Viral encephalitis physical examination: Difference between revisions

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Latest revision as of 00:40, 30 July 2020

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Priyamvada Singh, MBBS [2]; Anthony Gallo, B.S. [3]

Overview

Encephalitis is an acute inflammation of the brain, commonly caused by a viral infection. It may present as focal or diffuse neurological manifestations. The signs may include altered mental status, change in personality, meningismus, ataxia, seizures, and cranial nerve involvement. Stiff neck, due to the irritation of the meninges covering the brain, indicates that the patient has either meningitis or meningeoncephalitis.

Physical Examination

Appearance

Altered sensorium
Personality changes

Skin

Herpetic skin lesions

Head

Bulging fontanelles

Eyes

Jaundice in Herpes simplex encephalitis
Keratoconjunctivitis

Throat

Herpetic lesions in tongue and buccal mucosa (mouth ulcers)

Abdomen

Hepatomegaly

Neurologic

Focal neurological signs are found commonly in patients with Herpes simplex encephalitis. Common findings in encephalitis are:

References

Template:WikiDoc Sources

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-'''For patient information, click [[Encephalitis (patient information)|here]]'''
+__NOTOC__
-{{Encephalitis}}
+{{Viral encephalitis}}
-{{CMG}}
+{{CMG}}; {{AE}} [[Priyamvada Singh|Priyamvada Singh, MBBS]] [mailto:psingh13579@gmail.com]; {{AG}}
 ==Overview==
-'''Encephalitis''' is an [[Acute (medical)|acute]] [[inflammation]] of the [[brain]], commonly caused by a [[virus|viral]] [[infection]]. Sometimes, encephalitis can result from a [[bacteria]]l infection, such as bacterial [[meningitis]], or it may be a complication of other infectious diseases like [[rabies]] (viral) or [[syphilis]] (bacterial). Certain [[parasitic]] or [[protozoa]]l infestations, such as [[toxoplasmosis]], [[malaria]], or [[primary amoebic meningoencephalitis]], can also cause encephalitis in people with [[immune deficiency|compromised]] [[immune system]]s. Brain damage occurs as the inflamed brain pushes against the skull, and can lead to death.
+Encephalitis is an [[Acute (medical)|acute]] [[inflammation]] of the [[brain]], commonly caused by a [[virus|viral]] [[infection]]. It may present as focal or diffuse neurological manifestations. The signs may include altered mental status, change in personality, meningismus, ataxia, seizures, and cranial nerve involvement. Stiff neck, due to the irritation of the meninges covering the brain, indicates that the patient has either meningitis or meningeoncephalitis.
-==Physical examination==
-===Focal===
+==Physical Examination==
-Focal neurological signs are found commonly in patients with Herpes simplex encephalitis. Common findings in encephalitis are:
+===Appearance===
-* Focal seizures
-* Cranial nerve palsy
-* Dysphagia (Rabies)
-===Diffuse===
 * Altered sensorium
 * Personality changes
-* Autonomic dysfunction
+===Skin===
-* Hemiparesis
+* Herpetic skin lesions
+===Head===
+* Bulging fontanelles
+===Eyes===
+* [[Jaundice]] in Herpes simplex encephalitis
+* [[Keratoconjunctivitis]]
+===Throat===
+* Herpetic lesions in tongue and [[buccal mucosa]] (mouth ulcers)
+===Abdomen===
+* [[Hepatomegaly]]
+===Neurologic===
+Focal neurological signs are found commonly in patients with Herpes simplex encephalitis. Common findings in encephalitis are:
+* [[Cranial nerve palsy]]
+* [[Autonomic dysfunction]]
+* [[Hemiparesis]]
 * Meningismus
-* Dystonia
+* [[Dystonia]]
-* Ataxia
+* [[Ataxia]]
+* Abnormal [[reflexes]]
+==References==
+{{Reflist|2}}
+{{WikiDoc Help Menu}}
+{{WikiDoc Sources}}
-==See also==
+[[Category:Disease]]
 [[Category:Neurological disorders]]
-[[Category:Infectious disease]]
 [[Category:Inflammations]]
-[[Category:Greek loanwords]]
 [[Category:Overview complete]]
-{{WikiDoc Help Menu}}
-{{WikiDoc Sources}}