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==Risk Factors==
==Risk Factors==
:*Bad everyday habits and postures: Chronic neck stiffness/pain is caused by everyday activities, including having poor posture while watching TV or reading, placing your computer monitor too high or too low, sleeping in an uncomfortable position, bending over a desk for hours, or twisting and turning the neck in a jarring manner while exercising.
:*Bad everyday habits and postures: Chronic neck stiffness/pain is caused by everyday activities, including having poor posture while watching TV or reading, placing your computer monitor too high or too low, sleeping in an uncomfortable position, bending over a desk for hours, or twisting and turning the neck in a jarring manner while exercising.s<ref name="pmid2907992">{{cite journal| author=Hernández M, Fragoso J, Barrio R, Argente J, Arilla E| title=Subcutaneous treatment with growth hormone-releasing hormone for short stature. | journal=Horm Res | year= 1988 | volume= 30 | issue= 6 | pages= 252-7 | pmid=2907992 | doi=10.1159/000181072 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=2907992  }} </ref><ref name="pmid17369782">{{cite journal| author=Binder A| title=The diagnosis and treatment of nonspecific neck pain and whiplash. | journal=Eura Medicophys | year= 2007 | volume= 43 | issue= 1 | pages= 79-89 | pmid=17369782 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17369782  }} </ref><ref name="pmid31773477">{{cite journal| author=Mahmoud NF, Hassan KA, Abdelmajeed SF, Moustafa IM, Silva AG| title=The Relationship Between Forward Head Posture and Neck Pain: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. | journal=Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med | year= 2019 | volume= 12 | issue= 4 | pages= 562-577 | pmid=31773477 | doi=10.1007/s12178-019-09594-y | pmc=6942109 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=31773477  }} </ref><ref name="pmid31726685">{{cite journal| author=Oliva-Pascual-Vaca Á, González-González C, Oliva-Pascual-Vaca J, Piña-Pozo F, Ferragut-Garcías A, Fernández-Domínguez JC | display-authors=etal| title=Visceral Origin: An Underestimated Source of Neck Pain. A Systematic Scoping Review. | journal=Diagnostics (Basel) | year= 2019 | volume= 9 | issue= 4 | pages=  | pmid=31726685 | doi=10.3390/diagnostics9040186 | pmc=6963844 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=31726685  }} </ref>
:*[[Trauma]] and injury
:*[[Trauma]] and injury
:*Degenerative changes in neck such as [[osteomyelitis]], [[herniated disk]]
:*Degenerative changes in neck such as [[osteomyelitis]], [[herniated disk]]
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*Common risk factors in the development of neck pain may be occupational, environmental, genetic, and viral.
*Common risk factors in the development of neck pain may be occupational, environmental, genetic, and viral.
*Common risk factors in the development of neck pain include:
*Common risk factors in the development of neck pain include:
**poor posture,
**poor posture
**anxiety  
**anxiety  
**depression,
**depression
**neck strain,
**neck strain  
**occupational injuries
**occupational injuries
**sporting injuries
**sporting injuries
**
**mechanical and degenerative factors
**
**whiplash injuries<ref name="pmid2907992">{{cite journal| author=Hernández M, Fragoso J, Barrio R, Argente J, Arilla E| title=Subcutaneous treatment with growth hormone-releasing hormone for short stature. | journal=Horm Res | year= 1988 | volume= 30 | issue= 6 | pages= 252-7 | pmid=2907992 | doi=10.1159/000181072 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=2907992  }} </ref><ref name="pmid17369782">{{cite journal| author=Binder A| title=The diagnosis and treatment of nonspecific neck pain and whiplash. | journal=Eura Medicophys | year= 2007 | volume= 43 | issue= 1 | pages= 79-89 | pmid=17369782 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17369782  }} </ref><ref name="pmid31773477">{{cite journal| author=Mahmoud NF, Hassan KA, Abdelmajeed SF, Moustafa IM, Silva AG| title=The Relationship Between Forward Head Posture and Neck Pain: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. | journal=Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med | year= 2019 | volume= 12 | issue= 4 | pages= 562-577 | pmid=31773477 | doi=10.1007/s12178-019-09594-y | pmc=6942109 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=31773477  }} </ref><ref name="pmid31726685">{{cite journal| author=Oliva-Pascual-Vaca Á, González-González C, Oliva-Pascual-Vaca J, Piña-Pozo F, Ferragut-Garcías A, Fernández-Domínguez JC | display-authors=etal| title=Visceral Origin: An Underestimated Source of Neck Pain. A Systematic Scoping Review. | journal=Diagnostics (Basel) | year= 2019 | volume= 9 | issue= 4 | pages=  | pmid=31726685 | doi=10.3390/diagnostics9040186 | pmc=6963844 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=31726685  }} </ref>


===Less Common Risk Factors===
===Less Common Risk Factors===
*Less common risk factors in the development of neck pain include:
*Less common risk factors in the development of neck pain include:
**
**Disc prolapse and inflammatory
**
**infective
**malignant conditions affect the cervical spine <ref name="pmid2907992">{{cite journal| author=Hernández M, Fragoso J, Barrio R, Argente J, Arilla E| title=Subcutaneous treatment with growth hormone-releasing hormone for short stature. | journal=Horm Res | year= 1988 | volume= 30 | issue= 6 | pages= 252-7 | pmid=2907992 | doi=10.1159/000181072 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=2907992  }} </ref>


==References==
==References==

Latest revision as of 18:22, 1 March 2021

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Overview

The most potent risk factors in the development of uncomplicated neck pain is poor posture, anxiety and depression, neck strain, occupational injuries, or sporting injuries.Other risk factors include mechanical and degenerative factors, soft-tissue trauma, most typically seen in whiplash injuries. Disc prolapse and inflammatory, infective, or malignant conditions affect the cervical spine are less common risk factors.

Risk Factors

Common Risk Factors

  • Common risk factors in the development of neck pain may be occupational, environmental, genetic, and viral.
  • Common risk factors in the development of neck pain include:
    • poor posture
    • anxiety
    • depression
    • neck strain
    • occupational injuries
    • sporting injuries
    • mechanical and degenerative factors
    • whiplash injuries[1][2][3][4]

Less Common Risk Factors

  • Less common risk factors in the development of neck pain include:
    • Disc prolapse and inflammatory
    • infective
    • malignant conditions affect the cervical spine [1]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Hernández M, Fragoso J, Barrio R, Argente J, Arilla E (1988). "Subcutaneous treatment with growth hormone-releasing hormone for short stature". Horm Res. 30 (6): 252–7. doi:10.1159/000181072. PMID 2907992.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Binder A (2007). "The diagnosis and treatment of nonspecific neck pain and whiplash". Eura Medicophys. 43 (1): 79–89. PMID 17369782.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Mahmoud NF, Hassan KA, Abdelmajeed SF, Moustafa IM, Silva AG (2019). "The Relationship Between Forward Head Posture and Neck Pain: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis". Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med. 12 (4): 562–577. doi:10.1007/s12178-019-09594-y. PMC 6942109 Check |pmc= value (help). PMID 31773477.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Oliva-Pascual-Vaca Á, González-González C, Oliva-Pascual-Vaca J, Piña-Pozo F, Ferragut-Garcías A, Fernández-Domínguez JC; et al. (2019). "Visceral Origin: An Underestimated Source of Neck Pain. A Systematic Scoping Review". Diagnostics (Basel). 9 (4). doi:10.3390/diagnostics9040186. PMC 6963844 Check |pmc= value (help). PMID 31726685.

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