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{{Prostate cancer}}
{{Prostate cancer}}
==Overview==
==Overview==
Common symptoms of prostate cancer include changes in [[bladder]] habits, [[hematuria]], [[hematospermia]], and painful [[ejaculation]].


==History==
==History and Symptoms==


==Symptoms==
*[[Prostate Cancer]] is the most common cancer in American men. It is a slow-growing, potentially lethal disease usually found in men over the age of 50. Although cases of the disease have been reported in all age groups, more than 80 percent of all [[prostate cancers]] occur in men over the age of 65.


Early prostate cancer usually causes no symptoms. Often it is diagnosed during the workup for an elevated [[prostate specific antigen|PSA]] noticed during a routine checkup. Sometimes, however, prostate cancer does cause symptoms, often similar to those of diseases such as [[benign prostatic hypertrophy]]. These include [[urinary frequency|frequent urination]], [[nocturia|increased urination at night]], difficulty starting and maintaining a steady stream of urine, [[hematuria|blood in the urine]], and [[dysuria|painful urination]]. Prostate cancer is associated with urinary dysfunction as the prostate gland surrounds the prostatic urethra. Changes within the gland therefore directly affect urinary function. Because the [[vas deferens]] deposits seminal fluid into the prostatic urethra, and secretions from the prostate gland itself are included in semen content, prostate cancer may also cause problems with sexual function and performance, such as difficulty achieving [[erection]] or painful [[ejaculation]].<ref>{{cite journal| last=Miller| first=DC| coauthors=Hafez, KS, Stewart, A, et al| title=Prostate carcinoma presentation, diagnosis, and staging: an update from the National Cancer Data Base| journal=Cancer| year=2003| volume=98| pages=1169| pmid=12973840| doi=10.1002/cncr.11635}}</ref>.
===Common symptoms===
Common symptoms of [[prostate cancer]] include:<ref>Signs and symptoms of prostate cancer.2015 Canadian Cancer Society. http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/prostate/signs-and-symptoms/?region=ab </ref><ref name="pmid17007705">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hamilton W, Sharp DJ, Peters TJ, Round AP |title=Clinical features of prostate cancer before diagnosis: a population-based, case-control study |journal=Br J Gen Pract |volume=56 |issue=531 |pages=756–62 |date=October 2006 |pmid=17007705 |pmc=1920715 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid15296564">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hamilton W, Sharp D |title=Symptomatic diagnosis of prostate cancer in primary care: a structured review |journal=Br J Gen Pract |volume=54 |issue=505 |pages=617–21 |date=August 2004 |pmid=15296564 |pmc=1324845 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid11675726">{{cite journal |vauthors=Reynard J |title=Prostatic symptoms. All possible causes of lower urinary tract symptoms must be investigated |journal=BMJ |volume=323 |issue=7315 |pages=750; author reply 751 |date=September 2001 |pmid=11675726 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid11675724">{{cite journal |vauthors=Jenkins L, Rose P, Wilson T |title=Prostatic symptoms. Isn't use of prostate specific antigen tests just screening by the back door |journal=BMJ |volume=323 |issue=7315 |pages=750–1 |date=September 2001 |pmid=11675724 |pmc=1121779 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
* Changes in [[bladder]] habits
:* [[Frequency]]
:* [[Nocturia]]
:* [[Urinary urgency]]
:* [[Hesitancy]]
:* [[Incontinence]]
:* [[Weak urine stream]]
:* [[Urinary retention]]
:* [[Dysuria]]


Advanced prostate cancer can spread to other parts of the body and this may cause additional symptoms. The most common symptom is [[bone pain]], often in the [[vertebrae]] (bones of the spine), [[pelvis]] or [[rib]]s. Spread of cancer into other bones such as the [[femur]] is usually to the proximal part of the bone. Prostate cancer in the [[vertebral column|spine]] can also compress the [[spinal cord]], causing leg weakness and [[urinary incontinence|urinary]] and [[fecal incontinence]].<ref>{{cite journal| last=van der Cruijsen-Koeter| first=IW| coauthors=Vis AN, Roobol MJ, Wildhagen MF, de Koning HJ, van der Kwast TH, Schroder FH| title=Comparison of screen detected and clinically diagnosed prostate cancer in the European randomized study of screening for prostate cancer, section rotterdam| journal=Urol| year=2005| month=July| volume=174| issue=1| pages=121–5| pmid=15947595| doi=10.1097/01.ju.0000162061.40533.0f}}</ref>
* [[Hematuria]]
* [[Hematospermia]]
* Painful [[ejaculation]]
===Less Common Symptoms===
Less common symptoms of prostate cancer include:
* [[Bone pain]]
* [[Fatigue]]
* [[Weakness]] in the [[lower limbs ]]
* [[Numbness]] in the [[lower limbs]]
* Loss of [[bladder]] or [[bowel]] control


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}
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Latest revision as of 17:47, 12 January 2021

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Syed Musadiq Ali M.B.B.S.[2]

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Overview

Common symptoms of prostate cancer include changes in bladder habits, hematuria, hematospermia, and painful ejaculation.

History and Symptoms

  • Prostate Cancer is the most common cancer in American men. It is a slow-growing, potentially lethal disease usually found in men over the age of 50. Although cases of the disease have been reported in all age groups, more than 80 percent of all prostate cancers occur in men over the age of 65.

Common symptoms

Common symptoms of prostate cancer include:[1][2][3][4][5]

Less Common Symptoms

Less common symptoms of prostate cancer include:

References

  1. Signs and symptoms of prostate cancer.2015 Canadian Cancer Society. http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/prostate/signs-and-symptoms/?region=ab
  2. Hamilton W, Sharp DJ, Peters TJ, Round AP (October 2006). "Clinical features of prostate cancer before diagnosis: a population-based, case-control study". Br J Gen Pract. 56 (531): 756–62. PMC 1920715. PMID 17007705.
  3. Hamilton W, Sharp D (August 2004). "Symptomatic diagnosis of prostate cancer in primary care: a structured review". Br J Gen Pract. 54 (505): 617–21. PMC 1324845. PMID 15296564.
  4. Reynard J (September 2001). "Prostatic symptoms. All possible causes of lower urinary tract symptoms must be investigated". BMJ. 323 (7315): 750, author reply 751. PMID 11675726.
  5. Jenkins L, Rose P, Wilson T (September 2001). "Prostatic symptoms. Isn't use of prostate specific antigen tests just screening by the back door". BMJ. 323 (7315): 750–1. PMC 1121779. PMID 11675724.

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