Whipworm infection differential diagnosis: Difference between revisions
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{{ | [[Image:Home_logo1.png|right|250px|link=https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Whipworm_infection]] | ||
{{ | {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{AKI}} {{MMF}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Trichuriasis must be differentiated from other [[nematode]] infections, such as [[ascariasis]], [[Hookworm|hook worm infection]], and ''[[Strongyloides stercoralis]]'', that can present with [[diarrhea]] and [[abdominal pain]]. | |||
==Differential Diagnosis== | ==Differential Diagnosis== | ||
[[Trichuriasis]] must be differentiated from other [[nematode]] infections, such as [[ascariasis]], [[Hookworm|hook worm infection]], and [[Strongyloides stercoralis|''Strongyloides stercoralis'']] [[infection]], that can present with [[diarrhea]] and [[abdominal pain]]. | |||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
! colspan=" | ! colspan="8" |Differentiating Trichuriasis from other Nematode infections<ref name="Principles and Practice">Durand, Marlene (2015). "Chapter 288:Intestinal Nematodes (Roundworms)". Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases Updated Edition, Eighth Edition. Elsevier. pp. 3199–3207. ISBN 978-1-4557-4801-3.</ref><ref name="Murray and Nadel's Textbook of Respiratory Medicine">{{cite book |last1=Kim |first1=Kami |last2=Weiss |first2=Louis |last3=Tanowitz |first3=Herbert |title=Murray and Nadel's Textbook of Respiratory Medicine Sixth Edition |publisher=Elsevier |date=2016 |pages=682-698 |chapter=Chapter 39:Parasitic Infections |isbn=978-1-4557-3383-5}}</ref><ref name="pmid21879805">{{cite journal| author=Serpytis M, Seinin D| title=Fatal case of ectopic enterobiasis: Enterobius vermicularis in the kidneys. | journal=Scand J Urol Nephrol | year= 2012 | volume= 46 | issue= 1 | pages= 70-2 | pmid=21879805 | doi=10.3109/00365599.2011.609834 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21879805 }} </ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Nematode | ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Infection | ||
|Transmission | ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Nematode | ||
|Direct Person-Person Transmission | ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Transmission | ||
|Duration of Infection | ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Direct Person-Person Transmission | ||
|Pulmonary Manifestation | ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Duration of Infection | ||
|Location of Adult worm(s) | ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Pulmonary Manifestation | ||
|Treatment | ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Location of Adult worm(s) | ||
! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Treatment | |||
|- | |- | ||
|[[ | | style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Trichuriasis]] (whipworm infection) | ||
|Ingestion of infective ova | | style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Trichuris trichiura|''Trichuris trichiura'']] | ||
([[whipworm]]) | |||
|Ingestion of infective [[ova]] | |||
|No | |No | ||
| | | | ||
* [[Löffler's syndrome]] (usually about 9-12 days after exposure to ova) | * 1-3 years | ||
| | |||
* No [[pulmonary]] migration, therefore, no pulmonary manifestation | |||
|Anchored in the superficial [[mucosa]] of [[cecum]] and [[colon]] | |||
| | |||
* [[Albendazole]] | |||
* [[Mebendazole]] | |||
|- | |||
| style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Strongyloidiasis]] | |||
| style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Strongyloides stercoralis|''Strongyloides stercoralis'']] | |||
|Filariform larvae penetrate [[skin]] or [[bowel]] [[mucosa]] | |||
|Yes | |||
| | |||
* Lifetime of the host | |||
| | |||
* [[Löffler's syndrome]] | |||
* Chronic [[cough]] | |||
* [[Pneumonia]] or [[sepsis]] in hyperinfection | |||
|Embedded in the mucosa of the [[duodenum]], [[jejunum]] | |||
| | |||
* [[Ivermectin]] | |||
* [[Albendazole]] | |||
* [[Thiabendazole]] | |||
|- | |||
| style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Ascariasis]] | |||
| style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Ascaris lumbricoides|''Ascaris lumbricoides'']] | |||
|Ingestion of infective [[ova]] | |||
|No | |||
| | |||
* 1-2 years | |||
| | |||
* [[Löffler's syndrome]] (usually about 9-12 days after exposure to [[ova]]) | |||
* [[Cough]] | * [[Cough]] | ||
* Substernal discomfort | * [[Substernal pain|Substernal]] discomfort | ||
* [[Crackles]] | * [[Crackles]] | ||
* [[Wheezing]] | * [[Wheezing]] | ||
* Transient opacities | * Transient [[Opacity|opacities]] | ||
