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<nowiki>*</nowiki>/Most small children with febrile UTI do not develop renal damage and if they do the majority remain unchanged or regress over time.PMID: 28681079


<nowiki>*</nowiki>/Differentiating UTI from asymptomatic bacteriuria, which usually requires no treatment, can lower the frequency of unnecessary antibiotic prescriptions.PMID: 20539810


==Gunecology content==
<nowiki>*</nowiki>/Febrile infants with UTIs should undergo renal and bladder ultrasonography. PMID: 26361319


*Female Reproductive Anatomy
<nowiki>*</nowiki>/
*Gynecologic Procedures
*Pelvic Organ Prolapse
*Vaginal Prolapse
* Urinary Incontinence
*Vaginal Discharge
*Vulvar Diseases
*Cervical Lesions
*Cervical Neoplasia
*Müllerian Anomalies
*Enlarged Uterus
* Endometrial Neoplasia
*Physiologic Enlargement
*Prepubertal Pelvic Mass
*STDs with Ulcers
*STDs without Ulcers
*Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)
*Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
*Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
*Intrauterine Contraception
*Long-Acting Reversible Contraception
*Natural Family Planning
*Periodic Abstinence
*Coitus Interruptus
*Vaginal Douche
*Lactation
*Sterilization
*Sexual Dysfunction
*Sexual Assault
*Menstrual Physiology
* Premenarchal Vaginal Bleeding
*Abnormal Vaginal Bleeding
*Primary Amenorrhea
*Secondary Amenorrhea
*Precocious Puberty
*Premenstrual Disorders
*Hirsutism
*Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
*Infertility
*Menopause
*Normal Breast Development
*Benign Breast Disorders
*Breast Cancer


Some factors make it easier for bacteria to enter or stay in the urinary tract, such as:


==Obstetric content==
*Vesicoureteral reflux in which urine flow backs up into the ureters and kidneys.
*Brain or nervous system illnesses (such as myelomeningocele or spinal cord injury).
*Bubble baths or tight-fitting clothes (girls).
*Changes or birth defects in the structure of the urinary tract.
*Not urinating often enough during the day.
*Wiping from back (near the anus) to front after going to the bathroom. In girls, this can bring bacteria to the opening where the urine comes out.https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000505.htm<nowiki/>*


*Placental Hormones
<nowiki>*</nowiki>/UTIs are more common in girls. This may occur as children begin toilet training around 3 years of age. Boys who are not circumcised have a slightly higher risk of UTIs before age 1.
*Physiologic Changes in Pregnancy
*Physiology of Lactation
*Embryology and Fetology
*Perinatal Statistics and Terminology
*Genetic Disorders
* Induced Abortion
*Early Pregnancy Bleeding
*Fetal Demise
*Ectopic Pregnancy
*Obstetrical Ultrasound
*Invasive Procedures
* Prenatal Diagnostic Testing
* Diagnosing Pregnancy
*Establishing Gestational Age
*Identifying Prenatal Risk Factors
*Normal Pregnancy Events
*Normal Pregnancy Complaints
*Safe and Unsafe Immunizations
*Prenatal Laboratory Testing
*Late Pregnancy Bleeding
*Perinatal Infections
*Obstetric Complications
*Cervical Insufficiency
*Multiple Gestation
*Alloimmunization
*Preterm Labor
*Premature Rupture of Membranes
*Post-term Pregnancy
*Hypertension in Pregnancy
*Gestational Hypertension
*Preeclampsia
*Preeclampsia with Severe Features
*Eclampsia
* Chronic Hypertension with or without Superimposed
*Preeclampsia
*HELLP Syndrome
*Cardiac Disease
*Thyroid Disease
*Seizure Disorders
*Diabetes
*Anemia
*Liver Disease
*Urinary Tract Infections
*Thrombophilias
*Antiphospholipid Syndrome
*Intrauterine Growth Restriction
*Macrosomia
*Antepartum Fetal Testing
*Nonstress Test
*Amniotic Fluid Assessment
*Biophysical Profile (BPP)
*Contraction Stress Test
*Umbilical Artery Doppler
*Fetal Orientation in Utero
*Normal and Abnormal Labor
*Obstetric Anesthesia
*Intrapartum Fetal Monitoring
*Operative Obstetrics
*Postpartum Physiologic
*Postpartum Contraception and Immunizations
*Postpartum Hemorrhage
*Postpartum Fever


