Strep throat natural history: Difference between revisions

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Latest revision as of 00:19, 30 July 2020

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Tarek Nafee, M.D. [2]; Aysha Anwar, M.B.B.S [3]

Overview

If left untreated, group A streptococcal pharyngitis may be self-limiting. In some cases, complications such as peritonsillar abscess, retropharyngeal abscess, mastoiditis, and cervical lymphadenitis may develop in untreated patients.^[1]^[2]^[3] Less commonly, post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis, rheumatic fever, and toxic shock syndrome may develop as delayed complications. Rarely, vasculitis may occur. The prognosis of strep throat is good with treatment; complications rarely develop with adequate treatment.

Natural history

If left untreated, group A streptococcal pharyngitis may be self-limiting. In some cases, complications such as peritonsillar abscess, retropharyngeal abscess, mastoiditis, and cervical lymphadenitis may develop in untreated patients which may results in septic shock or death if they are not managed appropriately.^[1]^[2]^[3] Less commonly, delayed chronic complications such as post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis, rheumatic fever, and toxic shock syndrome may develop. Rarely, vasculitis may occur.

Complications

Complications that can develop as a result of strep throat may be divided into suppurative and non-suppurative types:^[1]^[3]

Suppurative

Images of vasculitis after Streptococcal throat infection

Non-suppurative

Prognosis

The prognosis of strep throat is good with treatment. Complications rarely develop with adequate treatment.^[1]

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 http://www.cdc.gov/groupastrep/diseases-hcp/strep-throat.html Accessed on October 18, 2016
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Rantz LA (1946). "THE NATURAL HISTORY OF HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCUS SORE THROAT". Calif Med. 65 (6): 265–70. PMC 1642726. PMID 18731131.
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Langlois DM, Andreae M (2011). "Group A streptococcal infections". Pediatr Rev. 32 (10): 423–9, quiz 430. doi:10.1542/pir.32-10-423. PMID 21965709.

Template:WH Template:WS

[cdcp-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 http://www.cdc.gov/groupastrep/diseases-hcp/strep-throat.html Accessed on October 18, 2016

[pmid18731131-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Rantz LA (1946). "THE NATURAL HISTORY OF HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCUS SORE THROAT". Calif Med. 65 (6): 265–70. PMC 1642726. PMID 18731131.

[pmid21965709-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Langlois DM, Andreae M (2011). "Group A streptococcal infections". Pediatr Rev. 32 (10): 423–9, quiz 430. doi:10.1542/pir.32-10-423. PMID 21965709.

