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| __NOTOC__ | | __NOTOC__ |
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| '''For patient information click [[Schizophrenia (patient information)|here]]''' | | '''For patient information click [[Schizophrenia (patient information)|here]]''' |
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| Caption = [[Eugen Bleuler]] (1857–1939) coined the term "Schizophrenia" in 1908 | | | Caption = [[Eugen Bleuler]] (1857–1939) coined the term "Schizophrenia" in 1908 | |
| Width = 125 | | | Width = 125 | |
| DiseasesDB = 11890 |
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| ICD10 = {{ICD10|F|20||f|20}} |
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| ICD9 = {{ICD9|295}} |
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| ICDO = |
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| OMIM = 181500 |
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| MedlinePlus = 000928 |
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| MeshName = Schizophrenia |
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| MeshNumber = F03.700.750 |
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| }} | | }} |
| {{Schizophrenia}} | | {{Schizophrenia}} |
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| {{CMG}} | | {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{JH}}, {{I.D.}} |
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| | {{SK}} Schizophrenic disorder; schizophrenic psychosis |
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| | ==[[Schizophrenia overview|Overview]]== |
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| | ==[[Schizophrenia historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]== |
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| | ==[[Schizophrenia classification|Classification]]== |
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| | ==[[Schizophrenia pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]== |
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| | ==[[Schizophrenia causes|Causes]]== |
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| | ==[[Schizophrenia differential diagnosis|Differentiating Schizophrenia from other Diseases]]== |
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| = | | ==[[Schizophrenia epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]== |
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| ==Treatment and services== | | ==[[Schizophrenia risk factors|Risk Factors]]== |
| {{main|Treatment of schizophrenia}}
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| [[Image:Chlorpromazine-3D-vdW.png|thumb|Molecule of [[chlorpromazine]], which revolutionized treatment of schizophrenia in the 1950s.]] | |
| The concept of a cure as such remains controversial, as there is no consensus on the definition, although some criteria for the remission of symptoms have recently been suggested.<ref name="fn_63">van Os J, Burns T, Cavallaro R, ''et al'' (2006). Standardized remission criteria in schizophrenia. ''Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica'', 113(2), 91–5. PMID 16423159</ref> <!-- and they are...?--> The effectiveness of schizophrenia treatment is often assessed using standardized methods, one of the most common being the [[PANSS|positive and negative syndrome scale]] (PANSS).<ref name="fn_68">Kay SR, Fiszbein A, Opler LA (1987). The positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia. ''Schizophrenia Bulletin'', 13(2), 261–76. PMID 3616518</ref>
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| Management of symptoms and improving function is thought to be more achievable than a cure. Treatment was revolutionized in the mid 1950s with the development and introduction of [[chlorpromazine]].<ref name="Turner2007">{{cite journal | author=Turner T. | title=Unlocking psychosis | journal=Brit J Med | year=2007 | volume=334 | issue=suppl | pages=s7 }}</ref> A [[recovery model]] is increasingly adopted, emphasizing hope, empowerment and social inclusion.<ref name="Bellack06">Bellack AS. (2006) Scientific and consumer models of recovery in schizophrenia: concordance, contrasts, and implications. ''Schizophr Bull.'' Jul;32(3):432-42. PMID 16461575</ref>
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| Hospitalization may occur with severe episodes of schizophrenia. This can be voluntary or (if mental health legislation allows it) involuntary (called civil or [[involuntary commitment]]). Long-term inpatient stays are now less common due to [[deinstitutionalization]], although can still occur.<ref name="BeckerKilian2006">Becker T, Kilian R. (2006) Psychiatric services for people with severe mental illness across western Europe: what can be generalized from current knowledge about differences in provision, costs and outcomes of mental health care? ''Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica Supplement'', 429, 9–16. PMID 16445476</ref> Following (or in lieu of) a hospital admission, support services available can include drop-in centers, visits from members of a community mental health team or Assertive Community Treatment team, supported employment<ref>McGurk, SR, Mueser KT, Feldman K, Wolfe R, Pascaris A (2007). Cognitive training for supported employment: 2–3 year outcomes of a randomized controlled trial. ''Am J Psychiatry.'' Mar;164(3):437–41. PMID 17329468</ref> and patient-led support groups.
| | ==[[Schizophrenia natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]== |
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| In many non-Western societies, schizophrenia may only be treated with more informal, community-led methods. The outcome for people diagnosed with schizophrenia in non-Western countries may actually be better than for people in the West.<ref name="fn_41">Kulhara P (1994). Outcome of schizophrenia: some transcultural observations with particular reference to developing countries. ''European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience'', 244(5), 227–35. PMID 7893767</ref> The reasons for this effect are not clear, although cross-cultural studies are being conducted.
| | ==Diagnosis== |
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| ==References==
| | [[Schizophrenia diagnostic criteria|Diagnostic Criteria]] | [[Schizophrenia history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Schizophrenia physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Schizophrenia laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Schizophrenia other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]] |
| {{reflist|2}}
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| ==Further reading== | | ==Treatment== |
| <!-- Please only include material which addresses schizophrenia in general, rather than specific aspects, or related topics -->
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| <div class="references-small">
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| * [[Richard Bentall|Bentall, R.]] (2003) ''Madness explained: Psychosis and Human Nature''. London: Penguin Books Ltd. ISBN 0-7139-9249-2
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| * [[James Fallon|Fallon, James H.]] et al. (2003) The Neuroanatomy of Schizophrenia: Circuitry and Neurotransmitter Systems. ''Clinical Neuroscience Research'' 3:77–107. Available at [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1566-2772(03)00022-7 Elsevier article locater.]
