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<nowiki>*</nowiki>/Most small children with febrile UTI do not develop renal damage and if they do the majority remain unchanged or regress over time.PMID: 28681079


<nowiki>*</nowiki>/Differentiating UTI from asymptomatic bacteriuria, which usually requires no treatment, can lower the frequency of unnecessary antibiotic prescriptions.PMID: 20539810


==Gunecology content==
<nowiki>*</nowiki>/Febrile infants with UTIs should undergo renal and bladder ultrasonography. PMID: 26361319


*Female Reproductive Anatomy
<nowiki>*</nowiki>/
*Gynecologic Procedures
*Pelvic Organ Prolapse
*Vaginal Prolapse
* Urinary Incontinence
*Vaginal Discharge
*Vulvar Diseases
*Cervical Lesions
*Cervical Neoplasia
*Müllerian Anomalies
*Enlarged Uterus
* Endometrial Neoplasia
*Physiologic Enlargement
*Prepubertal Pelvic Mass
*STDs with Ulcers
*STDs without Ulcers
*Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)
*Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
*Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
*Intrauterine Contraception
*Long-Acting Reversible Contraception
*Natural Family Planning
*Periodic Abstinence
*Coitus Interruptus
*Vaginal Douche
*Lactation
*Sterilization
*Sexual Dysfunction
*Sexual Assault
*Menstrual Physiology
* Premenarchal Vaginal Bleeding
*Abnormal Vaginal Bleeding
*Primary Amenorrhea
*Secondary Amenorrhea
*Precocious Puberty
*Premenstrual Disorders
*Hirsutism
*Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
*Infertility
*Menopause
*Normal Breast Development
*Benign Breast Disorders
*Breast Cancer


Some factors make it easier for bacteria to enter or stay in the urinary tract, such as:


==Obstetric content==
*Vesicoureteral reflux in which urine flow backs up into the ureters and kidneys.
*Brain or nervous system illnesses (such as myelomeningocele or spinal cord injury).
*Bubble baths or tight-fitting clothes (girls).
*Changes or birth defects in the structure of the urinary tract.
*Not urinating often enough during the day.
*Wiping from back (near the anus) to front after going to the bathroom. In girls, this can bring bacteria to the opening where the urine comes out.https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000505.htm<nowiki/>*


*Placental Hormones
<nowiki>*</nowiki>/UTIs are more common in girls. This may occur as children begin toilet training around 3 years of age. Boys who are not circumcised have a slightly higher risk of UTIs before age 1.
*Physiologic Changes in Pregnancy
*Physiology of Lactation
*Embryology and Fetology
*Perinatal Statistics and Terminology
*Genetic Disorders
* Induced Abortion
*Early Pregnancy Bleeding
*Fetal Demise
*Ectopic Pregnancy
*Obstetrical Ultrasound
*Invasive Procedures
* Prenatal Diagnostic Testing
* Diagnosing Pregnancy
*Establishing Gestational Age
*Identifying Prenatal Risk Factors
*Normal Pregnancy Events
*Normal Pregnancy Complaints
*Safe and Unsafe Immunizations
*Prenatal Laboratory Testing
*Late Pregnancy Bleeding
*Perinatal Infections
*Obstetric Complications
*Cervical Insufficiency
*Multiple Gestation
*Alloimmunization
*Preterm Labor
*Premature Rupture of Membranes
*Post-term Pregnancy
*Hypertension in Pregnancy
*Gestational Hypertension
*Preeclampsia
*Preeclampsia with Severe Features
*Eclampsia
* Chronic Hypertension with or without Superimposed
*Preeclampsia
*HELLP Syndrome
*Cardiac Disease
*Thyroid Disease
*Seizure Disorders
*Diabetes
*Anemia
*Liver Disease
*Urinary Tract Infections
*Thrombophilias
*Antiphospholipid Syndrome
*Intrauterine Growth Restriction
*Macrosomia
*Antepartum Fetal Testing
*Nonstress Test
*Amniotic Fluid Assessment
*Biophysical Profile (BPP)
*Contraction Stress Test
*Umbilical Artery Doppler
*Fetal Orientation in Utero
*Normal and Abnormal Labor
*Obstetric Anesthesia
*Intrapartum Fetal Monitoring
*Operative Obstetrics
*Postpartum Physiologic
*Postpartum Contraception and Immunizations
*Postpartum Hemorrhage
*Postpartum Fever


