Ataxia physical examination: Difference between revisions
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===Mental status examination=== | |||
Abnormalities in higher cortical functions like executive functions, spatial orientation, motor memory, language functions, and emotional recognition and production | Abnormalities in higher cortical functions like executive functions, spatial orientation, motor memory, language functions, and emotional recognition and production | ||
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*Cognitive impairment, and | *Cognitive impairment, and | ||
*Behavior changes. | *Behavior changes. | ||
===Cerebellar signs=== | |||
The gait is affected in almost all patients. Patients cannot stand with their feet together. Tests like tandem stance or walking can be used. Gait is wide-based. Also, we can see impaired cerebellar functions, like limb dysmetria, intention tremors, along with loss of tone, as well as dysarthria and nystagmus. | |||
=== Strength=== | |||
*Symmetric proximal muscle weakness has been seen. Distal muscle weakness can also be present, which suggests generalized neuropathy. | |||
*Gait dysfunction may also suggest muscle weakness rather than ataxia. | |||
===Extrapyramidal system=== | |||
*Rigidity with slowed movements | |||
*Slowed or delayed postural corrections | |||
*Dystonia or limitations of vertical gaze | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Latest revision as of 19:46, 24 August 2020
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Ataxia Microchapters |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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Ataxia physical examination On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Ataxia physical examination |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Ataxia physical examination |
Mental status examination
Abnormalities in higher cortical functions like executive functions, spatial orientation, motor memory, language functions, and emotional recognition and production
- Impairment of consciousness,
- Visual changes,
- Trouble speaking and swallowing,
- Focal sensory loss or weakness,
- Vertigo,
- Slow and abnormal movements,
- Cognitive impairment, and
- Behavior changes.
Cerebellar signs
The gait is affected in almost all patients. Patients cannot stand with their feet together. Tests like tandem stance or walking can be used. Gait is wide-based. Also, we can see impaired cerebellar functions, like limb dysmetria, intention tremors, along with loss of tone, as well as dysarthria and nystagmus.
Strength
- Symmetric proximal muscle weakness has been seen. Distal muscle weakness can also be present, which suggests generalized neuropathy.
- Gait dysfunction may also suggest muscle weakness rather than ataxia.
Extrapyramidal system
- Rigidity with slowed movements
- Slowed or delayed postural corrections
- Dystonia or limitations of vertical gaze