, chronic rhinosinusitis, chronic sinusitis, concha bullosa, deviated nasal septum, Eagle syndrome, empty nose syndrome, eustachian tube dysfunction, maxillary sinus carcinoma, maxillofacial trauma, nasal bone spur, nasal congestion, nasal foreign body, nasal irrigation, nasal obstruction, nasal polyp, palatine tonsil, perforated eardrum, post-nasal drip, Pott's puffy tumor, rhinitis, rhinolith, rhinorrhea, vasomotor rhinitis
|
| Endocrine
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Acromegaly, diabetes, exophthalmos
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| Environmental
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No underlying causes
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| Gastroenterologic
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Acute pancreatitis, cystic fibrosis, gastroesophageal reflux disease
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| Genetic
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Chediak-Higashi syndrome, cystic fibrosis, immotile cilia syndrome, Kartagener syndrome, primary ciliary dyskinesia, WHIM syndrome
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| Hematologic
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Acute erythroleukemia
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| Iatrogenic
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Computed tomography, cranial surgery, nasogastric intubation, sinus-lift procedure
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| Infectious Disease
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Acinetobacter, acute sinusitis, acute viral nasopharyngitis (common cold), adenovirus, aerosinusitis, aspergillosis, aspergillus, aureobasidium pullulans exposure, biofilm, botulinum toxin, brain abscess, chlamydia pneumoniae, chlamydophila pneumoniae, chronic fungal sinusitis, chronic rhinosinusitis, chronic sinusitis, cladosporiosis, common cold, coronavirus, coxsackievirus, diffuse panbronchiolitis, echovirus, encephalitozoon cuniculi infection, enterovirus, entomophthoramycosis, feline viral rhinotracheitis, fusarium, group A streptococcal infection, haemophilus influenzae, herpes simplex, HIV, immotile cilia syndrome, influenza virus, Kartagener syndrome, Lemierre's syndrome, microsporidiosis, moraxella catarrhalis, mucocutaneous leishmaniasis, mucormycosis, orbital cellulitis, orthomyxovirus, parainfluenza virus, paramyxovirus, periorbital cellulitis, pneumococcus, preseptal cellulitis, primary ciliary dyskinesia, pseudomonas aeruginosa, respiratory syncytial virus, rhinitis, rhinovirus, scarlet fever, scedosporium apiospermum, septic dural sinus thrombosis, staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pneumoniae, streptococcus pyogenes, tooth abscess, upper respiratory tract infection, zygomycosis
|
| Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic
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Penetrating wound
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| Neurologic
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Brain abscess, cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, chronic fatigue syndrome, fatigue (medical), meningismus, obstructive sleep apnea, septic dural sinus thrombosis
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| Nutritional/Metabolic
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Cystic fibrosis, food intolerance, food allergy, mucin
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| Obstetric/Gynecologic
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No underlying causes
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| Oncologic
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Acute erythroleukemia, maxillary sinus carcinoma, nasal type natural killer/T-cell lymphoma, Pott's puffy tumor, rhabdomyosarcoma
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| Ophthalmologic
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Orbital cellulitis, periorbital cellulitis, preseptal cellulitis
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| Overdose/Toxicity
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No underlying causes
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| Psychiatric
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Chronic fatigue syndrome
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| Pulmonary
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Acute rhinitis, acute viral nasopharyngitis (common cold), asthma, catarrh, Churg-Strauss syndrome, common cold, cystic fibrosis, diffuse panbronchiolitis, granulomatosis with polyangiitis, immotile cilia syndrome, Kartagener syndrome, nasal congestion, obstructive sleep apnea, post-nasal drip, primary ciliary dyskinesia, Samter's triad, sarcoidosis, upper respiratory tract infection, Wegener's granulomatosis, yellow nail syndrome, Young's syndrome
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| Renal/Electrolyte
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Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis, Wegener's granulomatosis
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| Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy
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Acute rhinitis, allergic rhinitis, allergy, chronic fatigue syndrome, Churg-Strauss syndrome, common variable immunodeficiency, Felty's syndrome, granulomatosis with polyangiitis, hay fever, hyper IgM syndrome, IgG deficiency, immune deficiency disease, Immunoglobulin G subclass deficiency , Nasal type natural killer/T-cell lymphoma, Samter's triad, sarcoidosis, selective immunoglobulin A deficiency, Sjögren's syndrome, vasculitis hypersensitivity, Wegener's granulomatosis, WHIM syndrome, x-linked agammaglobulinemia
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| Sexual
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Young's syndrome
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| Trauma
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Maxillofacial trauma
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| Urologic
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No underlying causes
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| Miscellaneous
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No underlying causes
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Causes in Alphabetical Order
References
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