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[3]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+__NOTOC__
 {{Strep throat}}
-{{CMG}}
+{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{TarekNafee}}; {{AA}}
+==Overview==
+If left untreated, group A streptococcal [[pharyngitis]] may be self-limiting. In some cases, complications such as [[peritonsillar abscess]], [[retropharyngeal abscess]], [[mastoiditis]], and [[Lymphadenitis|cervical lymphadenitis]] may develop in untreated patients.<ref name="cdcp">http://www.cdc.gov/groupastrep/diseases-hcp/strep-throat.html Accessed on October 18, 2016</ref><ref name="pmid18731131">{{cite journal| author=Rantz LA| title=THE NATURAL HISTORY OF HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCUS SORE THROAT. | journal=Calif Med | year= 1946 | volume= 65 | issue= 6 | pages= 265-70 | pmid=18731131 | doi= | pmc=1642726 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18731131  }} </ref><ref name="pmid21965709">{{cite journal| author=Langlois DM, Andreae M| title=Group A streptococcal infections. | journal=Pediatr Rev | year= 2011 | volume= 32 | issue= 10 | pages= 423-9; quiz 430 | pmid=21965709 | doi=10.1542/pir.32-10-423 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21965709  }} </ref> Less commonly, [[post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis]],  [[Rheumatic fever|rheumatic fever,]] and [[toxic shock syndrome]] may develop as delayed complications. Rarely, [[vasculitis]] may occur. The [[prognosis]] of strep throat is good with treatment; complications rarely develop with adequate treatment.
-==Overview==
+==Natural history==
+If left untreated, group A streptococcal [[pharyngitis]] may be self-limiting. In some cases, complications such as [[peritonsillar abscess]], [[retropharyngeal abscess]], [[mastoiditis]], and [[Lymphadenitis|cervical lymphadenitis]] may develop in untreated patients which may results in [[septic shock]] or death if they are not managed appropriately.<ref name="cdcp" /><ref name="pmid18731131" /><ref name="pmid21965709" /> Less commonly, delayed chronic complications such as [[post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis]],  [[Rheumatic fever|rheumatic fever,]] and [[toxic shock syndrome]] may develop. Rarely, [[vasculitis]] may occur.
 ==Complications==
-The symptoms of strep throat usually improve even without treatment in five days, but the patient is contagious for several weeks. Lack of treatment or incomplete treatment of strep throat can lead to various complications. Some of them may pose serious health risks.
+Complications that can develop as a result of strep throat may be divided into [[suppurative]] and non-suppurative types:<ref name="cdcp">http://www.cdc.gov/groupastrep/diseases-hcp/strep-throat.html Accessed on October 18, 2016</ref><ref name="pmid21965709">{{cite journal| author=Langlois DM, Andreae M| title=Group A streptococcal infections. | journal=Pediatr Rev | year= 2011 | volume= 32 | issue= 10 | pages= 423-9; quiz 430 | pmid=21965709 | doi=10.1542/pir.32-10-423 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21965709  }} </ref>
+===Suppurative===
+*[[Peritonsillar abscess]]
+*[[Retropharyngeal abscess]]
+*[[Otitis media]]
+*[[Sinusitis]]
+*Cervical [[lymphadenitis]]
+*[[Mastoiditis]]
+*[[Vasculitis]]
+'''Images of [[vasculitis]] after Streptococcal throat infection'''
-'''Infectious complications'''
+[[File:Strep vasculitis 1.jpg|Streptococcal vasculitis|left|thumb|300px| Case courtesy of wikidoc.org]]
+[[File:Strep vasculitis 2.jpg|Streptococcal vasculitis|left|thumb|300px| Case courtesy of wikidoc.org]]
+<br style="clear:left" />
-*The active infection may occur in the throat, skin, and in blood.
+===Non-suppurative ===
-*Skin and soft tissues may become infected, resulting in redness, pain, and swelling. Skin and deep tissues may also become necrotic (rare).
+*[[Rheumatic fever]]
-*[[Scarlet fever]] is caused by toxins released by the bacteria.
+*[[Acute glomerulonephritis]]
-*Rarely, some strains may cause a severe illness in which [[blood pressure]] is reduced and lung injury and [[kidney failure]] may occur (toxic shock syndrome).
+*[[Toxic shock syndrome]]
-'''Noninfective complications'''
-*During the infection, [[antibodies]] (disease–fighting chemicals) are produced. *Rare complication can result after the organism is cleared, when these antibodies cause disease in body organs.
+==Prognosis==
-*[[Rheumatic fever]] is a heart disease in which the [[inflammation]] of heart muscle and scarring of [[heart valves]] can occur.
+The [[prognosis]] of strep throat is good with treatment. Complications rarely develop with adequate treatment.<ref name="cdcp">http://www.cdc.gov/groupastrep/diseases-hcp/strep-throat.html Accessed on October 18, 2016</ref>
-*[[Glomerulonephritis]] is a kidney disease in which the injury may lead to kidney failure.<ref>[http://www.emedicinehealth.com/strep_throat/page10_em.htm EMedicineHealth]</ref>
 ==References==
-{{reflist|2}}
+{{Reflist|2}}
+{{WH}}
+{{WS}}
+[[Category:Emergency mdicine]]
 [[Category:Disease]]
+[[Category:Up-To-Date]]
 [[Category:Infectious disease]]
+[[Category:Pediatrics]]
 [[Category:Otolaryngology]]
-[[Category:Pulmonology]]
-{{WH}}
-{{WS}}