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| {{SI}}
| | '''For patient information click [[Roseola (patient information)|here]]''' |
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| ==Overview== | | <small> |
| | {{Infobox Disease | |
| | Name = Roseola | |
| | Image = Roseola.jpg | |
| | Caption = Maculopapular rash as seen in an infant. | |
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| | </small> |
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| '''[[Exanthem]] subitum''' (meaning ''sudden rash''), also referred to as '''roseola infantum''' (or '''rose rash of infants'''), '''sixth disease''' (as the sixth rash-causing childhood disease) and (confusingly) '''baby measles''', or '''three day fever''', is a benign disease of children, generally under two years old, whose manifestations are usually limited to a transient rash ("exanthem") that occurs following a fever of about three day's duration.
| | {{Roseola}} |
| | {{CMG}}:{{AE}}{{DAMI}} |
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| Until recently, its origin was unknown, but it is now known to be caused by two human [[herpesvirus]]es, '''HHV-6''' ([[Human Herpesvirus Six]]) and '''HHV-7''', also called '''''Roseolovirus'''''.
| | {{SK}} Roseola infantum, exanthem subitum, sixth disease, 3 day rash, pseudorubella, exanthem criticum |
| | ==[[Roseola overview|Overview]]== |
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| ==Clinical Features== | | ==[[Roseola historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]== |
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| {| style="float:right;"
| | ==[[Roseola classification|Classification]]== |
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| |} | | ==[[Roseola pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]== |
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| Typically the disease affects a child between six months and three years of age, and begins with a sudden high [[fever]] of 102-104 degrees Fahrenheit (39-40 degrees Celsius). This can cause, in some cases, febrile convulsions (also known as [[febrile seizure]]s or "fever fits") due to the sudden rise in body temperature, but in many cases the child appears and acts normal. After a few days the fever subsides, and just as the child appears to be recovering, a red rash appears. This usually begins on the trunk, spreading to the limbs but usually not affecting the face. It disappears again in a matter of hours to a day or so. In contrast, a child suffering from [[measles]] would usually appear more infirm, with symptoms of [[conjunctivitis]] and a cough, and their rash would affect the face and last for several days. Liver dysfunction can occur in rare cases, and the rare adult who contracts the disease can show signs of [[mononucleosis]].
| | ==[[Roseola causes|Causes]]== |
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| ==Vaccines and Treatment== | | ==[[Roseola differential diagnosis|Differentiating Any Disease from other Diseases]]== |
| There is no specific [[vaccine]] against or treatment for exanthem subitum, and most children with the disease are not seriously ill. A child with [[fever]] should be given plenty of fluids to drink, and [[paracetamol]]/[[acetaminophen]] or [[ibuprofen]] to reduce their temperature (but never [[aspirin]], due to the risk of [[Reye's Syndrome]]<ref>[http://www.reyessyndrome.org/aspirin.htm ''What is the role of aspirin?''], reyessyndrome.org</ref>). He or she should also be kept more lightly clothed than normal if he or she is very hot. The rash is not particularly itchy and needs no special lotions or creams.
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| It is likely that many children acquire exanthem subitum "subclinically"; in other words, they show no outward sign of the disease. Others may be debilitated enough that a doctor's opinion is required to confirm the diagnosis, and particularly to rule out other more serious infections, such as [[meningitis]] or [[measles]]. In case of [[febrile seizure]]s, medical advice is essential.
