Whipworm infection natural history, complications and prognosis: Difference between revisions
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{{Whipworm infection}} | {{Whipworm infection}} | ||
{{CMG}} | {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{AKI}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
In most cases, [[whipworm infection]] causes no clinical symptoms, but a severe infection can cause [[abdominal pain]], [[diarrhea]], [[constipation]], [[weight loss]], and [[anemia]]. If left untreated, severe [[infection]] can result in ''Trichuris'' [[dysentery]] syndrome. Complications of heavy whipworm infection include [[chronic]] [[Dysentery|dysentry]], [[rectal prolapse]], and [[growth retardation]]. [[Prognosis]] is excellent with [[Antihelminthic|antihelminthic treatment]] and complete recovery occurs in 1 to 2 weeks. | |||
==Natural History, Prognosis and Complications== | ==Natural History, Prognosis and Complications== | ||
===Natural History=== | ===Natural History=== | ||
In most cases, [[whipworm infection]] causes no clinical symptoms, but a severe infection can cause [[abdominal pain]], [[diarrhea]], [[constipation]], [[weight loss]], and [[anemia]].<ref name="pmid16830393">{{cite journal| author=Tokmak N, Koc Z, Ulusan S, Koltas IS, Bal N| title=Computed tomographic findings of trichuriasis. | journal=World J Gastroenterol | year= 2006 | volume= 12 | issue= 26 | pages= 4270-2 | pmid=16830393 | doi= | pmc=4087392 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16830393 }} </ref> If left untreated, severe [[infection]] can result in ''Trichuris'' [[dysentery]] syndrome, which presents with features of chronic [[dysentery]], [[rectal prolapse]], [[anemia]], poor growth, and [[clubbing]] of the finger nails.<ref name="StephensonHolland2001">{{cite journal|last1=Stephenson|first1=L.S.|last2=Holland|first2=C.V.|last3=Cooper|first3=E.S.|title=The public health significance of Trichuris trichiura|journal=Parasitology|volume=121|issue=S1|year=2001|pages=S73|issn=0031-1820|doi=10.1017/S0031182000006867}}</ref><ref name="pmid15605023">{{cite journal| author=Elsayed S, Yilmaz A, Hershfield N| title=Trichuris trichiura worm infection. | journal=Gastrointest Endosc | year= 2004 | volume= 60 | issue= 6 | pages= 990-1 | pmid=15605023 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15605023 }} </ref> | |||
===Complications=== | ===Complications=== | ||
In patients with | In patients with heavy infection, the following complications may develop:<ref name="StephensonHolland2001">{{cite journal|last1=Stephenson|first1=L.S.|last2=Holland|first2=C.V.|last3=Cooper|first3=E.S.|title=The public health significance of Trichuris trichiura|journal=Parasitology|volume=121|issue=S1|year=2001|pages=S73|issn=0031-1820|doi=10.1017/S0031182000006867}}</ref><ref name="pmid28449427">{{cite journal| author=Kim JB, Seo KI, Moon W| title=Trichuris trichiura Infection in North Korean Defector Resulted in Chronic Abdominal Pain and Growth Retardation. | journal=Korean J Gastroenterol | year= 2017 | volume= 69 | issue= 4 | pages= 243-247 | pmid=28449427 | doi=10.4166/kjg.2017.69.4.243 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=28449427 }} </ref> | ||
*Chronic | *[[Chronic]] [[dysentery]] | ||
*Rectal | *[[Rectal prolapse]] | ||
*Growth retardation | *[[Growth retardation]] | ||
*Anemia | *[[Anemia]] | ||
*[[Malnutrition]] | |||
===Prognosis=== | ===Prognosis=== | ||
The [[prognosis]] of trichuriasis is excellent with [[Antihelminthic|anti-helminthic]] treatment. All the patients recover completely with treatment. | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
{{WH}} | |||
{{WS}} | |||
[[Category:Needs content]] | [[Category:Needs content]] | ||
[[Category:Disease]] | [[Category:Disease]] | ||
[[Category:Gastroenterology]] | [[Category:Gastroenterology]] | ||
[[Category:Conditions diagnosed by stool test]] | [[Category:Conditions diagnosed by stool test]] | ||
Latest revision as of 00:45, 30 July 2020
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aravind Kuchkuntla, M.B.B.S[2]
Overview
In most cases, whipworm infection causes no clinical symptoms, but a severe infection can cause abdominal pain, diarrhea, constipation, weight loss, and anemia. If left untreated, severe infection can result in Trichuris dysentery syndrome. Complications of heavy whipworm infection include chronic dysentry, rectal prolapse, and growth retardation. Prognosis is excellent with antihelminthic treatment and complete recovery occurs in 1 to 2 weeks.
Natural History, Prognosis and Complications
Natural History
In most cases, whipworm infection causes no clinical symptoms, but a severe infection can cause abdominal pain, diarrhea, constipation, weight loss, and anemia.[1] If left untreated, severe infection can result in Trichuris dysentery syndrome, which presents with features of chronic dysentery, rectal prolapse, anemia, poor growth, and clubbing of the finger nails.[2][3]
Complications
In patients with heavy infection, the following complications may develop:[2][4]
Prognosis
The prognosis of trichuriasis is excellent with anti-helminthic treatment. All the patients recover completely with treatment.
References
- ↑ Tokmak N, Koc Z, Ulusan S, Koltas IS, Bal N (2006). "Computed tomographic findings of trichuriasis". World J Gastroenterol. 12 (26): 4270–2. PMC 4087392. PMID 16830393.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Stephenson, L.S.; Holland, C.V.; Cooper, E.S. (2001). "The public health significance of Trichuris trichiura". Parasitology. 121 (S1): S73. doi:10.1017/S0031182000006867. ISSN 0031-1820.
- ↑ Elsayed S, Yilmaz A, Hershfield N (2004). "Trichuris trichiura worm infection". Gastrointest Endosc. 60 (6): 990–1. PMID 15605023.
- ↑ Kim JB, Seo KI, Moon W (2017). "Trichuris trichiura Infection in North Korean Defector Resulted in Chronic Abdominal Pain and Growth Retardation". Korean J Gastroenterol. 69 (4): 243–247. doi:10.4166/kjg.2017.69.4.243. PMID 28449427.