|Free in the lumen of the small bowel | |Free air in the [[lumen]] of the [[small bowel]] ([[jejunum]]) | ||
( | |||
| | | | ||
* [[Albendazole]] | * [[Albendazole]] | ||
| Line 44: | Line 78: | ||
* [[Piperazine]] | * [[Piperazine]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[ | | style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Hookworm Infection|Hookworm infection]] | ||
| style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Necator americanus|''Necator americanus'']] and [[Ancylostoma duodenale|''Ancylostoma duodenale'']] | |||
| | |[[Skin]] penetration by filariform larvae | ||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|Skin penetration by filariform larvae | |||
|No | |No | ||
| | | | ||
* 3-5 years (Necator) | * 3-5 years (''[[Necator americanus|Necator]]'') | ||
* 1 year (Ancylostoma) | * 1 year (''[[Ancylostoma]]'') | ||
| | | | ||
* [[Löffler's syndrome]] | * [[Löffler's syndrome]] | ||
* Transient opacities | * Transient opacities | ||
|Attached to the mucosa of mid-upper portion of the [[small bowel]] | |Attached to the [[mucosa]] of mid-upper portion of the [[small bowel]] | ||
| | | | ||
* [[Albendazole]] | * [[Albendazole]] | ||
| Line 75: | Line 98: | ||
* [[Pyrantel pamoate]] | * [[Pyrantel pamoate]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[ | | style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Enterobiasis]] | ||
| | | style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |''[[Enterobius vermicularis]]'' | ||
([[pinworm]]) | |||
|Ingestion of infective [[ova]] | |||
|Yes | |Yes | ||
| | | | ||
* | * 1 month | ||
| | | | ||
* | * Extraintestinal migration is very rare | ||
|Free air in the lumen of [[cecum]], [[appendix]], adjacent [[colon]] | |||
|Free in the lumen of [[cecum]], [[appendix]], adjacent [[colon]] | |||
| | | | ||
* [[Albendazole]] | * [[Albendazole]] | ||
| Line 106: | Line 119: | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
{{WH}} | |||
{{WS}} | |||
[[Category:Needs content]] | [[Category:Needs content]] | ||
[[Category:Disease]] | [[Category:Disease]] | ||
[[Category:Gastroenterology]] | [[Category:Gastroenterology]] | ||
[[Category:Conditions diagnosed by stool test]] | [[Category:Conditions diagnosed by stool test]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Emergency mdicine]] | ||
[[Category:Up-To-Date]] | |||
[[Category:Infectious disease]] | |||
[[Category:Pediatrics]] | |||
Latest revision as of 00:45, 30 July 2020
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aravind Kuchkuntla, M.B.B.S[2] Furqan M M. M.B.B.S[3]
Overview
Trichuriasis must be differentiated from other nematode infections, such as ascariasis, hook worm infection, and Strongyloides stercoralis, that can present with diarrhea and abdominal pain.
Differential Diagnosis
Trichuriasis must be differentiated from other nematode infections, such as ascariasis, hook worm infection, and Strongyloides stercoralis infection, that can present with diarrhea and abdominal pain.
| Differentiating Trichuriasis from other Nematode infections[1][2][3] | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Infection | Nematode | Transmission | Direct Person-Person Transmission | Duration of Infection | Pulmonary Manifestation | Location of Adult worm(s) | Treatment |
| Trichuriasis (whipworm infection) | Trichuris trichiura
(whipworm) |
Ingestion of infective ova | No |
|
|
Anchored in the superficial mucosa of cecum and colon | |
| Strongyloidiasis | Strongyloides stercoralis | Filariform larvae penetrate skin or bowel mucosa | Yes |
|
|
Embedded in the mucosa of the duodenum, jejunum | |
| Ascariasis | Ascaris lumbricoides | Ingestion of infective ova | No |
|
|
Free air in the lumen of the small bowel (jejunum) | |
| Hookworm infection | Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale | Skin penetration by filariform larvae | No |
|
|
Attached to the mucosa of mid-upper portion of the small bowel | |
| Enterobiasis | Enterobius vermicularis
(pinworm) |
Ingestion of infective ova | Yes |
|
|
Free air in the lumen of cecum, appendix, adjacent colon | |
References
- ↑ Durand, Marlene (2015). "Chapter 288:Intestinal Nematodes (Roundworms)". Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases Updated Edition, Eighth Edition. Elsevier. pp. 3199–3207. ISBN 978-1-4557-4801-3.
- ↑ Kim, Kami; Weiss, Louis; Tanowitz, Herbert (2016). "Chapter 39:Parasitic Infections". Murray and Nadel's Textbook of Respiratory Medicine Sixth Edition. Elsevier. pp. 682–698. ISBN 978-1-4557-3383-5.
- ↑ Serpytis M, Seinin D (2012). "Fatal case of ectopic enterobiasis: Enterobius vermicularis in the kidneys". Scand J Urol Nephrol. 46 (1): 70–2. doi:10.3109/00365599.2011.609834. PMID 21879805.