Ataxia differential diagnosis: Difference between revisions
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|'''Acute cerebellitis''' | |'''Acute cerebellitis''' | ||
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*Primary infectious, postinfectious or postvaccination disorder. | *Primary infectious, postinfectious or postvaccination disorder <ref name="pmid30482319">{{cite journal |vauthors=Marsden JF |title=Cerebellar ataxia |journal=Handb Clin Neurol |volume=159 |issue= |pages=261–281 |date=2018 |pmid=30482319 |doi=10.1016/B978-0-444-63916-5.00017-3 |url=}}</ref>. | ||
*Epstein-Barr virus, influenza A and B, mumps, varicella-zoster virus, coxsackie virus, rotavirus, echovirus, ''Mycoplasma pneumoniae'' and immunization | *Epstein-Barr virus, influenza A and B, mumps, varicella-zoster virus, coxsackie virus, rotavirus, echovirus, ''Mycoplasma pneumoniae'' and immunization | ||
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*Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Listeria monocytogenes | *Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Listeria monocytogenes | ||
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*Usually sudden and progressive | |||
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*Lumbar puncture for examination of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and microbiologic testing | *Lumbar puncture for examination of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and microbiologic testing | ||
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*Alcohol, benzodiazepines, or other anticonvulsant drugs or exposure to environmental toxins such as mercury or lead | *Alcohol, benzodiazepines, or other anticonvulsant drugs or exposure to environmental toxins such as mercury or lead | ||
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*Usually sudden and progressive | |||
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*Toxicology testing | *Toxicology testing | ||
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*Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) reveals a multifocal process limited to the white matter | *Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) reveals a multifocal process limited to the white matter | ||
|Presents with subacute neurologic deficits like altered mental status, motor deficits (hemiparesis or monoparesis), limb ataxia, gait ataxia, and visual symptoms such as hemianopia and diplopia | | | ||
*Presents with subacute neurologic deficits like altered mental status, motor deficits (hemiparesis or monoparesis), limb ataxia, gait ataxia, and visual symptoms such as hemianopia and diplopia | |||
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|'''Brain tumors''' | |'''Brain tumors''' | ||
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*Nonmalignant and malignant tumors of the brain and spinal cord. | *Nonmalignant and malignant tumors of the brain and spinal cord. | ||
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*Usually progressive over weeks to months | |||
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* MRI | |||
* Biopsy | |||
* Surgery | |||
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*Symptoms and signs of tumor local invasion, | *Symptoms and signs of tumor local invasion, | ||
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|'''Stroke''' | |'''Stroke''' | ||
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*Ischemic stroke (part of the brain loses blood flow) | |||
*Hemorrhagic stroke (bleeding occurs within the brain) | |||
*Risk factors | |||
**high blood pressure (hypertension), | |||
**high cholesterol, | |||
**diabetes, and | |||
**smoking. | |||
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*Progressive or Sudden | |||
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| | *CT Scan: look for bleeding or masses in the brain. | ||
*CT perfusion scan: see how much brain is at risk to check brain blood supply (perfusion). | |||
*MRI of the brain | |||
|Symptoms of ataxia with | |||
*numbness, | |||
*weakness, | |||
*tingling, or | |||
*vision loss or changes. | |||
*Confusion, | |||
*Changes in the level of consciousness, | |||
*Trouble speaking, | |||
*Trouble understanding speech, vertigo, | |||
*Balance problems | |||
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|'''Vestibular neuritis''' | |'''Vestibular neuritis''' | ||
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* Problem in the inner ear or the brain. | *Problem in the inner ear or the brain. | ||
* Inflammation of the vestibular nerve caused by a virus | *Inflammation of the vestibular nerve caused by a virus | ||
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* Symptoms may come and go over short periods of time, or last for longer periods of time | *Symptoms may come and go over short periods of time, or last for longer periods of time | ||
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* Hearing examination, | *Hearing examination, | ||
* Blood tests, | *Blood tests, | ||
* Electronystagmo-gram | *Electronystagmo-gram | ||
* Imaging studies of the head and brain | *Imaging studies of the head and brain | ||
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* Dizziness or vertigo | *Dizziness or vertigo | ||
* Falling or a feeling as if you are going to fall | *Falling or a feeling as if you are going to fall | ||
* Lightheadedness, fainting, or a floating sensation | *Lightheadedness, fainting, or a floating sensation | ||
* Blurred vision | *Blurred vision | ||
* Confusion or disorientation | *Confusion or disorientation | ||
* Nausea and vomiting | *Nausea and vomiting | ||
* Diarrhea | *Diarrhea | ||
* Changes in blood pressure and heart rate | *Changes in blood pressure and heart rate | ||
* Fear | *Fear | ||
* Anxiety | *Anxiety | ||
* Panic | *Panic | ||
|} | |} | ||
==References== | ==References== |
Latest revision as of 19:26, 24 August 2020
TYPE | CAUSE | PROGRESSION | IMAGING FEATURES and OTHER TESTS | SYMPTOMS |
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Acute cerebellitis |
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From self-limited to fatal, depending on the amount of cerebellar swelling |
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Bacterial infection |
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Acquired immunodeficiency syndromes |
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Subacute ataxia which progress in months |
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Chronic alcohol use/Alcoholic cerebellar degeneration |
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Rapid progression (weeks or months) |
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Antibiotic-induced acute ataxia |
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Weeks after initiation |
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Toxic ingestions |
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Atypical infections |
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Brain tumors |
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Stroke |
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Symptoms of ataxia with
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Vestibular neuritis |
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References
- ↑ Marsden JF (2018). "Cerebellar ataxia". Handb Clin Neurol. 159: 261–281. doi:10.1016/B978-0-444-63916-5.00017-3. PMID 30482319.