Infertility physical examination: Difference between revisions
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{{CMG}} {{AE}} {{NS}} | {{CMG}} {{AE}} {{NS}} | ||
==Overview== | |||
Physical examination plays an important role in detecting infertility. A detailed history and physical, along with imaging and blood tests can identify the cause of infertility in most cases | |||
==Physical Examination== | ==Physical Examination== | ||
*Infertility testing involves a complete medical history and physical examination of both partners. | *Infertility testing involves a complete medical history and physical examination of both partners. | ||
*Blood and imaging tests will be done. | *Blood and imaging tests will be done<ref name="pmid21088937">{{cite journal| author=Hwang K, Lipshultz LI, Lamb DJ| title=Use of diagnostic testing to detect infertility. | journal=Curr Urol Rep | year= 2011 | volume= 12 | issue= 1 | pages= 68-76 | pmid=21088937 | doi=10.1007/s11934-010-0154-0 | pmc=3079371 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21088937 }}</ref> | ||
:*In women, this may include: | :*In women, this may include: | ||
::*Blood tests to check hormone levels, including [[progesterone]] and [[follicle stimulating hormone]] | ::*Blood tests to check hormone levels, including [[progesterone]] and [[follicle stimulating hormone]]<ref name="pmid9372871">{{cite journal| author=Sigman M, Jarow JP| title=Endocrine evaluation of infertile men. | journal=Urology | year= 1997 | volume= 50 | issue= 5 | pages= 659-64 | pmid=9372871 | doi=10.1016/S0090-4295(97)00340-3 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9372871 }}</ref> | ||
::*Checking body temperature first thing in the morning to check if the ovaries are releasing eggs | ::*Checking body temperature first thing in the morning to check if the ovaries are releasing eggs | ||
::*FSH and [[clomid]] challenge test | ::*FSH and [[clomid]] challenge test | ||
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Some important findings in physical exam might be | Some important findings in physical exam might be | ||
====Head and neck exam==== | ====Head and neck exam==== | ||
* [[Exophthalmos]] might indicate [[hyperthyroidism]] | |||
* [[Webbed neck]] is seen in [[Turner's syndrome]] | *[[Exophthalmos]] might indicate [[hyperthyroidism]] | ||
* [[Epicanthal fold]]s in eyes and low set ears are seen in [[Down's syndrome]] | *[[Webbed neck]] is seen in [[Turner's syndrome]] | ||
* [[Neck]] swellings in [[thyroid]] pathology | *[[Epicanthal fold]]s in eyes and low set ears are seen in [[Down's syndrome]] | ||
*[[Neck]] swellings in [[thyroid]] pathology | |||
====Chest and abdomen exam==== | ====Chest and abdomen exam==== | ||
* Thorough [[breast]] exam might reveal swellings or [[nipple]] discharge | |||
* Any palpable swellings in the [[abdomen]] | *Thorough [[breast]] exam might reveal swellings or [[nipple]] discharge | ||
*Any palpable swellings in the [[abdomen]] | |||
====Gynecological exam==== | ====Gynecological exam==== | ||
* Pattern of distribution of pelvic hair | |||
* If there is presence of any [[clitoris|clitoral]] enlargement | *Pattern of distribution of pelvic hair | ||
* Any external signs of [[sexually transmitted infections]] | *If there is presence of any [[clitoris|clitoral]] enlargement | ||
* [[Cervical motion tenderness]] | *Any external signs of [[sexually transmitted infections]] | ||
* Presence of [[fibroid]]s | *[[Cervical motion tenderness]] | ||
* Septate vagina | *Presence of [[fibroid]]s | ||
*Septate vagina | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Latest revision as of 07:38, 23 January 2021
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [2] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sanjana Nethagani, M.B.B.S.[3]
Overview
Physical examination plays an important role in detecting infertility. A detailed history and physical, along with imaging and blood tests can identify the cause of infertility in most cases
Physical Examination
- Infertility testing involves a complete medical history and physical examination of both partners.
- Blood and imaging tests will be done[1]
- In women, this may include:
- Blood tests to check hormone levels, including progesterone and follicle stimulating hormone[2]
- Checking body temperature first thing in the morning to check if the ovaries are releasing eggs
- FSH and clomid challenge test
- Hysterosalpingography (HSG)
- Pelvic ultrasound
- Laparoscopy
- Luteinizing hormone urine test (ovulation prediction)
- Thyroid function tests
- Tests in men may include:
- Sperm testing
- Testicular biopsy (rarely done)
Some important findings in physical exam might be
Head and neck exam
- Exophthalmos might indicate hyperthyroidism
- Webbed neck is seen in Turner's syndrome
- Epicanthal folds in eyes and low set ears are seen in Down's syndrome
- Neck swellings in thyroid pathology
Chest and abdomen exam
- Thorough breast exam might reveal swellings or nipple discharge
- Any palpable swellings in the abdomen
Gynecological exam
- Pattern of distribution of pelvic hair
- If there is presence of any clitoral enlargement
- Any external signs of sexually transmitted infections
- Cervical motion tenderness
- Presence of fibroids
- Septate vagina
References
- ↑ Hwang K, Lipshultz LI, Lamb DJ (2011). "Use of diagnostic testing to detect infertility". Curr Urol Rep. 12 (1): 68–76. doi:10.1007/s11934-010-0154-0. PMC 3079371. PMID 21088937.
- ↑ Sigman M, Jarow JP (1997). "Endocrine evaluation of infertile men". Urology. 50 (5): 659–64. doi:10.1016/S0090-4295(97)00340-3. PMID 9372871.