| | ==[[Roseola epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]== |
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| | ==[[Roseola risk factors|Risk Factors]]== |
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| :* '''Human herpesvirus 7 (roseola virus) treatment'''
| | ==[[Roseola screening|Screening]]== |
| ::* Preferred regimen: Supportive therapy
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| ::* Note (1): Immunocompetent hosts with uncomplicated skin manifestations associated with HHV-7, particularly roseola infantum and pityriasis rosea, need only symptomatic management<ref name="pmid22819486">{{cite journal| author=Wolz MM, Sciallis GF, Pittelkow MR| title=Human herpesviruses 6, 7, and 8 from a dermatologic perspective. | journal=Mayo Clin Proc | year= 2012 | volume= 87 | issue= 10 | pages= 1004-14 | pmid=22819486 | doi=10.1016/j.mayocp.2012.04.010 | pmc=PMC3538396 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22819486 }}</ref>
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| ::* Note (2): For HIV-positive patients, antiretroviral therapy may be advisable<ref>{{cite book | last = Gilbert | first = David | title = The Sanford guide to antimicrobial therapy | publisher = Antimicrobial Therapy | location = Sperryville, Va | year = 2015 | isbn = 978-1930808843 }}</ref>
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| ::* Note (3): The most active antiviral compounds against HHV-7 are [[Cidofovir]] and [[Foscarnet]]<ref name="pmid11747000">{{cite journal| author=De Clercq E, Naesens L, De Bolle L, Schols D, Zhang Y, Neyts J|title=Antiviral agents active against human herpesviruses HHV-6, HHV-7 and HHV-8. | journal=Rev Med Virol | year= 2001 | volume= 11 | issue= 6 | pages= 381-95 | pmid=11747000 | doi= | pmc= |url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11747000 }} </ref><ref name="pmid22819486">{{cite journal| author=Wolz MM, Sciallis GF, Pittelkow MR| title=Human herpesviruses 6, 7, and 8 from a dermatologic perspective. | journal=Mayo Clin Proc | year= 2012 | volume= 87 | issue= 10 | pages= 1004-14 | pmid=22819486 | doi=10.1016/j.mayocp.2012.04.010 | pmc=PMC3538396 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22819486 }} </ref>
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| ==Gallery==
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| <gallery>
| | ==[[Roseola natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]== |
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| Image: Roseola04.jpeg| 14 month old infant manifested a non-specific rash in the form of extensive erythematous patches over his entire body. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp From Public Health Image Library (PHIL).] ''<ref name=PHIL> {{Cite web | title = Public Health Image Library (PHIL) | url = http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
| | ==Diagnosis== |
| | [[Roseola history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Roseola physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Roseola laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Roseola chest x ray|X Ray]] | [[Roseola CT|CT]] | [[Roseola MRI|MRI]] | [[Roseola other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]] | [[Roseola other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]] |
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| Image: Roseola03.jpeg|“Roseola rash” developed on syphilis patient buttocks and legs during the secondary stage of the disease. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp From Public Health Image Library (PHIL).] ''<ref name=PHIL> {{Cite web | title = Public Health Image Library (PHIL) | url = http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
| | ==Treatment== |
| | [[Roseola medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Roseola surgery|Surgery]] | [[Roseola primary prevention|Primary Prevention]] | [[Roseola secondary prevention|Secondary Prevention]] | [[Roseola cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Roseola future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]] |
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| Image: Roseola02.jpeg|Face and back of a young child after receiving a smallpox vaccination in the right shoulder region. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp From Public Health Image Library (PHIL).] ''<ref name=PHIL> {{Cite web | title = Public Health Image Library (PHIL) | url = http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
| | ==Case Studies== |
| | [[Roseola case study one|Case #1]] |
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| Image: Roseola01.jpeg|After smallpox vaccination, this 14 month old infant manifested a non-specific rash in the form of extensive erythematous patches over his entire body. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp From Public Health Image Library (PHIL).] ''<ref name=PHIL> {{Cite web | title = Public Health Image Library (PHIL) | url = http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
| | [[Category:Emergency mdicine]] |
| </gallery>
| | [[Category:Disease]] |
| ==References==
| | [[Category:Up-To-Date]] |
| <references/>
| | [[Category:Infectious disease]] |
| | | [[Category:Neurology]] |
| ==External links==
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| * [http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000968.htm MedlinePlus encyclopedia entry] on "roseola"
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| * [http://www.lib.uiowa.edu/hardin/md/roseola.html Links to roseola pictures], Hardin MD/Univ of Iowa
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| * [http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?sec=health&res=9E0CE7DC1F3AF93AA15756C0A964958260 Newly Found Herpes Virus Is Called Major Cause of Illness in Young], ''New York Times''
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| * [http://www.hhv-6foundation.org/ HHV-6 Foundation]
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| * {{DermNet|viral/roseola}}
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| {{Viral diseases}}
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| {{Exanthema}}
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| [[Category:Viral diseases]] | |
| [[Category:Pediatrics]] | | [[Category:Pediatrics]] |
| [[Category:Herpesviruses]] | | [[Category:Dermatology]] |
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| {{jb1}}
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| {{WH}}
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| {{WS}}
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| [[de:Drei-Tage-Fieber]]
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| [[fr:Roséole]]
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| [[it:Sesta malattia]]
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| [[nl:Zesde ziekte]]
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| [[ja:突発性発疹]]
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| [[no:Tredagersfeber]]
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| [[pl:Rumień nagły]]
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| [[pt:Roséola]]
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| [[fi:Vauvarokko]]
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| ==References==
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| {{reflist|2}}
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| [[Category: Infectious Disease Project]]
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