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'''For the WikiDoc page for this topic, click [[Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis|here]]''' | '''For the WikiDoc page for this topic, click [[Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis|here]]''' | ||
{{ | |||
{{Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (patient information)}} | |||
{{CMG}}; '''Assistant Editor-in-Chief:''' Meagan E. Doherty | {{CMG}}; '''Assistant Editor-in-Chief:''' Meagan E. Doherty | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
'''Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis''' (SBP) is a form of [[peritonitis]] that occurs in patients with [[cirrhosis]]. It occurs in 10-30% of hospitalized patients with [[ascites]], and can cause marked decompensation of the liver disease, with other complications and death occurring frequently. | '''Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis''' (SBP) is a form of [[peritonitis]] that occurs in patients with [[cirrhosis]]. It occurs in 10-30% of hospitalized patients with [[ascites]], and can cause marked decompensation of the [[liver disease]], with other complications and death occurring frequently. | ||
Peritonitis is swelling (inflammation) of the [[peritoneum]] -- the tissue that lines the wall of the [[abdomen]] and covers the abdominal organs. | [[Peritonitis]] is swelling (inflammation) of the [[peritoneum]] -- the tissue that lines the wall of the [[abdomen]] and covers the abdominal organs. | ||
==What are the symptoms of Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis?== | ==What are the symptoms of Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis?== | ||
Symptoms of Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis include: | Symptoms of Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis include: | ||
* Abdominal pain and bloating | * [[Abdominal pain]] and bloating | ||
* Abdominal tenderness | * [[Abdominal tenderness]] | ||
* [[Fever]] | * [[Fever]] | ||
* Fluid in the abdomen | * Fluid in the abdomen | ||
* Low urine output | * [[Low urine output]] | ||
Other symptoms include: | Other symptoms include: | ||
* Chills | * [[Chills]] | ||
* Joint pain | * [[Joint pain]] | ||
* [[Nausea]] and vomiting | * [[Nausea]] and [[vomiting]] | ||
==What | ==What causes Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis?== | ||
Spontaneous peritonitis is usually caused by [[ascites]], a collection of fluid in the peritoneal cavity. This usually occurs from [[liver]] or [[kidney failure]]. | Spontaneous peritonitis is usually caused by [[ascites]], a collection of fluid in the [[peritoneal cavity]]. This usually occurs from [[liver]] or [[kidney failure]]. | ||
Risk factors for liver disease include [[alcoholic cirrhosis]] and other diseases that lead to [[cirrhosis]], such as [[viral hepatitis]] (Hepatitis B or C). | Risk factors for [[liver disease]] include [[alcoholic cirrhosis]] and other diseases that lead to [[cirrhosis]], such as [[viral hepatitis]] ([[Hepatitis B]] or [[Hepatitis c|C]]). | ||
Spontaneous peritonitis also occurs in patients who are on [[dialysis]] for kidney failure. | Spontaneous peritonitis also occurs in patients who are on [[dialysis]] for [[kidney failure]]. | ||
==Who is at risk | ==Who is at highest risk?== | ||
'''Risk Factors include:''' | '''Risk Factors include:''' | ||
*patients who have liver or [[kidney failure]] | *patients who have [[Hepatic failure|liver]] or [[kidney failure]] | ||
*patients who are on [[dialysis]] for [[kidney failure]] | *patients who are on [[dialysis]] for [[kidney failure]] | ||
*patients with [[cirrhosis]] | *patients with [[cirrhosis]] | ||
== | ==Diagnosis== | ||
Tests that show infection: | Tests that show infection: | ||
* Blood culture | * [[Blood culture]] | ||
* Cell studies (cytologic examination) of peritoneal fluid | * Cell studies (cytologic examination) of peritoneal fluid | ||
* Chemical examination of peritoneal fluid | * Chemical examination of peritoneal fluid | ||
* Culture of peritoneal fluid | * [[Culture medium|Culture]] of peritoneal fluid | ||
* Peritoneal fluid analysis (paracentesis) | * [[Paracentesis|Peritoneal fluid analysis (paracentesis)]] | ||
Other tests: | Other tests: | ||
* Abdominal imaging studies (to rule out other causes of abdominal pain) | * Abdominal imaging studies (to rule out other causes of [[abdominal pain]]) | ||
==When to seek urgent medical care== | ==When to seek urgent medical care?== | ||
Call your health care provider if you have symptoms of peritonitis. This can quickly become an emergency situation. | Call your health care provider if you have symptoms of [[peritonitis]]. This can quickly become an emergency situation. | ||
==Treatment options== | ==Treatment options== | ||
Treatment depends on the cause of the peritonitis. | Treatment depends on the cause of the peritonitis. | ||
* Surgery may be needed if peritonitis is caused by a foreign object, such as a [[catheter]] used in [[peritoneal dialysis]]. | * Surgery may be needed if peritonitis is caused by a foreign object, such as a [[catheter]] used in [[peritoneal dialysis]]. | ||
* [[Antibiotics]] may control infection in cases of spontaneous peritonitis with liver or kidney disease. | * [[Antibiotics]] may control infection in cases of spontaneous peritonitis with liver or [[kidney disease]]. | ||
* Intravenous therapy can treat [[dehydration]]. | * Intravenous therapy can treat [[dehydration]]. | ||
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==Diseases with similar symptoms== | ==Diseases with similar symptoms== | ||
* [[Peritoneal carcinomatosis]] | * [[Peritoneal carcinomatosis]] | ||
* [[Pancreatic | * [[Pancreatic]] ascites | ||
* [[Tuberculous | * [[Tuberculous]] ascites <ref>http://www.wrongdiagnosis.com/p/peritonitis/symptoms.htm</ref> | ||
==Where to find medical care for Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis== | ==Where to find medical care for Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis?== | ||