<br />
== Causes ==
<br />
*The exact cause of a placental abruption may be hard to determine,But some factors may raise a woman's risk for it:
#History of placental abruption in previous pregnancy
#Long-term high blood pressure
#Sudden high blood pressure in pregnant women who had normal blood pressure in the past
#Heart disease
#Smoking
#drugs like Alcohol or cocaine use
#twins pregnancy or more
#Being older than 35
*Direct causes are rare, but include:
#Injury to the belly area (abdomen) from a fall, hit to the abdomen, or automobile accident
#Sudden loss of uterine volume (can occur with rapid loss of amniotic fluid or after a first twin is delivered)




10.1016/j.pcl.2006.02.011. [[International Standard Serial Number|ISSN]] 0031-3955


Placental abruption is an important cause of antenatal haemorrhage; but it is not the most common. Differential diagnoses to consider include:
 


* Placenta praevia : where the placenta is fully or partially attached to the lower uterine segment.
*Subchorionic Hemorrhage: is bleeding between the amniotic sac (membranes) and the uterine wall.This can occur by the placenta disconnecting from the original site of implantation, resulting in bleeding of the chorionic membranes, the outer layer of the amniotic sac.
* Vasa praevia:  which is extremely rare but devastating condition in which fetal umbilical cord blood vessels cross or run in close to the inner cervical os.
* Uterine rupture : This usually occurs in labour with a history of previous caesarean section or previous uterine surgery such as myomectomy,  where the full-thickness disruption of the uterine muscle and overlying serosa.
* Local genital causes:
** Benign or malignant lesions :e.g. polyps, carcinoma. cervical ectropion (common).
** Infections : e.g. candida, bacterial vaginosis and chlamydia.


'''history and examination'''


* the pregnant comes with vaginal bleeding associated with abdominal pain and contractions ,in the second half of pregnancy.


<br />
 
<references />
<br />{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | A01 | | | | | |A01=UTI classification}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | }}
{{familytree | | | | | |,|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| }}
{{familytree | | | | | C01 | | | | | | | | | C02 | | | | | | | | | C03 |C01=level of the infection|C02=Severity|C03=Recurrency}}
{{familytree | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | |!| }}
{{familytree | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | |!| }}
{{familytree | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| | | |,|-|-|^|-|-|.| | | | | |,|-|^|-|-|.| | | }}
{{familytree | D01 | | D02 | | D03 | | D04 | | | | D05 | | | | D06 | | | D07 | | D01=Cystitis:infection in the bladder|D02=Pyelonephritis:infetion of the renal pelvis and kidney|D03=Urethritis:infection of the urethra|D04=Complicated|D05=Uncomplicated|D06=First time of infection|D07=recurrent infection}}
{{familytree/end}}

Latest revision as of 05:14, 25 October 2020

*/Most small children with febrile UTI do not develop renal damage and if they do the majority remain unchanged or regress over time.PMID: 28681079

*/Differentiating UTI from asymptomatic bacteriuria, which usually requires no treatment, can lower the frequency of unnecessary antibiotic prescriptions.PMID: 20539810

*/Febrile infants with UTIs should undergo renal and bladder ultrasonography. PMID: 26361319

*/

Some factors make it easier for bacteria to enter or stay in the urinary tract, such as:

  • Vesicoureteral reflux in which urine flow backs up into the ureters and kidneys.
  • Brain or nervous system illnesses (such as myelomeningocele or spinal cord injury).
  • Bubble baths or tight-fitting clothes (girls).
  • Changes or birth defects in the structure of the urinary tract.
  • Not urinating often enough during the day.
  • Wiping from back (near the anus) to front after going to the bathroom. In girls, this can bring bacteria to the opening where the urine comes out.https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000505.htm*

*/UTIs are more common in girls. This may occur as children begin toilet training around 3 years of age. Boys who are not circumcised have a slightly higher risk of UTIs before age 1.


10.1016/j.pcl.2006.02.011. ISSN 0031-3955





 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
UTI classification
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
level of the infection
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Severity
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Recurrency
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cystitis:infection in the bladder
 
Pyelonephritis:infetion of the renal pelvis and kidney
 
Urethritis:infection of the urethra
 
Complicated
 
 
 
Uncomplicated
 
 
 
First time of infection
 
 
recurrent infection
 
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