<br />
== Causes ==
<br />
*The exact cause of a placental abruption may be hard to determine,But some factors may raise a woman's risk for it:
#History of placental abruption in previous pregnancy
#Long-term high blood pressure
#Sudden high blood pressure in pregnant women who had normal blood pressure in the past
#Heart disease
#Smoking
#drugs like Alcohol or cocaine use
#twins pregnancy or more
#Being older than 35
*Direct causes are rare, but include:
#Injury to the belly area (abdomen) from a fall, hit to the abdomen, or automobile accident
#Sudden loss of uterine volume (can occur with rapid loss of amniotic fluid or after a first twin is delivered)




10.1016/j.pcl.2006.02.011. [[International Standard Serial Number|ISSN]] 0031-3955


Placental abruption is an important cause of antenatal haemorrhage; but it is not the most common. Differential diagnoses to consider include:
 


* Placenta praevia : where the placenta is fully or partially attached to the lower uterine segment.
 
* Marginal placental bleed : small, partial abruption of the placenta which is large enough to cause revealed bleeding, but not large enough to cause maternal or fetal compromise.
 
* Vasa praevia:  which is extremely rare but devastating condition in which fetal umbilical cord blood vessels cross or run in close to the inner cervical os.
 
* Uterine rupture : This usually occurs in labour with a history of previous caesarean section or previous uterine surgery such as myomectomy, where the full-thickness disruption of the uterine muscle and overlying serosa.
 
* Local genital causes:
<br />{{familytree/start}}
** Benign or malignant lesions :e.g. polyps, carcinoma. cervical ectropion (common).
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | A01 | | | | | |A01=UTI classification}}
** Infections : e.g. candida, bacterial vaginosis and chlamydia.
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | }}
<references />
{{familytree | | | | | |,|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| }}
{{familytree | | | | | C01 | | | | | | | | | C02 | | | | | | | | | C03 |C01=level of the infection|C02=Severity|C03=Recurrency}}
{{familytree | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | |!| }}
{{familytree | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | |!| }}
{{familytree | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| | | |,|-|-|^|-|-|.| | | | | |,|-|^|-|-|.| | | }}
{{familytree | D01 | | D02 | | D03 | | D04 | | | | D05 | | | | D06 | | | D07 | | D01=Cystitis:infection in the bladder|D02=Pyelonephritis:infetion of the renal pelvis and kidney|D03=Urethritis:infection of the urethra|D04=Complicated|D05=Uncomplicated|D06=First time of infection|D07=recurrent infection}}
{{familytree/end}}

Latest revision as of 05:14, 25 October 2020

*/Most small children with febrile UTI do not develop renal damage and if they do the majority remain unchanged or regress over time.PMID: 28681079

*/Differentiating UTI from asymptomatic bacteriuria, which usually requires no treatment, can lower the frequency of unnecessary antibiotic prescriptions.PMID: 20539810

*/Febrile infants with UTIs should undergo renal and bladder ultrasonography. PMID: 26361319

*/

Some factors make it easier for bacteria to enter or stay in the urinary tract, such as:

  • Vesicoureteral reflux in which urine flow backs up into the ureters and kidneys.
  • Brain or nervous system illnesses (such as myelomeningocele or spinal cord injury).
  • Bubble baths or tight-fitting clothes (girls).
  • Changes or birth defects in the structure of the urinary tract.
  • Not urinating often enough during the day.
  • Wiping from back (near the anus) to front after going to the bathroom. In girls, this can bring bacteria to the opening where the urine comes out.https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000505.htm*

*/UTIs are more common in girls. This may occur as children begin toilet training around 3 years of age. Boys who are not circumcised have a slightly higher risk of UTIs before age 1.


10.1016/j.pcl.2006.02.011. ISSN 0031-3955





 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
UTI classification
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
level of the infection
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Severity
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Recurrency
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cystitis:infection in the bladder
 
Pyelonephritis:infetion of the renal pelvis and kidney
 
Urethritis:infection of the urethra
 
Complicated
 
 
 
Uncomplicated
 
 
 
First time of infection
 
 
recurrent infection
 
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