[http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&hl=en&geocode=&q={{urlencode:{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|yourdisease}}}}&sll=37.0625,-95.677068&sspn=65.008093,112.148438&ie=UTF8&ll=37.0625,-95.677068&spn=91.690419,149.414063&z=2&source=embed Directions to Hospitals Treating Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis] | [http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&hl=en&geocode=&q={{urlencode:{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|yourdisease}}}}&sll=37.0625,-95.677068&sspn=65.008093,112.148438&ie=UTF8&ll=37.0625,-95.677068&spn=91.690419,149.414063&z=2&source=embed Directions to Hospitals Treating Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis] | ||
==Prevention of Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis== | ==Prevention of Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis== | ||
Patients with | Patients with peritoneal catheters should be treated with sterile techniques. In cases of [[liver failure]], [[antibiotics]] may help prevent peritonitis from coming back. | ||
==What to expect (Outlook/Prognosis)== | ==What to expect (Outlook/Prognosis)?== | ||
The infection can usually be treated. However, kidney or liver disease may limit recovery. | The infection can usually be treated. However, kidney or liver disease may limit recovery. | ||
===Possible | ===Possible complications=== | ||
* [[Abscess]] | * [[Abscess]] | ||
* [[Hepatic encephalopathy]] | * [[Hepatic encephalopathy]] | ||
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*http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000648.htm | *http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000648.htm | ||
== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist|2}} | {{reflist|2}} | ||
{{WH}} | |||
{{WS}} | |||
[[Category:Disease]] | |||
[[Category:Patient information]] | [[Category:Patient information]] | ||
[[Category:Mature chapter]] | [[Category:Mature chapter]] | ||
[[Category:Gastroenterology]] | [[Category:Gastroenterology]] | ||
[[Category:Gastroenterology patient information]] | [[Category:Gastroenterology patient information]] | ||
[[Category:Infectious disease patient information]] | [[Category:Infectious disease patient information]] | ||
[[Category:Hepatology]] | [[Category:Hepatology]] | ||
[[Category:Hepatology patient information]] | [[Category:Hepatology patient information]] | ||
[[Category:Emergency mdicine]] | |||
[[Category:Up-To-Date]] | |||
[[Category:Infectious disease]] | |||
Latest revision as of 00:14, 30 July 2020
For the WikiDoc page for this topic, click here
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Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis |
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Where to find medical care for Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis? |
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Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis On the Web |
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Directions to Hospitals Treating Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Assistant Editor-in-Chief: Meagan E. Doherty
Overview
Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is a form of peritonitis that occurs in patients with cirrhosis. It occurs in 10-30% of hospitalized patients with ascites, and can cause marked decompensation of the liver disease, with other complications and death occurring frequently. Peritonitis is swelling (inflammation) of the peritoneum -- the tissue that lines the wall of the abdomen and covers the abdominal organs.
What are the symptoms of Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis?
Symptoms of Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis include:
- Abdominal pain and bloating
- Abdominal tenderness
- Fever
- Fluid in the abdomen
- Low urine output
Other symptoms include:
What causes Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis?
Spontaneous peritonitis is usually caused by ascites, a collection of fluid in the peritoneal cavity. This usually occurs from liver or kidney failure. Risk factors for liver disease include alcoholic cirrhosis and other diseases that lead to cirrhosis, such as viral hepatitis (Hepatitis B or C). Spontaneous peritonitis also occurs in patients who are on dialysis for kidney failure.
Who is at highest risk?
Risk Factors include:
- patients who have liver or kidney failure
- patients who are on dialysis for kidney failure
- patients with cirrhosis
Diagnosis
Tests that show infection:
- Blood culture
- Cell studies (cytologic examination) of peritoneal fluid
- Chemical examination of peritoneal fluid
- Culture of peritoneal fluid
- Peritoneal fluid analysis (paracentesis)
Other tests:
- Abdominal imaging studies (to rule out other causes of abdominal pain)
When to seek urgent medical care?
Call your health care provider if you have symptoms of peritonitis. This can quickly become an emergency situation.
Treatment options
Treatment depends on the cause of the peritonitis.
- Surgery may be needed if peritonitis is caused by a foreign object, such as a catheter used in peritoneal dialysis.
- Antibiotics may control infection in cases of spontaneous peritonitis with liver or kidney disease.
- Intravenous therapy can treat dehydration.
You may need to stay in the hospital so health care providers can rule out other causes of peritonitis, such as appendicitis and diverticulitis.
Diseases with similar symptoms
- Peritoneal carcinomatosis
- Pancreatic ascites
- Tuberculous ascites [1]
Where to find medical care for Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis?
Directions to Hospitals Treating Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis
Prevention of Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis
Patients with peritoneal catheters should be treated with sterile techniques. In cases of liver failure, antibiotics may help prevent peritonitis from coming back.
What to expect (Outlook/Prognosis)?
The infection can usually be treated. However, kidney or liver disease may limit recovery.