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| {{Vitamin B12 deficiency}}
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| {{CMG}}
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| === Common Causes ===
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| Vitamin B 12 deficiency may be caused by:
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| === Decrease intake ===
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| * Strict vegan diet more than 3 years .
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| * Breast fed infants of pure vegan may also develop deficiency .
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| * Malnutrition most likely happen in elderly patients.
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| === Malabsorption ===
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| * Decrease intrinsic factor due autoimmune destruction of parietal cell
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| * Decrease Gastric acid production due to proton pump inhibitor and histamine 2 receptor antagonists
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| * Gastric by pass surgery because intrinsic factor is produce by parietal cell of stomach
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| * Tapeworm (Diphyllobothrium latum ) ingested from contaminated fish , tapeworm saps nutrients
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| * Crohn's disease
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| === Increased requirement ===
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| * pregnancy
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| ==References== | | ==References== |
| {{Reflist|2}} | | {{Reflist|2}} |
| | {{WH}} |
| | {{WS}} |
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| [[Category:Hematology]] | | [[Category:Hematology]] |
| [[Category:Gastroenterology]] | | [[Category:Gastroenterology]] |
| [[Category:Primary care]]
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| {{WH}}
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| {{WS}}
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