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| * Green, M.F. (2001) ''Schizophrenia Revealed: From Neurons to Social Interactions''. New York: W.W. Norton. ISBN 0-393-70334-7
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| * Keen, T. M. (1999) Schizophrenia: orthodoxy and heresies. A review of alternative possibilities. ''Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing'', 1999, 6, 415–424. PMID 10818864
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| *[[Theodore Lidz|Lidz, Theodore]], [[Stephen Fleck]] & Alice Cornelison, ''Schizophrenia and the Family''. International Universities Press, 1965. ISBN 978-0823660018
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| * Noll, Richard (2007) ''The Encyclopedia of Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders, Third Edition'' ISBN 0-8160-6405-9
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| * [http://www.openthedoors.com/english/index.html Open The Doors - information on global programme to fight stigma and discrimination because of Schizophrenia. The World Psychiatric Association (WPA)]
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| * Read, J., Mosher, L.R., Bentall, R. (2004) ''Models of Madness: Psychological, Social and Biological Approaches to Schizophrenia''. ISBN 1-58391-906-6. A critical approach to biological and genetic theories, and a review of social influences on schizophrenia.
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| * [http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?chanID=sa006&articleID=000EE239-6805-1FD5-A23683414B7F0000 Scientific American Magazine (January 2004 Issue) Decoding Schizophrenia]
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| * Shaner, A., Miller, G. F., & Mintz, J. (2004). Schizophrenia as one extreme of a sexually selected fitness indicator. ''Schizophrenia Research'', 70(1), 101–109. PMID 15246469[http://www.unm.edu/~gfmiller/new_papers/shaner%20miller%202004%20schizo.pdf Full text (PDF),] Retrieved on [[2007-05-17]].
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| * [[Thomas Szasz|Szasz, T.]] (1976) ''Schizophrenia: The Sacred Symbol of Psychiatry''. New York: Basic Books. ISBN 0-465-07222-4
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| * [[Viktor Tausk|Tausk, V.]] : "Sexuality, War, and Schizophrenia: Collected [[Psychoanalytic]] Papers", Publisher: Transaction Publishers 1991, ISBN 0-88738-365-3 (On the Origin of the 'Influencing Machine' in Schizophrenia.)
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| * Wiencke, Markus (2006) ''Schizophrenie als Ergebnis von Wechselwirkungen: Georg Simmels Individualitätskonzept in der Klinischen Psychologie''. In David Kim (ed.), ''Georg Simmel in Translation: Interdisciplinary Border-Crossings in Culture and Modernity'' (pp. 123–155). Cambridge Scholars Press, Cambridge, ISBN 1-84718-060-5
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| </div>
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| | [[Schizophrenia medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Schizophrenia psychotherapy|Psychotherapy]] | [[Schizophrenia prevention|Prevention]] | [[Schizophrenia social impact|Social Impact]] | [[Schizophrenia cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Schizophrenia future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]] |
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| [[ar:فصام]]
| | ==Case Studies== |
| [[bs:Shizofrenija]]
| | [[Schizophrenia case study one|Case #1]] |
| [[bg:Шизофрения]]
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| [[ca:Esquizofrènia]]
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| [[cs:Schizofrenie]]
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| [[da:Skizofreni]]
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| [[de:Schizophrenie]]
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| [[et:Skisofreenia]]
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| [[es:Esquizofrenia]]
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| [[eo:Skizofrenio]]
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| [[fa:روانگسیختگی]]
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| [[fr:Schizophrénie]]
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| [[gl:Esquizofrenia]]
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| [[ko:정신분열증]]
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| [[hr:Shizofrenija]]
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| [[io:Skizofrenio]]
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| [[id:Skizofrenia]]
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| [[ia:Schizophrenia]]
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| [[is:Geðklofi]]
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| [[it:Schizofrenia]]
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| [[he:סכיזופרניה]]
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| [[kl:Skizofrenii]]
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| [[ku:Şîzofrenî]]
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| [[la:Morbus dissidentiae phreneticae]]
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| [[lt:Šizofrenija]]
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| [[hu:Skizofrénia]]
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| [[ms:Skizofrenia]]
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| [[nl:Schizofrenie]]
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| [[ja:統合失調症]]
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| [[no:Schizofreni]]
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| [[pl:Schizofrenia]]
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| [[pt:Esquizofrenia]]
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| [[ro:Schizofrenie]]
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| [[qu:Waq'akay]] | |
| [[ru:Шизофрения]]
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| [[simple:Schizophrenia]]
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| [[sk:Schizofrénia]]
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| [[sr:Схизофренија]]
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| [[sh:Shizofrenija]]
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| [[fi:Skitsofrenia]]
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| [[sv:Schizofreni]]
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| [[tr:Şizofreni]]
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| [[uk:Шизофренія]]
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| [[ur:انفصام]]
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| [[zh:精神分裂症]]
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| {{WH}} | | {{WH}} |
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| [[Category:Disease]] | | [[Category:Disease]] |
| [[Category:Psychiatry]] | | [[Category:Psychiatry]] |
| [[Category:Mature chapter]]
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